Background: Injuries are one of the most common causes of death in the world. Varying types of injuries dominate in different parts of the world, which also have separate influences mortality. In Scandinavia blunt injuries dominates and the majority of those who die do so pre hospital. Over time different injury pattern may vary and by analyzing this we can assess when, where and how preventive work can be reinforced. The aim of this thesis was to study injury epidemiology in Sweden and assess the contribution of different injury patters on mortality. Method: We used the Swedish cause of death and the national patient registries which have a complete national coverage. ICISS was calculated (based on ICD-10) in the in hospital population. We have chosen to do this investigation with a broad perspective using the term injury, which includes trauma but also other diagnoses like suffocation and drowning. Results: During the study period (1999-2012) the number of deaths because of injury was 1213, 25 388, and 18 332 among children, working age and elderly, respectively. Mortality declined in the children and in the working age but inclined in the elderly. Mortality increased with each age group except between the ages of 15–25 and 26–35 years. One thousand two hundred sixty four (97%) of those who died because of penetrating trauma (sharp objects and firearms) were killed by intentional trauma (assault and intentional self-harm). One thousand and seventeen (83%) of the children died prehospital. In the working age 22 211 (80%) of 25 388 died pre hospital. Nine thousand six hundred and eighteen (53%) of 18 332 of the elderly died prehospital. During 2001- 2011 the risk adjusted in hospital mortality decreased in traffic and assault but not in fall related injuries. Discussion: Largely, the anticipated injury mortality picture was found, with blunt injuries (traffic accidents) dominating in the working age and falls in elderly. Further a significant portion of the deaths occurred pre hospital. The intentional injuries are dominated by intentional selfharm. The decrease in child injury mortality is notable as Sweden already has one of the lowest incidences in child injury mortality in the world. The decrease in injury mortality in the working age also implies that preventive work has had an effect. The incline in injury mortality in elderly on the other hand needs to be further studied. Areas of particular importance for future preventive work is the incline in injury mortality in elderly and intentional injuries among children.

<p>Godkänd datum 171026.</p>

<p>Godkänt datum: 2017-10-26.</p>

<p>Godkänd datum: 2017-10-26.</p>

<p>Godkännande datum 2017-11-26.</p>

No description available.

Background It is stated that vital exhaustion (VE) increases the risk of getting cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1), at the moment the leading cause of death globally (2). A factor in life that may be protective against the harmful effect of VE is social support (3) which is also associated with CVD (4). This thesis will investigate if social support can moderate the relationship between VE and CVD outcomes and have a protective effect. It will also exploratively investigate if comorbid depression or self-rated health confound the relationship. Method This thesis uses secondary data from 935 myocardial infarction patients that were included in the Uppsala University Psychosocial Care Programme (U-CARE) Heart Trial conducted in Sweden. To estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for developing CVD outcomes and investigate if the relationship between VE and CVD could be explained by different confounders and moderated by social support, stratified and interaction analyses were conducted, as well as Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results Social support did not moderate the relationship between VE and CVD. No protective effect on the hazard of developing CVD was shown in those with high social support. The effect of VE on CVD was not affected by depression but when self-rated health was included in the model VE lost its unique effect on CVD. Conclusion Social support did not have a protective effect on VE that impacted CVD. Globally, the main focus should be on preventing individuals from getting VE to prevent and reduce the prevalence of CVD.

Bullying is a serious problem affecting millions of people worldwide. In a report from the Public Health Authority, 6-15 percent of students from compulsory school and upper secondary school in Sweden stated that they are constantly subjected to bullying. The incidence of bullying among students is expected to increase. In order to achieve the national public health goal that aims to create societal conditions for good and equal health in the population, it is vital that schools establish effective anti-bullying strategies. Although schools in Sweden are obligated to prevent bullying, the performance of bullying in Swedish schools among girls and boys is increasing. Efforts aimed to prevent bullying in schools have been shown to have different effects depending on gender. Previous studies have shown that girls more often perform social bullying while boys more often perform physical bullying. Bullying contributes to several consequences that can affect individuals in adolescence but also in adulthood. Consequences of bullying include mental illness, poor school performance and in the worst case, bullying can lead to suicide attempts. Therefore, bullying is a significant public health issue.

Bakgrund: Familjecentraler finns till för att hjälpa och stötta familjer som är i behov av stöd. Det görs genom hälsofrämjande och sjukdomsförebyggande insatser. Två teoretiska ansatser har kopplats till ämnesområdet, dessa är SESAME modellen och stödjande miljöer som används i hälsofrämjande arbeten. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vilka upplevelser personal vid familjecentraler har gällande arbetet för att främja barns möjlighet till fysisk aktivitet. Metod: En kvalitativ studie har genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Ett målstyrt urval har använts och består av fem pedagoger, en BVC-sköterska och en kurator från fyra olika familjecentraler i Örebro län. Materialet har analyserats med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Familjecentraler har bra kontroll över begreppet att främja fysisk aktivitet bland barnen. Bland annat har personalen fokus på samtal och information till vårdnadshavare, då det är de som har den avgörande rollen i arbetet. För att underlätta arbetet är det viktigt med en god samverkan med andra aktörer och arenor. Slutsats: Arbetet med att främja barns fysiska aktivitet är en viktig del i det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Det kan därför behövas ännu mer resurser från personalen till föräldrarna, för att ge föräldrarna ett utökat stöd för att lättare kunna främja barns fysiska aktivitet i hemmet. Nyckelord: Fysisk aktivitet, Familjecentral, Hälsofrämjande arbete, SESAME, Sjukdomsförebyggande insatser, Stödjande miljöer. / Background: Family centers are available to help and support families in need of support. This is done through health promotion and disease prevention efforts. Two theoretical Approachers have been linked to the subject area, these being the SESAME model and supportive environments used in health promotion work. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate how family centers in Örebro County work to promote children's physical activity. Method: A qualitative study has been conducted through semi-structured interviews. A convenience selection has been used and consists of five educators, one BVC nurse and one curator from four different family centers in Örebro county. The material has been analyzed using a manifest content analysis. Results: Family centers have good control over the concept of promoting physical activity among children. Among other things, the staff focuses on conversations and information for custodians, though they play the crucial role in the work with their children. In order to facilitate the work, it is important to have good cooperation with other actors and arenas. Conclusion: The work of promoting children's physical activity is an important part of the health promotion work. Therefore, even more resources may be needed towards the parents, in order for them to be able to demonstrate to the children what physical activity is considered to be. Keywords: Disease prevention work, Family center, Health promotion, Physical Activity, SESAME, Supportive environments.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the experience of Indonesian community health workers (CHW) particularly in the aspect of motivation, advantages gained, obstacles and challenges related to the implementation of Saving Next Generation Institute (SNGI) program in Garut, Indonesia Methods: This study is a qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten (10) community health workers who were enrolled in the program. Data were analyzed by using thematic analysis. Findings: The study reveals that the participating CHWs have positive experiences with the program. Respondents were motivated to gain comprehensive knowledge and skills from joining the program to serve their community better. Also, the CHWs acknowledged their getting more empowerment, skill-building, positive communication, self-satisfaction, and recognition from the program compared to the state program. Conflicts among the CHWs, the sustainability of the program, and the types of incentives such as transport fees and material incentives were mentioned to be the challenges in the program. Conclusion: This study substantiates what CHWs’ consider points of importance from the program. Points included are sharing synchronous common goals between CHWs and the program, having identified and appropriate program which meets the CHWs’ needs, having positive communication with all stakeholders and having suitable incentives. Findings from this study should be considered an insight for both non-state actors and the Indonesian government to ensure future improvement and program upscaling. Future research might expand to analyzing the dynamics of state and non-state interaction and organizational behavior which highlights communication among stakeholders in the program.