KRATKY, Jakub. Monitoring the activation of selected muscle groups of clients with spinal cord injuries. Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, 2013. 82 pages. Supervisor Doc. PaedDr. Karel Jelen, CSc The aim of this thesis is to monitor the activation of selected muscle groups (musculus deltoideus pars anterior, musculus deltoideus pars posterior, musculus triceps brachii caput laterale and musculus trapezius pars descendus) during double poling ergometry. Nine subjects with different spinal cord lesions volunteered to participate in the study. The surface electromyography is used to detect the musculus activation. The monitoring of four muscle groups is devided into three phases. Firstly, all the participants double-poled for one minute at moderate intensity according to the Borg scale. Each participant underwent a 10-minute intervention to correct the posture. In the last phase the volunteers exercised again for one minute at moderate intensity. The aim of the intervention is to decrease muscle activation of musculus deltoideus pars anterior and musculus trapezius pars descendus (muscles with a tendency to hypertonia during wheelchair propulsion and activity of daily living) and to increase muscle activation of musculus deltoideus pars posterior and musculus triceps...

A mortalidade em pessoas com lesão medular é três vezes maior que na população em geral. As doenças cardiovasculares são umas das mais relevantes na lista de doenças que as acometem, ocorrendo cada vez mais precocemente. Dentre os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares a inatividade física é um importante fator modificável para esta população. O grupo de tetraplégicos é o que demonstra maior comprometimento físico. Devido ao menor recrutamento muscular voluntário, as possibilidades terapêuticas para o condicionamento cardiorrespiratório são limitadas. Entre as alternativas terapêuticas está o cicloergometro com estimulação elétrica funcional computadorizada - CFES. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos do condicionamento dos músculos estimulados por corrente elétrica em pacientes tetraplégicos na frequência de treinamento de uma (1) vez por semana e de três (3) vezes por semana, durante seis meses de treinamento. Quatorze indivíduos adultos, homens, tetraplégicos, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, realizaram CFES com as diferentes frequências de treinamento. Foi avaliada a variável trabalho desenvolvida durante cada sessão. A análise estatística foi realizada através de inferência bayesiana. As observações realizadas no presente estudo indicam que o desempenho musculoesquelético do grupo de treinamento de três vezes por semana pode ser melhor que o de uma vez por semana. A variabilidade de desempenho encontrada em estudos longitudinais sugere protocolos de intervenção mais abrangentes. / Mortality in people with spinal cord injury is three times higher than in the overall population. Cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent one affecting these individuals, occurring increasingly at an earlier age. With the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, physical inactivity is an important and modifiable aspect for this population. The quadriplegic group is the one showing the larger physical impairment. Due to the lower volunteer muscle recruitment, therapeutic possibilities for cardiorespiratory conditioning are limited. Among the therapeutic alternatives is the computadorized functional electric stimulation - CFES. This study aimed to compare the effects of ergometric training over the conditioning of the muscles of quadriplegic patients, stimulated by electric current, once and three times a week, for six months of training. Fourteen quadriplegic male adults were divided randomly into two groups, performing the training in the different treatment frequencies. Mechanical work varialble was assessed throughout each treatment session. The statistical analysis was performed by Bayesian Inference. The study\'s observations indicate that the musculoskeletal performance of those in the three times a week treatment may be better than of those in the lower frequency group. The variability of the performance found with longitudinal studies suggests broader intervention protocols.

Wang, Jing. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-151). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 19, September, 2016).

Praradus apatinių galūnių funkciją, žmonės su nugaros smegenų pažeidimais (SCI) priklauso nuo viršutinės kūno dalies raumenyno beveik per visus užsiėmimus kasdieniniame gyvenime. Dažnai važiavimas vežimėliu asmenims su nugaros smegenų pažeidimais sukelia sunkumų, o tai gali inicijuoti ribotą judrumą, neaktyvų gyvenimo stilių, o dėl tų priežasčių blogėja fizinė sveikata. Tyrimo problema: ar asmenų su skirtingo lygio nugaros smegenų pažeidimais aerobinis pajėgumas rankų ergometrijos metu skiriasi, ar sportuojančių asmenų su nugaros smegenų pažeidimais aerobinis pajėgumas yra geresnis nei nesportuojančių? Tyrimo tikslas: Nustatyti ir įvertinti asmenų su skirtingais nugaros smegenų pažeidimo lygiais aerobinį pajėgumą rankų ergometrijos metu. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti vyrų su skirtingais nugaros smegenų pažeidimo lygiais aerobinį pajėgumą. 2. Nustatyti ir įvertinti moterų su skirtingais nugaros smegenų pažeidimo lygiais aerobinį pajėgumą. 3. Palyginti asmenų su skirtingais nugaros smegenų pa�����eidimo lygiais, sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių, aerobinį pajėgumą. Tyrimo hipotezės: Asmenų su žemesnio lygio nugaros smegenų pažeidimais aerobinis pajėgumas rankų ergometrijos metu yra geresnis, nei asmenų su aukštesnio lygio nugaros smegenų pažeidimais. Sportuojančių asmenų su nugaros smegenų pažeidimais aerobinis pajėgumas rankų ergometrijos metu yra geresnis, nei nesportuojančių asmenų su nugaros smegenų pažeidimais. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Lietuvos kūno kultūros... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The persons with spinal cord injuries depend from upper body muscles in daily life activities. The movement with a wheelchair causes a lot of troubles, and this can be the main reason to the in active life style and bad finical health. The problem of the research is the following: Is the aerobic performance different of persons with different spinal cord injury level during arm ergometry and is the aerobic performance better of persons with spinal cord injuries who take exercise the in persons who don’t take exercise. Aim of research: Ascertain and evaluate the aerobic performance of persons with different spinal cord injuries during arm ergometry. Goals: 1. Ascertain and evaluate the men with different spinal cord injuries levels aerobic performance. 2. Ascertain and evaluate the women with different spinal cord injuries levels aerobic performance. 3. Compare the persons who take exercise and who don’t take exercise with different spinal cord injuries aerobic performance. Hypothesis of research: The persons with a low level spinal cord injuries aerobic performance are better then in persons with higher spinal cord injuries. And the person with spinal cord injuries who take sports aerobic performance is better than in persons who don‘t take sports. The researches were carried out in Lithuanian academy of physical education in adapted physical education laboratory. In this research participate 21 persons (8 men and 13 women) with spinal cord injuries. Research methods —... [to full text]

Fizinio krūvio metu organizmo funkcijų pokyčiai — sudėtingų, tarpusavy susijusių procesų virtinė (Žumbakytė, 2006). O fiziologinė sportininko organizmo adaptavimosi esmė — tai toks organizmo funkcionalumas, kurio būdingi požymiai yra geresnis fizinio krūvio toleravimas, didesnis disponuojamų energinių medžiagų kiekis, reguliavimo mechanizmų tobulėjimas (Huonker et al., 2002; Poderys, 2004). Seniai yra žinoma, kad sportiniai žaidimai – krepšinis ir futbolas, panašiai veikia sportininkų lėtąją adaptaciją. Nes daugelis sportinių žaidimų (pvz., krepšinis, futbolas, badmintonas ir kt.) yra intervalinės prigimties ir susideda iš trumpų (≤ šešių sekundžių trukmės) maksimalių/submaksimalių pastangų intervalų bei reliatyviai trumpų (≤ 60 sekundžių trukmės) vidutinio/žemo intensyvumo atsigavimo periodų (Glaister, 2005). Tačiau ar iš tikrųjų vienodas šių sporto šakų ilgalaikis poveikis sportininko organizmui, literatūroje duomenų neaptinkama. Darbo tikslas buvo nustatyti krepšininkų ir futbolininkų širdies susitraukimų dažnio ir jo kitimo greičio kaitos ypatybes veloergometrinio mėginio metu. Uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti krepšininkų (moterų ir vyrų) bei futbolininkų vyrų širdies susitraukimų dažnį priešstartinės būsenos sąlygomis. 2. Palyginti nesportuojančių (moterų, vyrų) ir krepšininkų (moterų, vyrų) bei futbolininkų vyrų širdies susitraukimų dažnio kaitą atliekant veloergometrinį tyrimą. 3. Palyginti nesportuojančių (moterų, vyrų) ir krepšininkų (moterų, vyrų) bei futbolininkų vyrų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Human body’s functional changes during physical load is a sequence of complex interrelated processes (Zumbakyte, 2006). The physiological essence of body adaptation is acquiring such functionality of the body that would distinguish itself by a greater tolerance to physical load, a greater amount of energy recourses at the disposal of the body and perfection of the regulatory mechanisms (Hyonker et al., 2002; Poderys, 2004). It is known for a long time that such sport games as basketball and football influences similarly the long adaptation of sportsmen. Most of sports games are of interval origin (for example basketball, football, badminton and other) and consists of short (≤ six seconds duration) maximum/submaximum attempt intervals and relatively short (≤ sixty seconds duration) medium/low intensity recovery periods (Glaister, 2005). However, there is no data in the literature if the long term influences on the sportsman organism acts similarly in every kind of sport. The aim of the work was to fix the peculiarities of alterations in heart rate and it speed changes of football and basketball players during the bicycle ergometry test. Tasks: 1. To evaluate heart rate, during pre start condition, of basketball players (men and women). 2. To compare heart rate changes during bicycle ergometry research while testing non–athletes (men and women) and basketball players (men and women) and football players (men). 3. To compare alterations in heart rate speed of changes during... [to full text]

A mortalidade em pessoas com lesão medular é três vezes maior que na população em geral. As doenças cardiovasculares são umas das mais relevantes na lista de doenças que as acometem, ocorrendo cada vez mais precocemente. Dentre os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares a inatividade física é um importante fator modificável para esta população. O grupo de tetraplégicos é o que demonstra maior comprometimento físico. Devido ao menor recrutamento muscular voluntário, as possibilidades terapêuticas para o condicionamento cardiorrespiratório são limitadas. Entre as alternativas terapêuticas está o cicloergometro com estimulação elétrica funcional computadorizada - CFES. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos do condicionamento dos músculos estimulados por corrente elétrica em pacientes tetraplégicos na frequência de treinamento de uma (1) vez por semana e de três (3) vezes por semana, durante seis meses de treinamento. Quatorze indivíduos adultos, homens, tetraplégicos, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, realizaram CFES com as diferentes frequências de treinamento. Foi avaliada a variável trabalho desenvolvida durante cada sessão. A análise estatística foi realizada através de inferência bayesiana. As observações realizadas no presente estudo indicam que o desempenho musculoesquelético do grupo de treinamento de três vezes por semana pode ser melhor que o de uma vez por semana. A variabilidade de desempenho encontrada em estudos longitudinais sugere protocolos de intervenção mais abrangentes. / Mortality in people with spinal cord injury is three times higher than in the overall population. Cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent one affecting these individuals, occurring increasingly at an earlier age. With the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, physical inactivity is an important and modifiable aspect for this population. The quadriplegic group is the one showing the larger physical impairment. Due to the lower volunteer muscle recruitment, therapeutic possibilities for cardiorespiratory conditioning are limited. Among the therapeutic alternatives is the computadorized functional electric stimulation - CFES. This study aimed to compare the effects of ergometric training over the conditioning of the muscles of quadriplegic patients, stimulated by electric current, once and three times a week, for six months of training. Fourteen quadriplegic male adults were divided randomly into two groups, performing the training in the different treatment frequencies. Mechanical work varialble was assessed throughout each treatment session. The statistical analysis was performed by Bayesian Inference. The study\'s observations indicate that the musculoskeletal performance of those in the three times a week treatment may be better than of those in the lower frequency group. The variability of the performance found with longitudinal studies suggests broader intervention protocols.

During inpatient rehabilitation, arm-ergometry training is utilized to improve the physical capacity of patients with a sub-acute spinal cord injury (SCI) to a level that is desirable for performing activities of daily living (ADLs). Previous work has demonstrated that ≥ 20 minutes of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) during inpatient rehabilitation, at a frequency of ≥ 3 times per week, is useful for increasing the physical capacity of these patients. However, considering that inpatient rehabilitation is an intensive program, and given the trend towards a shortened length of stay during inpatient rehabilitation, performing MICT on the arm-ergometer can consume a valuable amount of therapy time. Low-volume sprint interval training (SIT) is a time-efficient alternative to MICT for improving indices of physical fitness in healthy and diseased populations. To date, however, there are no published studies comparing SIT to MICT in persons with sub-acute SCI undergoing inpatient rehabilitation.The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the efficacy of a five-week, thrice weekly low-volume SIT protocol on the arm-ergometer and compare fitness outcomes to traditional MICT in patients with sub-acute SCI undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. Participants with sub-acute SCI undergoing inpatient rehabilitation were recruited and randomly allocated to the SIT or MICT training group. Both types of training utilized the same 2 min. warm-up and 3 min. cool-down. SIT consisted of 3 x 20 sec. “all-out” cycle sprints (≥ 100% of peak power output [POpeak]), interspersed with 2 min. of low activerecovery (≈ 10% of POpeak; total time commitment, 10 mins). MICT involved 20 min. of arm cycling (45 – 60% of POpeak; total time commitment, 25 mins). SIT elicited a higher relativheart rate response, and ratings of perceived exertion than MICT. Following training, we found similar improvements in maximal and sub-maximal physical capacity across groups. Both exercise modes were equally well tolerated, and enjoyable, and there were no differences in self-efficacy across groups. The significance of this work is that it is the first randomized-controlled trial comparing SIT to MICT on the arm-ergometer in individuals with sub-acute SCI undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. The fact that SIT is palatable and can promote similar increases in physical capacity as MICT, despite less than half the time commitment and training volume, means that clinical rehabilitation specialists can now offer a new, more time-efficient, exercise training strategy to elicit improvements in their patients. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

As oscilações dos intervalos entre batimentos cardíacos consecutivos, denominadas variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), são um fenômeno esperado durante a realização de exercícios físicos, cuja relação com o sistema nervoso autônomo permite estimar correlações entre o sistema respiratório e circulatório. O objetivo desse trabalho é verificar as possíveis correlações entre os limiares obtidos pelo ergoespirômetro (LV1 e LV2) e a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, através do gráfico de Poincaré no domínio do tempo e do modelo Autorregressivo no domínio tempo-frequencial, durante a realização de exercício físico progressivo máximo. Foram coletados os volumes expirados (?V CO2, ?V O2 e ?VE) e também os intervalos R-R de 17 corredores, divididos em treinamento regular (9 indivíduos; idade: 33, 3±10, 0 anos; peso: 72, 7±6, 3 kg; altura: 177, 2±7, 0 cm; vel. treino: 4, 3±0, 6 min/km) e em treinamento irregular (8 indivíduos; idade: 34, 6 ± 9, 0 anos; peso: 72, 6 ± 10, 0 kg; altura: 170, 6 ± 9.9 cm; vel. treino: 5, 3 ± 0, 6 min/km). A série R-R foi filtrada para retirar batimentos ectópicos e, para a análise autorregressiva, foram reamostradas (4 Hz) e suavizadas (Butterworth 4a ordem, passa-banda). Para o Gráfico de Poincaré, três critérios foram avaliados: Crit. 1 - SD1 < 3 ms em cada estágio de velocidade, com valores obtidos a cada 4 min; Crit. 2 - SD1 < 3 ms ao longo de todo exercício, com valores obtidos a cada 1 min; Crit. 3 - diferença entre dois valores consecutivos de SD1, em cada estágio de velocidade, menor do que 1 ms. Os três critérios apresentaram dispersões razoáveis quando comparados ao LV1, porém o grupo de treinamento irregular demonstrou diferenças mais significativas que o grupo regular quando avaliados para (%V O2)E. No modelo autorregressivo, os parâmetros Low Frequency (LF) e High Frequency (HF) diminuíram consideravelmente após o início do exercício, sendo que a LF possui valores superiores. A análise tempo-frequencial ainda é um tópico pouco estudado na área de exercícios físicos, mas demonstra grande potencial para se obter correlações entre os limiares ventilatórios e a variabilidade, uma vez que pode-se representar a potência das bandas de frequência ao longo do tempo através do espectrograma. Conclui-se que a VFC é uma técnica promissora, mas necessita de maiores estudos quanto à regulação do sistema nervoso autônomo frente a resposta cardíaca, quando colocado em uma situação de estresse como o exercício físico. / Fluctuations of the intervals between consecutive heart beats, called heart rate variability (HRV), are an expected phenomenon during physical exercises, whose relationship with the autonomic nervous system allows to estimate correlations between the respiratory and circulatory systems. The aim of this study is to assess the possible correlations between the ventilatory thresholds obtained by ergospirometer (LV1 and LV2) with the heart rate variability, through the Poincaré plot in the time domain and Autoregressive model in the time-frequency domain during maximal progressive exercise. The expired volumes (?V CO2, ?V O2 e ?VE) and the R-R intervals were collected for 17 runners, divided into regular training (9 subjects; age: 33, 3±10, 0 years; weight: 72, 7±6, 3 kg; height: 177, 2±7, 0 cm; training speed: 4, 3±0, 6 min/km) and irregular training (8 subjects; age: 34, 6±9, 0 years; weight: 72, 6 ± 10, 0 kg; height: 170, 6 ± 9.9 cm; training speed: 5, 3 ± 0, 6 min/km). The R-R series was filtered to remove ectopic beats and, for autoregressive analysis, were re-sampled (4 Hz) and smoothed (Butterworths 4a order, bandpass). For the Poincaré plot, three criteria were evaluated: Crit. 1 - SD1 < 3 ms at each stage of velocity, with values obtained every 4 min; Crit. 2 - SD1 < 3 ms throughout the exercise, with values obtained every 1 min; Crit. 3 - difference between two consecutive values of SD1, at each speed stage, less than 1 ms. The three criteria presented reasonable dispersions when compared to LV1, but the irregular training group showed more significant differences than the regular group when evaluated for (%V O2)E. In the autoregressive model, the Low Frequency (LF) and High Frequency (HF) parameters decreased considerably after the beginning of the exercise, and the LF had higher values. The time-frequency analysis is still a understudied topic in the of physical exercises, but it shows great potential to obtain correlations between ventilatory thresholds and variability, since it is possible to represent the power of the frequency bands over time through the spectrogram. It is concluded that HRV is a promising technique, but it needs more studies regarding the regulation of the autonomic nervous system against the cardiac response when placed in a stress situation such as physical exercise.

As oscilações dos intervalos entre batimentos cardíacos consecutivos, denominadas variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), são um fenômeno esperado durante a realização de exercícios físicos, cuja relação com o sistema nervoso autônomo permite estimar correlações entre o sistema respiratório e circulatório. O objetivo desse trabalho é verificar as possíveis correlações entre os limiares obtidos pelo ergoespirômetro (LV1 e LV2) e a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, através do gráfico de Poincaré no domínio do tempo e do modelo Autorregressivo no domínio tempo-frequencial, durante a realização de exercício físico progressivo máximo. Foram coletados os volumes expirados (?V CO2, ?V O2 e ?VE) e também os intervalos R-R de 17 corredores, divididos em treinamento regular (9 indivíduos; idade: 33, 3±10, 0 anos; peso: 72, 7±6, 3 kg; altura: 177, 2±7, 0 cm; vel. treino: 4, 3±0, 6 min/km) e em treinamento irregular (8 indivíduos; idade: 34, 6 ± 9, 0 anos; peso: 72, 6 ± 10, 0 kg; altura: 170, 6 ± 9.9 cm; vel. treino: 5, 3 ± 0, 6 min/km). A série R-R foi filtrada para retirar batimentos ectópicos e, para a análise autorregressiva, foram reamostradas (4 Hz) e suavizadas (Butterworth 4a ordem, passa-banda). Para o Gráfico de Poincaré, três critérios foram avaliados: Crit. 1 - SD1 < 3 ms em cada estágio de velocidade, com valores obtidos a cada 4 min; Crit. 2 - SD1 < 3 ms ao longo de todo exercício, com valores obtidos a cada 1 min; Crit. 3 - diferença entre dois valores consecutivos de SD1, em cada estágio de velocidade, menor do que 1 ms. Os três critérios apresentaram dispersões razoáveis quando comparados ao LV1, porém o grupo de treinamento irregular demonstrou diferenças mais significativas que o grupo regular quando avaliados para (%V O2)E. No modelo autorregressivo, os parâmetros Low Frequency (LF) e High Frequency (HF) diminuíram consideravelmente após o início do exercício, sendo que a LF possui valores superiores. A análise tempo-frequencial ainda é um tópico pouco estudado na área de exercícios físicos, mas demonstra grande potencial para se obter correlações entre os limiares ventilatórios e a variabilidade, uma vez que pode-se representar a potência das bandas de frequência ao longo do tempo através do espectrograma. Conclui-se que a VFC é uma técnica promissora, mas necessita de maiores estudos quanto à regulação do sistema nervoso autônomo frente a resposta cardíaca, quando colocado em uma situação de estresse como o exercício físico. / Fluctuations of the intervals between consecutive heart beats, called heart rate variability (HRV), are an expected phenomenon during physical exercises, whose relationship with the autonomic nervous system allows to estimate correlations between the respiratory and circulatory systems. The aim of this study is to assess the possible correlations between the ventilatory thresholds obtained by ergospirometer (LV1 and LV2) with the heart rate variability, through the Poincaré plot in the time domain and Autoregressive model in the time-frequency domain during maximal progressive exercise. The expired volumes (?V CO2, ?V O2 e ?VE) and the R-R intervals were collected for 17 runners, divided into regular training (9 subjects; age: 33, 3±10, 0 years; weight: 72, 7±6, 3 kg; height: 177, 2±7, 0 cm; training speed: 4, 3±0, 6 min/km) and irregular training (8 subjects; age: 34, 6±9, 0 years; weight: 72, 6 ± 10, 0 kg; height: 170, 6 ± 9.9 cm; training speed: 5, 3 ± 0, 6 min/km). The R-R series was filtered to remove ectopic beats and, for autoregressive analysis, were re-sampled (4 Hz) and smoothed (Butterworths 4a order, bandpass). For the Poincaré plot, three criteria were evaluated: Crit. 1 - SD1 < 3 ms at each stage of velocity, with values obtained every 4 min; Crit. 2 - SD1 < 3 ms throughout the exercise, with values obtained every 1 min; Crit. 3 - difference between two consecutive values of SD1, at each speed stage, less than 1 ms. The three criteria presented reasonable dispersions when compared to LV1, but the irregular training group showed more significant differences than the regular group when evaluated for (%V O2)E. In the autoregressive model, the Low Frequency (LF) and High Frequency (HF) parameters decreased considerably after the beginning of the exercise, and the LF had higher values. The time-frequency analysis is still a understudied topic in the of physical exercises, but it shows great potential to obtain correlations between ventilatory thresholds and variability, since it is possible to represent the power of the frequency bands over time through the spectrogram. It is concluded that HRV is a promising technique, but it needs more studies regarding the regulation of the autonomic nervous system against the cardiac response when placed in a stress situation such as physical exercise.

Theoretical part of this thesis is focused on a heart rate, especially its parameters, measurement methods and regulation. Moreover describes maximal heart rate issue. Practical part was performed as an experimental measurement of maximal heart rate level of 40 healthy adult probands (20 men and 20 women) between the ages of twenty and forty. Maximal heart rate was measured by telemetry meter FT4 Polar ® in 3 types of exercise tests - running, ergometer cycling and swimming. Results were statistically processed. Study confirmed significant differences in maximal heart rate during running, ergometer cycling and swimming. Highest heart rate was reached while running for 95% of measured volunteers and the lowest heart rate was reached during swimming for 98% of probands. The objective of this thesis was a comparison of reached heart rates during different exercise tests and highlight the evidence of dissimilar maximal heart rate during different exercises. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)