This thesis focuses on design of printed circuit board and programming of ESP32 module. This module communicates with discharging circuit which allows testing of battery properties. With help of voltage and current sensors it is possible to test and print results of battery on display. The testing device also allows control over web user interface thanks to ESP32.

Orientador: José Luiz Rybarczyk Filho / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir um dispositivo coletor de biopotenciais por EEG de baixo custo. Como características o protótipo apresentou alta imunidade a ruído, faixa de frequência de trabalho e tensão, seguindo as especificações necessárias para a coleta dos sinais EEG. O circuito eletrônico e o roteamento foram desenvolvidos no software Eagle R e então a placa foi construída pelo método fotográfico com posterior corrosão por percloreto de ferro e solda-gem manual dos componentes. O circuito montado é composto por: amplificadores diferenciais configurados com um ganho na ordem de 169,66, filtros de frequência intercalados e um mi-crocontrolador ESP32@ que munido de conversor analógico-digital foi configurado para uma amostragem de 356 amostras por segundo e resolução de 12 bits, o que possibilitou leituras com passos de 2,198x10-4 V. Os filtros foram projetados para atuar na redução de ruidos contidos na faixa de 50 a 60Hz. O funcionamento do dispositivo móvel microcontrolado teve seu funciona-mento comprovado através do método de detecção de ondas alfa, ondas estas que alteram suas intensidade quando nos encontramos concentrados com os olhos abertos ou fechados. A captura de ondas alfa compreendidas entre 8 a 13 Hz foi validada nas seguintes condições: 1 minuto com os olhos fechados (alta atividade) e 1 minuto com os olhos abertos (baixa atividade). O dispositivo produzido mostrou-se promissor como uma alternativa de baixo custo e com simpli-cidade de produção, qu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this work was to produce a low cost EEG biopotential collecting device. As characteristics the prototype presented high immunity to noise, working frequency range and voltage, following the specifications required for the collection of EEG signals. Electronic circuit and routing were developed in the Eagle R software and the plate was then constructed by the photographic method with subsequent iron perchloride corrosion and manual soldering of the components. The assembled circuit consists of: differential amplifiers configured with a gain of the order of 169.66, frequency filters interleaved and an ESP32 @ microcontroller which has an analog-to-digital converter configured for a sampling of 356 samples per second and resolution of 12 bits, which allowed for readings with steps of 2.198x10-4 V. The filters were designed to act in the reduction of noise contained in the range of 50 to 60Hz. The operation of the microcontrolled mobile device has proven its function through the method of detecting alpha waves, waves that change their intensity when we are concentrated with the eyes open or closed. The capture of alpha waves between 8 and 13 Hz was validated under the following conditions: 1 minute with eyes closed (high activity) and 1 minute with eyes open (low activity). The device produced was promising as a low-cost, simplified production alternative when compared to models available on the market for EEG signal capture. / Mestre

Home surveillance is a major concern in this day and age as with the rapid increase in the technology around us. There is a need to get updated with new possibilities to make our lives better and easy. Some cases and situations exhibit the need for home monitoring. So, we set out to discover a solution to this problem of home monitoring. Generally, we have issues with pets and kids alike such as approaching dangerous places like electric switches, stairs, and hot things. Not only a problem with kids and pets but also a chance of burglary and stranger's unusual activities. To overcome this problem we are designing and prototyping a system to keep an eye on kids, pets, and older people. This system is used in other applications like theft monitoring. The device can monitor the field all the time. In this way, this system helps in-home monitoring. The system consists of Arduino, which is the brain of the system, the PIR sensor, ESP32-CAM, and buzzer. The PIR sensor detects motion then gives input to the Arduino. Arduino gives output to the ESP32-CAM and buzzer. The ESP32-CAM can be activated and sends information to the user through the web Interface and the application. The user can see the video streaming on the PC screen or any other display. The buzzer can emit a high volume signal indicating that "there is an alert at the home".

The diploma thesis clarifies the issue of creating inscriptions on stone slabs. It describes some types of sensors, actuators, their physical principles and possibilities of their use. The work mentions the limitations and specifics of sandblasting, design solutions and implementation of equipment for patternless sandblasting.The functionality of the device is demonstrated and verified on illustrative examples.

This thesis describes the concept and  realization  of embedded system and cloud application, which is designed  for remote monitoring of car subsystems over CAN bus.    There are written several ways of getting information from car subsystems  and process of decoding messages sent over internal car bus.   Data gathering is realised by device based on ESP32, which is sending them to cloud application using wireless networks. Application UI is adapted for mobile devices and serves views containg current and historical gathered data.

This work deals with the design and implementation of Wi-Fi LED lighting. It consists of various modules - switches, buttons, single or multicolored light sources - and a central unit that provides mutual communication and automation. The result of the work is the design of a prototype and several modules, which are built on the basis of the microcontroller ESP32. Their utility is implemented in C++. The user interacts through the website. The main result of this thesis is a demonstration of the possibility of using Wi-Fi to control light sources and creating complex lighting using a combination of simple modules and rules.

Satellites are evolving around the globe, expanding our possibility to explore space and many other applications. This thesis project is a model satellite used for teaching purposes in the course IE120V Electronics and Programming for Space Applications provided at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The model can be used to teach Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in high school. The satellite is inspired by the MIniature Student saTellite (MIST) project carried out by the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and hence this project will be called ”MiniMIST.” The MiniMIST aims to perform functions carried out on practical satellites. The onboard computer performs real-time image capturing, reads temperature from the surroundings, and analyzes power from solar panels and the power supply (batteries). The ground station setup is used to communicate with the satellite (MiniMIST) and receive data to be viewed and analyzed. The ESP32-Wrover was used as the main computer to run the MiniMIST. It was programmed with MicroPython and C++. Client-server communication using HTTP protocol emulated the communication between the ground station and MiniMIST with Web-Server communication. The ground station is a web page programmed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript along with the AJAX framework. The thesis aims to build a working prototype of MiniMIST by dividing it into three sections: Hardware design, onboard computer software, and ground station software. / Satelliter utvecklas runt om i världen, vilket utökar vår möjlighet att utforska rymden och många andra applikationer. Detta examensarbete är en modellsatellit som används för undervisningsändamål i kursen IE120V Elektronik och programmering för rymdtillämpningar som ges vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Modellen kan användas för att lära ut naturvetenskap, teknik, ingenjörskap och matematik (STEM) på gymnasiet. Satelliten är inspirerad av projektet MIniature Student saTellite (MIST) som genomförts av Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, och därför kommer detta projekt att kallas ”MiniMIST”. MiniMIST syftar till att utföra funktioner som utförs på praktiska satelliter. Datorn ombord utför bildtagning i realtid, läser av temperatur från omgivningen och analyserar ström från solpaneler och strömförsörjningen (batterier). Markstationsinställningen används för att kommunicera med satelliten (MiniMIST) och ta emot data som ska ses och analyseras. ESP32-Wrover användes som huvuddator för att köra MiniMIST. Den programmerades med MicroPython och C++. Klient-serverkommunikation med hjälp av HTTP-protokoll emulerade kommunikationen mellan markstationen och MiniMIST med webbserverkommunikation. Markstationen är en webbsida programmerad med HTML, CSS och JavaScript tillsammans med AJAX-ramverket. Avhandlingen syftar till att bygga en fungerande prototyp av MiniMIST genom att dela upp den i tre sektioner: Hårdvarudesign, inbyggd datormjukvara och markstationsmjukvara.

Cell culture is a fundamental procedure in many laboratories and precedes much research performed under the microscope. Despite the significance of this procedural stage, the monitoring of cells throughout growth is impossible due to the absence of equipment and methodological approaches. This thesis presents a low-cost, power-effective and versatile microscope with small enough dimensions to operate inside an incubator. Besides image acquisition, the microscope comprises other functions such as a data pipeline, implemented to save the images on the user’s computer via a server whilst also offering storage of the images on an integrated micro SD-card. Furthermore, a machine learning algorithm with a human-in-the-loop approach has been trained to segment the acquired images for cell proliferation and cell apoptosis tracking, and yielded promising results with an accuracy of 94%. For comparison, conventional segmentation techniques using operations such as the watershed function were deployed.The microscope described is versatile in operation as it offers the user to utilise one or more functions, depending on the purpose of the imaging. / Cellodling är en grundläggande process i många laboratiorium och föregår forskning som utförs under mikroskop. Trots inkubationens betydelse har övervakning av celler i detta skede inte varit möjlig på grund utav avsaknaden av relevant utrustning och metodologiska tillvägagångsätt. I denna examensuppsatts på avancerad nivå presenteras ett lågkostnads-, energieffektivt och versatilt mikroskop av centimeterstora dimensioner anpassat för användning i en inkubator. Förutom bildtagningsmekanismer erbjuder mikroskopet olika funktioner som till exempel ett integrerat dataflöde som möjliggör sparande av bilder på användarens dator via en server samtidigt som den erbjuder sparande av bilder på ett integrerat minneskort.Utöver detta har en human-in-the-loop maskininlärningsalgoritm för segmentation av celler implementerats i syfte att övervaka cellernas celldelning och celldöd. Denna algoritm påvisade goda resultat med en nogrannhet på 94%. I jämförelsesyfte har även en traditionell watershed-baserad cellsegmenteringsteknik utvecklats.Mikroskopet kan kallas versatilt då det tillåter användaren att anpassa dataflödet och välja vilka funktioner denne vill nyttja, allt utefter bildtagningens ändamål.

A key component of biological research is cell culture technology, which allows researchersto examine the behavior and functionality of cells in controlled environments. Conventionalcell culture monitoring frequently necessitates taking the cultures out of their incubators tomake observations under a microscope. This exposes them to pollutants and changes in thesurrounding environment and may jeopardize the integrity of the experiment.This thesis presents the development of a cost-effective, miniaturized microscope designedfor imaging of cell cultures directly within incubators. By integrating simple, inexpensiveglass lenses and 3D-printed components and focusing on the ESP32-CAM module for digitalimaging, the project explores various optical setups to optimize image quality while minimizingdisruption to cell environments.Central to the research was the identification and testing of diverse optical configurations todetermine the most effective arrangement for both brightfield and fluorescence microscopy.The design features a baseplate for stability, a filter plate for fluorescence imaging, and afocus adjustment mechanism using magnets. Iterative enhancements led to a side illuminationtechnique using an economical LED, removing the need for a beamsplitter and simplifying theoptical path.The final microscope demonstrated successful brightfield imaging and weak fluorescenceimaging of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) II cell cultures marked with Green FluorescentProtein (GFP), using a magnification ratio of 2.5:1 through an infinity-corrected optical system.The findings illustrate the potential of developing an economical, functional microscope thatcan be readily replicated and scaled for use in cell culture technology. / En central del av biologisk forsking är användningen av cellkulturer, vilket tillåter forskare attutforska beeendet och funktionerna av celler i kontrollerade miljöer. Konventionell bevakning avcellkulturer kräver ofta att de tas ut från deras inkubatorer för att observeras under ett mikroskop.Detta kan utsätta dem för föroreningar och förändringar i omgivningen vilket kan äventyra helaexperimentet.Det här examensarbetet beskriver utvecklingen av ett kostnadseffektivt, miniatyriserat mikroskopanpassat för att avbilda cellkulturer inuti inkubatorer. Genom att integrera enkla, billigaglaslinser och 3D-printade komponenter, samt ESP32-CAM modulen för bildtagning, utforskardetta arbete olika optiska system för att optimera bildkvalitet och minimera störningar i cellernasmiljö.En väsentlig del av forskningen involverade identifiering och testning av olika optiska konfigurationerför att bestämma det mest effektiva arrangemanget för både brightfield- och fluorescensmikroskopi.Designen inkluderar en basplatta för stabilitet, en filterplatta för fluorescensavbildning ochen fokusjustering som utnyttjar magneter. Iterativa förbättringar ledde till utvecklingen av enbelysningsteknik med en billig LED, vilket tog bort behovet av en stråldelare och förenkladeden optiska banan.Det slutgiltiga mikroskopet uppvisade framgångsrik avbildning med brightfield och begränsadavbildning med fluorescens av MDCK II cellkulturer märkta med GFP. En förstoringsfaktor2.5:1 användes genom ett oändlighetskorrigerat optiskt system. Resultaten demonstrerar potentialenav att utveckla ett ekonomiskt och funktionellt mikroskop som kan replikeras för användninginom cellkulturforskning.

In life science practices, cell culturing is one of the most common procedures in biological experiments involving the use of microscopes. Cell cultures are typically viewed with a microscope to monitor changes after adjusting the environment for the cells or to intermittently supervise for cellular behavior. However, it is currently not possible to continuously monitor cellular behavior due to the absence of solutions for wireless control of a microscope to image cell cultures while maintaining the environment conducive to cell growth. This thesis provides a miniaturized, cost-effective and versatile microscope down-scaled enough to operate inside incubators. This versatility encompasses the ability to switch between bright-field mode and fluorescence mode, capture images in sequences, save said sequential images to a micro SD-card as well as enabling downloading of individual images to a local file manager. All these features are done through a user interface set up by either a local WiFi or access point from the microscope, making the operation possible through wireless connection. In addition, this thesis is a continuation of a previous thesis that was completed in the spring of 2023. The purpose of this thesis is to improve on the result of the main research question of the previous work. / Inom livsvetenskapliga metoder är cellodling en av de vanligaste procedurerna i biologiska experiment som involverar användning av mikroskop. Cellkulturer ses vanligtvis med ett mikroskop för att bevaka förändringar efter att ha ändrat miljön för cellerna eller för att intermittent övervaka cellulärt beteende. Men det är för närvarande inte möjligt att kontinuerligt övervaka cellulärt beteende på grund av avsaknaden av lösningar för trådlös kontroll av ett mikroskop för att avbilda cellkulturer samtidigt som miljön som främjar celltillväxt bibehålls. Detta examensarbete tillhandahåller ett miniatyriserat, kostnadseffektivt och mångfasetterat mikroskop, som är tillräckligt nedskalad för att fungera i inkubatorer. Denna mångsidighet omfattar möjligheten att växla mellan ljusfältsläge och fluorescensläge, ta bilder i sekvenser, spara nämnda sekventiella bilder på ett micro SD-kort samt ladda ner enskilda bilder till en lokal filhanterare. Alla dessa funktioner görs via ett användargränssnitt som ställs in av antingen ett lokalt WiFi eller accesspunkt från mikroskopet, vilket gör operationen möjlig via trådlös anslutning. Dessutom är detta examensarbete en fortsättning på ett tidigare examensarbete som avslutades våren 2023. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att förbättra resultatet på den huvudsakliga forskningsfrågan i det tidigare arbetet.