Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-21T15:12:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Camila Pinheiro Nobre.pdf: 2714138 bytes, checksum: bc436d879ddfded703d4d5fea9f9943c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T15:12:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Camila Pinheiro Nobre.pdf: 2714138 bytes, checksum: bc436d879ddfded703d4d5fea9f9943c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / The aim of this study was to observe the germination, production of glomalin and monitor development of species of mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the germplasm bank of Embrapa in root organ culture (ROC) of basil and bryophytes in vitro, analyzing their interaction with the hosts and the influence of the culture medium enriched with humic acids on fungal growth and bryophyte Lunularia cruciata. For this, some AMF species were selected and had their glomerospores extracted and subjected to surface disinfection process, placed in water-agar medium and temperature-controlled chamber to germinate. A germination test was conducted for 15 days, and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test applied to 5% probability. Species with germinated glomerospores (Gigaspora margarita, Glomus manihots, Scutellospora heterogama and Glomus proliferum) were placed in ROC of purple basil where they had their growth observed until 100 days after inoculation. Also as part of the characterization of AMF species it was quantified the level of glomalin in the samples of multiplication and the results were subjected to analysis of variance and Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. In the second chapter it was investigated the effect of mycorrhizal association in ROC of purple basil, and in the third chapter the influence of different concentrations of humic acid and association with growth of Lunularia cruciata (area and length). The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% probability. Scutellospora heterogama was the species with higher germination rates of glomerosporos, followed by Gigaspora margarita. The species of Glomus sporulated after formation of symbiosis. The amount of glomalin produced by different AMF was distinct, especially in total glomalin fraction. Different AMF species did not show difference in efficiency to promote development of Ocimum basilicum transformed roots. The growth of basil transformed roots in the MSR was extended from 15 days after inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. The usage of humic acids in the culture medium in concentrations of 20 and 80 mg CL-1 enhanced growth of bryophyte L. cruciata, and its association with mycorrhizal fungi, as well as promoted the highest number of spores of Gl. proliferum. The association L. cruciata and AMF was characterized as mutualistic, since both had advantages in growth and sporulation. Gigaspora margarita and Glomus proliferum increased growth of Lunularia cruciata. / O objetivo do trabalho foi observar a germina??o e produ??o de glomalina e acompanhar desenvolvimento de esp?cies de fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (FMA) do banco de germoplasma da Embrapa em ra?zes geneticamente modificadas de manjeric?o e em bri?fitas in vitro. Ainda, avaliar sua intera??o com os hospedeiros e a influ?ncia de meio de cultura enriquecido com ?cidos h?micos no crescimento do fungo e da bri?fita Lunularia cruciata. Para isso algumas esp?cies de FMAs foram selecionadas e tiveram seus glomerosporos extra?dos e submetidos ao processo de desinfesta??o superficial, colocados em meio Agar?gua e c?mara com temperatura controlada para germinar. Realizou-se teste de germina??o por 15 dias e os resultados foram submetidos a an?lise de vari?ncia e aplicado teste de Tukey ? 5% de probabilidade. Esp?cies com glomerosporos germinados (Gigaspora margarita, Glomus manihots, Scutellospora heterogama e Glomus proliferum) foram colocadas em ra?zes modificadas de manjeric?o roxo onde tiveram seu crescimento observado at? 100 dias ap?s a inocula??o. Ainda como parte da caracteriza??o de esp?cies de FMAs foi realizado a quantifica??o dos teores de glomalina nas amostras de multiplica??o sendo os resultados submetidos a an?lise de vari?ncia e aplicado teste de Scott-Knott ? 5% de probabilidade. No segundo cap?tulo foi verificado o efeito da associa??o FMAs em ra?zes modificadas de manjeric?o roxo e no terceiro cap?tulo a influ?ncia da associa??o ?cido h?mico em diferentes concentra??es, bri?fita Lunularia cruciata (?rea e comprimento) e FMAs. Os resultados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Scutellospora heterogama foi a esp?cie com maiores taxas de germina??o de glomerosporos, seguida da Gigaspora margarita. As esp?cies de Glomus esporularam logo ap?s a forma??o da simbiose. A quantidade de glomalina produzida pelos diferentes FMAs foi distinta, em especial na fra??o glomalina total. As diferentes esp?cies de FMAs n?o apresentaram distin??o na efici?ncia de promover o desenvolvimento das ra?zes transformadas de Ocimum basilicum. O crescimento de ra?zes transformadas de manjeric?o em meio MSR foi ampliado a partir dos 15 dias ap?s a inocula??o de fungos micorr?zicos. O uso de ?cidos h?micos no meio de cultura em concentra??es de 20 e 80 mg C.L-1 incrementou o crescimento da bri?fita Lunularia cruciata e sua associa??o com fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares, assim como promoveram a maior esporula??o de Gl. proliferum. A associa??o Lunularia cruciata e FMAs foi caracterizada como mutualista j? que ambos apresentaram benef?cios em crescimento e esporula??o. Gigaspora margarita e Glomus proliferum promoveram maior crescimento de Lunularia cruciata.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-28T19:19:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Fernanda Corr?a de Souza.pdf: 1439461 bytes, checksum: 2ae132a0a7316575d458f10db44101a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T19:19:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Fernanda Corr?a de Souza.pdf: 1439461 bytes, checksum: 2ae132a0a7316575d458f10db44101a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-08 / CAPES / CNPq / FAPERJ / The tomato crop is subject to attack by diseases of different etiologies, especially the gray leaf spot, caused by Stemphylium sp., which infects the aerial part of the plant and has shown higher incidences and losses in growing areas in recent years. Despite the disease importance, few studies are developed to elucidate the aspects of epidemiology and control of the disease. The use of trials involving pathogen inoculations is essential for carrying out these studies, which requires efficient methods of in vitro multiplication. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of some factors applied during incubation on the mycelial growth and sporulation of the pathogen under controlled conditions. Different culture media (V8 juice agar, tomato juice, PDA, oat, carrot, corn flour, tomato leaf and V8+PDA), temperature (25?C; 25+10?C; 25+15?C; 25+20?C; 25/10?C; 25/15?C; 25/20?C), photoperiods (day/night, respectively, of 0h/24h, 4h/20, 6h/18h, 8h/16h and 12h/12h), luminosity (cool white lamps and black light lamps) and stress types applied to the colony (scratching and UV) were tested. Promising factors were determinate and, after this, the virulence of conidia obtained on the selected system was evaluated. Results indicated the tomato juice and V8 juice agar more favorable for growth and sporulation, respectively. The temperature of 25?C continuous favored mycelial growth and alternation of 25?C (day) and 10?C (night) the sporulation. The growth was more stimulated by 12h light/ 12h dark of photoperiod and the sporulation was higher 6h light/ 18h dark. The different light sources had influence on sporulation and cool white lamps were the most stimulating. Not stressed colonies had better results in conidia production. Thus, the suggested protocol in this study consisted in incubation in V8 juice agar media, alternately temperature of 25?C (day) and 10?C (night), 12h light / 12 h dark photoperiod. The produced conidia in this methodology showed great capacity of infection on tomato plants. / A cultura do tomate est? sujeita ao ataque de doen?as de diferentes etiologias, com destaque para a mancha-de-estenf?lio, causada por Stemphylium sp., que infecta a parte a?rea da planta e tem apresentado maiores incid?ncias e perdas nas ?reas de cultivo nos ?ltimos anos. Apesar da import?ncia desta doen?a, s?o poucos os estudos realizados visando esclarecer aspectos da epidemiologia e controle da doen?a. Para realiza??o desses trabalhos ? fundamental o uso de ensaios que envolvam inocula??es do pat?geno o que requer m?todos eficientes de sua multiplica??o in vitro. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a influ?ncia de alguns fatores sobre o crescimento micelial e esporula??o do pat?geno em condi??es controladas. Diferentes meios de cultura (V8, suco de tomate, BDA, aveia, cenoura, farinha de milho, folha de tomate e V8+BDA), temperatura (25 ?C, 25+10 ?C, 25+15 ?C, 25+20 ?C, 25/10 ?C, 25/15 ?C; 25/20 ?C), fotoper?odo (luz/escuro respectivamente, 0h/24h, 4h/20h, 6h/18h, 8h/16h e 12/12h), luminosidade (l?mpadas brancas frias e l?mpadas de luz negra) e tipos de estresse aplicado ? col?nia (raspagem e comprimento de onda) foram testados. Ap?s a determina??o das melhores combina??es de temperatura, fonte de luz e fotoper?odo avaliou-se a virul?ncia dos con?dios obtidos no sistema selecionado. Os resultados indicaram o meio suco de tomate e V8 como os mais favor?veis ao crescimento e esporula??o respectivamente. A temperatura de 25 ?C cont?nuos favoreceu o crescimento micelial e a altern?ncia de 25 ?C (diurno) e 10 ?C (noturno) a esporula??o. O fotoper?odo 12h luz/12h escuro foi o que mais estimulou o crescimento, j? para esporula??o o estimulo foi maior quando foi oferecido 6h luz/18h escuro. As diferentes fontes de luz utilizadas tiveram influ?ncia marcante na esporula??o, sendo as l?mpadas brancas frias as mais estimulantes. As col?nias que n?o sofreram estresse obtiveram melhores resultados na produ??o de con?dios. Dessa forma, o protocolo sugerido neste trabalho consistiu de inocula??o em meio V8, temperatura alternada de 25 ?C (diurno) e 10 ?C (noturno), fotoper?odo de 6 horas de luz branca/18 horas de escuro. Os con?dios produzidos nesta metodologia apresentam grande capacidade de infec??o de plantas de tomateiro.