Essa tese é dedicada ao estudo do romance Essa Terra, do escritor Antônio Torres, que dramatiza o conflito entre as expectativas positivas em relação ao progresso e o modo como este se impõe com violência gerando crises agudas, sofrimento, loucura e morte. O desfecho da trajetória de Nelo, personagem que depois de vinte anos vivendo em São Paulo retorna à terra natal e se suicida, suscita uma série de indagações acerca do sentido do processo social do qual a migração é momento. Mais do que uma leitura temática, propomos examinar na construção formal do romance alguns aspectos que lhe imprimem uma configuração trágica, e permitem apreender a complexidade da experiência que ele formaliza, bem como os vínculos dessa experiência com um processo mais geral de formação da sociabilidade capitalista, considerando a particularidade que esse processo assume na formação nacional brasileira. Esse exame se concentra nas estratégias narrativas mobilizadas para a construção da trama, identificando e acompanhando um movimento gradual de aproximação do narrador Totonhim com os personagens do irmão, do pai e da mãe, por meio do qual podemos reconhecer a posição implicada do personagem que narra, de modo a redimensionar os conflitos que ele apresenta a partir da posição fixa dos outros personagens e daquilo que eles personificam. Esse movimento permite abarcar o modo como os personagens vivenciam esses conflitos tanto externa quanto internamente, configurando uma experiência que podemos reconhecer como trágica à medida que recompomos os vínculos entre sua dimensão pessoal e social. Destacamos, em especial, a presença da culpa para examinar de que modo o romance dramatiza a constituição fetichista do sujeito moderno, ao mesmo tempo dotado e destituído de autonomia, aspecto que nos parece decisivo para apreender a especificidade da forma de dominação capitalista e da experiência trágica que nos é contemporânea. / This thesis studied the novel Essa Terra, written by Antonio Torres, which dramatizes the conflict between positive expectations regarding progress and the violent way it imposes itself, creating sharp crises, suffering, craziness and death. The outcome of Nelo\'s path, a character who after had lived twenty years in São Paulo city returns back home and commits suicide, raises a series of issues around the meaning of the social process of which migration is a moment. Rather than a thematic understanding of the novel, we proposed ourselves to examine, regarding its formal construction, some aspects that impress a tragic configuration to it and allow us to grasp the complex experience it formalizes, as the relations between this experience and the more general process of the capitalist society formation. To do that we have also to consider the particularities in the process of the Brazilian national formation. This examination concentrates itself in the narrative strategies that are mobilized to construct the plot. Thus we identified and followed a gradual movement of approximation of the narrator Totonhim with the characters of his brother, father and mother, through which we can grasp the involved position of the character that narrates the story, in such a manner that allows us to reframe the conflicts that he presents in relation with the fixed position of the \"other\" characters and from that that they represents. This movement allows us to grasp the way the characters experience these conflicts, either externally either internally speaking, creating an experience we can recognize as tragical, as soon as we find the links between its personal and its social dimensions. We highlight, with special emphasis, the presence of guiltiness to examine how the novel dramatizes the fetishist constitution of the modern subject, at the same time this subject has and does not have autonomy, a determinant aspect for us to be able to grasp the specificity of the capitalist form of domination and the tragical experience that is contemporary to us.

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was first passed in 1965 and has since been reauthorized several times, including as No Child Left Behind in 2001 and the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015. The ESEA seeks to address the needs of low-income students; however, decades of reform efforts and government reports documenting inequality have done little to close gaps in educational resources or outcomes for marginalized groups. Accountability systems based on standardized testing are seen by policymakers on the Left and Right as the best way to improve education for marginalized groups, improve students’ economic preparedness, hold schools accountable for the funds they spend, and maintain an objective meritocracy. This paper argues that testing is a flawed tool to achieve the goal of education equality as accountability systems rely on flawed assumptions influenced by conservative and neoliberal economic ideologies.

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) has replaced No Child Left Behind (NCLB), and many changes were made to offer more flexibility for English language learners (ELLs). Historically, teachers have not been well informed of the changes made to the specific requirements of educational policy despite being at the frontline to implement these changes in their classrooms. This mixed methods study includes the development of a comprehensive online survey to investigate how aware Indiana teachers are of the ESSA specific requirements for ELLs and the results of the survey completed by 46 teachers. For the analysis of the survey data, both statistical analysis and visual analytics were employed. Findings suggest that the teachers were not highly informed of the specific requirements of ESSA for ELLs, as well as were not adequately prepared to teach and assess ELLs under ESSA. Accordingly, very few teachers reported that they have made changes to their classroom instruction and assessment practices that would be beneficial for ELLs under ESSA. This study reiterates that the effectiveness of federal educational policy should be examined at the classroom level and suggests that the first step should be to clearly inform the classroom teachers by offering district level professional development, which includes a summary of the changes resulting from NCLB to ESSA. The study further highlights that without informing Indiana teachers of the changes made in federal educational policies, the shift from NCLB to ESSA will be nothing more than a renaming of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Hence, the study underlines that only when these changes are implemented at the classroom level through teachers, all students, including ELLs, will benefit from these new policy changes under ESSA.

ARAÚJO, Alessandra Oliveira. Trajetórias juvenis nas ondas da rádio-escola. 2008. 190f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2008. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-03T13:32:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_AOAraujo.pdf: 676768 bytes, checksum: d22d678d90f4305d0307700dcb7193b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-20T11:17:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_AOAraujo.pdf: 676768 bytes, checksum: d22d678d90f4305d0307700dcb7193b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-20T11:17:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_AOAraujo.pdf: 676768 bytes, checksum: d22d678d90f4305d0307700dcb7193b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / In this master thesis I analyze the experience of twenty and nine young inhabitants of Mucuripe, Castelo Encantado and Serviluz (Fortaleza’s quarters), that had precociously entered in the informal work, of biograph themselves producing radio programs, during the school-radio formation developed for the ONG Catavento Comunicação e Educação, in 2005 and 2006, through the project Hold That Wave: school-radio in the sociocultural management of learning. During the research, I perceived that the programs produced for the young participants of the formation in school-radio were stories about their lives, their contexts, their dreams and fears. Taking as base Paulo Freire (1983, 1985, 1996, 2002) to speech on the relation between action-reflection-action, I started analyzing how that narrative could contribute to them made a reflective work about their lives, how to speak about their interest subjects could contribute to them construct a new image about youth and about themselves and how communicating their experiences would be a form of revisiting them and assuming an authorial position of their lives, their histories and the histories of the world. I’ve chosen a program produced in 2006, in which young people tell the period when they had worked, to make deeper the analysis of the group and, with the objective of incorporating the singularities of young people’s history, I’ve developed a field research in which three young participants of the workshops in school-radio had made the narrative about the experiences that made them the young people they are today. For this, I used the procedures and beddings of the research (auto) biographical, developed for authors like Marie-Christine Josso (2004), Gaston Pineau (2006), Ferrarotti Franc (1988), Jorge Larrosa (2002, 2003, 2004) and Christine Delory-Momberger (2006). The boarding says that we form ourselves, but we also deform and conform ourselves, by our experiences and that when telling, when communicating our histories we are reflecting about the lived and becoming the authors of our lives. That way, I take as base the argument of Jesus Martín-Barbero (2001, 2002, 2008), that develops the communication category as the mediation between our experiences and the meanings they go acquiring interchanging them, to make a relation between the communication and the research (auto) biographical that, beyond being a research methodology, it is also a formation. / Nesta dissertação analiso a experiência de vinte e nove jovens moradores do Mucuripe, Castelo Encantado e Serviluz (bairros da periferia de Fortaleza), que haviam entrado no trabalho informal precocemente, de biografar-se ao produzir programas de rádio, durante a formação em rádio-escola desenvolvida pela ONG Catavento Comunicação e Educação, em 2005 e 2006, por meio do projeto Segura Essa Onda: rádio-escola na gestão sociocultural da aprendizagem. Durante a pesquisa, percebi que os programas produzidos pelos jovens participantes da formação em rádio-escola eram relatos de suas vidas, de seus contextos, de seus sonhos e medos. Tomando como base Paulo Freire (1983,1985,1996, 2002) ao falar sobre a relação entre ação-reflexão-ação, passei a analisar como essa narrativa poderia contribuir para que fizessem um trabalho reflexivo sobre suas vidas, como falar sobre seus assuntos de interesse poderia contribuir para que construíssem uma nova imagem da juventude e deles mesmos e como comunicar suas experiências seria uma forma de revisitá-las e de assumir uma postura autoral de suas vidas, de suas histórias e das histórias do mundo. Escolhi um programa produzido em 2006, em que os jovens relatam o período em que trabalharam, para aprofundar a análise do grupo e, com o objetivo de incorporar as singularidades das histórias dos jovens, desenvolvi uma pesquisa de campo em que três jovens participantes das oficinas em rádio-escola fizeram a narrativa das experiências que os levaram a ser os jovens que são hoje. Para isso, utilizei os procedimentos e fundamentos da pesquisa (auto)biográfica, desenvolvida por autores como Marie-Christine Josso (2004), Gaston Pineau (2006), Franco Ferrarotti (1988), Jorge Larrosa (2002, 2003, 2004) e Christine Delory-Momberger (2006). A abordagem diz que nos formamos, mas também nos deformamos e nos conformamos, pelas nossas experiências e que ao narrar, ao comunicar, nossas histórias, estamos refletindo sobre o vivido e nos tornando autores de nossas vidas. Dessa forma, tomo como base a argumentação de Jesús Martín-Barbero (2001, 2002, 2008), que desenvolve a categoria comunicação como a mediação entre as nossas experiências e os sentidos que elas vão adquirindo ao intercambiá-las, para fazer uma relação entre a comunicação e a pesquisa (auto) biográfica que, além de ser uma metodologia de pesquisa, é, também de formação.

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