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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

A three layer quasi 3D finite element model for structural analysis of sandwich plates.

Airton Nabarrete 00 December 2002 (has links)
A three-layer finite element model for the analysis of sandwich plates with laminated composite face-sheets is evaluated. In the model, the face-sheets are represented as Reissner-Mindlin plates and the core is modeled as a three-dimensional continuum. This representation allows accurate modeling for a wide range of core types. The three-dimensional problem is reduced to two dimensions by analytical through-thickness integration of the energy expressions for the evaluation of elastic and geometric stiffness, and mass matrices. The results from this model are compared to finite element results based on solid elements, laminated Reissner-Mindlin, and laminated classical plate theory. The objective of the work is to analyze the following aspects of sandwich plates using the developed model for a broad range of core stiffness: natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes, critical buckling loads, stress stiffening effects, and the dynamic analysis including piezoelectric actuation on the face-sheets. When large differences between face-sheet and core stiffness is present it is illustrated that traditional laminate theories yield significant inaccuracy. Moreover, unlike plate models, the present theory is also capable of representing a variety of three dimensional boundary conditions. Furthermore, compared to solid models, the present sandwich model avoids numerical problems due to three dimensional element aspect ratio that facilitates modeling sandwich plates with thin faces and thick core. Therefore, the present model provides a powerful general tool for a wide variety of structural analyses of sandwich plates.
12

Obtenção e caracterização de sacaffolds de hidroxiapatita a partir do método sol-gel. / Obtaining and characterizing hydroxyapatite sacaffolds from the sol-gel method.

BARBOSA, Williams Teles. 16 April 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-16T19:44:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WILLIAMS TELES BARBOSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 2309358 bytes, checksum: 60fe4478ffb44784348a9ae62c055d89 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T19:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WILLIAMS TELES BARBOSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 2309358 bytes, checksum: 60fe4478ffb44784348a9ae62c055d89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Capes / Biocerâmicas porosas são utilizadas para fornecer local onde o tecido ósseo possa crescer e fixar o implante biologicamente. A hidroxiapatita [HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] é um fosfato de cálcio que tem recebido atenção considerável nas últimas duas décadas como material de implante. Devido à sua ocorrência natural no tecido ósseo, os fosfatos de cálcio possuem boas propriedades de biocompatibilidade e osteocondução, tornando-a um dos biomateriais mais promissores na fabricação de scaffolds para a engenharia de tecido ósseo. O objetivo do presente trabalho centrou-se no desenvolvimento e otimização de estruturas tridimensionais porosas a base de HA combinando o método Sol-Gel e a réplica da esponja de poliuretano (PU), permitindo uma interconectividade e distribuição variada dos poros. Os scaffolds desenvolvidos foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Difração de Raios X (DRX), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia por Energia Dispersiva de Raios X (EDS), Análise Termogravimétrica (TG), Porosidade, Ensaio de Compressão. Os resultados de FTIR apresentaram as bandas características da HA. A técnica de DRX revelou a presença da fase cristalina de HA (95%), como também em menor quantidade o α-Fosfato Tricálcico (2,5%). As análises por MEV revelaram scaffolds com poros interconectados com tamanhos de poros variando entre 50µm a 200μm e o EDS detectou a presença dos elementos químicos característicos da HA, como o Cálcio e o Fósforo. Os resultados de TG permitiram confirmar que as curvas de temperatura utilizadas no processo de sinterização, são eficientes para a queima da esponja, obtendo-se somente uma fase inorgânica de apatita. Os scaffolds apresentaram uma porosidade total de aproximadamente 75% e resistência à compressão variando de 3,13 a 4,86 MPa. Diante dos resultados obtidos foi possível produzir scaffolds de apatita através da metodologia Sol-Gel e combinação com a metodologia de replica de esponja porosa, com características que devem permitir a regeneração óssea. / Porous bioceramics are used to provide location where the bone tissue can grow and biologically fixing the implant. Hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] is a calcium phosphate which has received considerable attention over the past two decades as an implant material. Due to its naturally occurring in bone tissue, the calcium phosphate has good biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties, making it one of the most promising biomaterials in the manufacture of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The objective of this work was the development and optimization of porous three-dimensional structures composed of HA, combining sol-gel method with the replica of a polyurethane foam, allowing interconnectivity and scattered distribution of pores. The developed scaffolds were characterized by Fourier Transform in the Infrared Region (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Porosity Tests and Compression Tests. The FTIR results showed the characteristic bands of the hydroxyapatite. The XRD technique revealed the presence of a crystalline phase belonging to hydroxyapatite (97,5%), and to a lesser extent the α-Tricalcium Phosphate (2,5%). Analysis by SEM revealed scaffolds with interconnected pores which had sizes ranging from 50μm to 200μm and EDS detected the presence of specific chemical elements of hydroxyapatite such as Calcium and Phosphorus. TG results allowed to confirm that the temperature curves used in the sintering process, is effective for burning of the sponge, yielding only an inorganic phase of apatite. The scaffolds showed a porosity of about 75% and compressive moduli ranging from 3.13 to 4.86 MPa. Based on these results, it was possible to produce scaffolds of HA by Sol-Gel method in combination with replica of a polyurethane foam, with attributes for bone regeneration.
13

Estruturas tridimensionais fabricadas a partir de esferas quitosana/hidroxiapatita para regeneração óssea.

DANTAS, Maria Jucélia Lima. 15 June 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-15T19:48:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA JUCÉLIA LIMA DANTAS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPG-CEMat) 2016.pdf: 3511044 bytes, checksum: c308b22312ce9f189d694fc843ba74af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T19:48:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA JUCÉLIA LIMA DANTAS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPG-CEMat) 2016.pdf: 3511044 bytes, checksum: c308b22312ce9f189d694fc843ba74af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Capes / Estruturas tridimensionais são ferramentas bastante atrativas para a engenharia de tecidos, mimetizado fisicamente a matrix extracelular natural que atuam como suportes para o desenvolvimento celular. O objetivo do trabalho foi produzir estruturas tridimensionais biodegradáveis de quitosana-hidroxiapatitagelatina (CS/HA/G) com diferentes quantidades de HA e avaliar suas propriedades e comportamento in vitro. As estruturas tridimensionais foram produzidas em duas etapas. Numa primeira etapa foram obtidas esferas de CS contendo diferentes quantidades de HA de baixa cristalinidade (20, 50 e 70 % m/m). A HA de baixa cristalinidade foi gerada in situ no interior das esferas de CS. Para isso foi precipitado CaHPO4 em uma dissolução de CS e a suspensão resultante foi conformada na forma de esferas mediante gotejamento em dissolução de Na5P3O10 (TPP) com pH 8-9. As esferas precipitadas foram mantidas sob agitação nesta solução para conseguir a reticulação da CS e a transformação do CaHPO4 em HA, e finalmente liofilizadas. Para a obtenção das estruturas tridimensionais, as esferas de CS HA foram aglutinadas mediante impregnação com dissolução aquecida (40°C) de 5 % de G, arrefecimento até -18°C e liofilização. As esferas foram caracterizadas mediante microscopia ótica (MO), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difração de raios X (DRX), análises termogravimétricas (TG) e espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV). E as estruturas tridimensionais por Porosidade, Grau de Intumescimento (GI), propriedade mecânica de resistência à comrpressão via seco e úmido. O diâmetro médio das esferas segundo os resultados de MO foi de 2,6 ± 0,22mm e 2,8± 0,28mm para CS-HA 20% e CS-HA50%,respectivamente. Já as partículas de CS-HA70% apresentaram diâmetro médio de 3,9± 0,37mm tendo sua morfologia e porosidade superficial variou com o conteúdo de HA. A presença de HA de baixa cristalinidade no interior das esferas foi confirmada pelos resultados DRX e IV. Nas imagens de MEV foi possível observar que os cristais de HA estão homogeneamente dispersos no interior das esferas. Os resultados de TG revelaram boa concordância entre as quantidades de HA projetadas e as realmente obtidas nas esferas. Os resultados das estruturas tridimensionais indicam influência pelas diferentes concentrações de hidroxiapatita. Com o aumento na fração cerâmica observa-se a densificação da superfície, uma pequena diminuição da porosidade e no grau de intumescimento, como também um aumento no modulo de elasticidade via seca e uma pequena diminuição nas propriedades mecânicas via úmido, causado pelo intumescimento da estrutura. O compósito que apresentou resultados mais satisfatórios foi CS-HA20%, exibindo um melhor perfil à porosidade, grau de intumescimento e prorpriedades mecânicas. O estudo sugere que as estruturas tridimensionais necessitam de reajustes para serem aplicadas em regeneração óssea, entretanto podem ser indicadas para aplicações em engenharia de tecidos, em situações preferencialmente ex-vivo, como suportes temporários de células. / Three-dimensional structures are very attractive tools for tissue engineering, physically mimicked the natural extracellular matrix, these structures act as supports for cell development. The goal was to produce biodegradable threedimensional structures of chitosan-hydroxyapatite-gelatin (CS / HA / L) with different HA contents and evaluate their properties and behavior in vitro. The three-dimensional structures were produced in two steps. In a first step CS were obtained spheres containing different amounts of HA low crystallinity (20, 50 and 70% w / w). The poorly crystalline HA was generated in situ within the CS spheres. To this precipitate was dissolved in CS CaHPO4 and the resulting suspension was shaped in the form of spheres by dripping in dissolution Na5P3O10 (TPP) at pH 8-9. The precipitated spheres were kept in this solution under stirring to obtain the halftone processing and the CS HA CaHPO4 , and finally lyophilized. To obtain the three-dimensional structures, CS-HA spheres were bonded by impregnation with warm solution (40 ° C) 5% C, cooling to -18 °C and lyophilization. The spheres were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). And the three dimensional structures by porosity, Degree of Swelling (GI), mechanical property of resistance comrpressão via dry and wet. The average diameter of the spheres according to the results of MO was 2.6 ± 0.22 mm and 2.8 ± 0,28mm CS-20% CSHA50% respectively. Already the particles of CS-HA70% had a mean diameter of 3.9 ± 0,37mm having their morphology and surface porosity varied with the HA content. The presence of low crystallinity with in the HA spheres was confirmed by the XRD results and IV. In the SEM images was observed that HA crystals are homogeneously dispersed within the sphere. The TG data showed good agreement between the HA and the amounts actually projected on the spheres obtained. The results indicate influences of threedimensional structures for various concentrations of hydroxyapatite. With the increase in the ceramic fraction is observed densification of the surface, a slight reduction of the porosity and the degree of swelling, as well as an increase in the modulus of elasticity via a small decrease in the mechanical properties wet route, caused by swelling of the structure. The composite that presented better results was CS-HA20%, showing a better profile to the porosity, degree of swelling and mechanical prorpriedades. The study suggests that threedimensional structures require adjustments to be applied in bone regeneration, but can be suitable for applications in tissue engineering, in situations preferably ex vivo, as temporary supports cells.
14

M?todo de Otimiza??o Topol?gica em Estruturas Tridimensionais

Coutinho, Karilany Dantas 19 May 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KarilanyDC.pdf: 1404746 bytes, checksum: 75321c91ff10021c5b9665530a1b4f3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / The topology optimization problem characterize and determine the optimum distribution of material into the domain. In other words, after the definition of the boundary conditions in a pre-established domain, the problem is how to distribute the material to solve the minimization problem. The objective of this work is to propose a competitive formulation for optimum structural topologies determination in 3D problems and able to provide high-resolution layouts. The procedure combines the Galerkin Finite Elements Method with the optimization method, looking for the best material distribution along the fixed domain of project. The layout topology optimization method is based on the material approach, proposed by Bendsoe & Kikuchi (1988), and considers a homogenized constitutive equation that depends only on the relative density of the material. The finite element used for the approach is a four nodes tetrahedron with a selective integration scheme, which interpolate not only the components of the displacement field but also the relative density field. The proposed procedure consists in the solution of a sequence of layout optimization problems applied to compliance minimization problems and mass minimization problems under local stress constraint. The microstructure used in this procedure was the SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalty). The approach reduces considerably the computational cost, showing to be efficient and robust. The results provided a well defined structural layout, with a sharpness distribution of the material and a boundary condition definition. The layout quality was proporcional to the medium size of the element and a considerable reduction of the project variables was observed due to the tetrahedrycal element / O problema de otimiza??o topol?gica consiste na defini??o do leiaute estrutural pela da distribui??o ?tima de material no espa?o de projeto. Em outras palavras, ap?s serem definidas as condi??es de contorno num dom?nio de projeto pr?-estabelecido, o problema ? como distribuir o material de modo a solucionar o problema de minimiza??o. O objetivo deste trabalho ? propor uma formula??o para a determina??o de topologias estruturais ?timas, que seja competitiva para utiliza??o em problemas 3D e capaz de proporcionar leiautes de alta defini??o. O procedimento combina o M?todo de Elementos Finitos de Galerkin com o m?todo de otimiza??o, buscando a melhor distribui??o de material ao longo do dom?nio fixo de projeto. O m?todo de otimiza??o de leiaute empregado ? baseado na abordagem material, proposta por Bendsoe & Kikuchi (1988), que considera uma equa??o constitutiva homogeneizada dependente apenas da densidade relativa do material. O elemento finito utilizado para a aproxima??o ? o tetra?drico de quatro n?s, com um esquema de integra??o seletiva, que interpola n?o s? as componentes do campo de deslocamento como tamb?m o campo de densidade relativa. O processo proposto consiste na solu??o de uma seq??ncia de problemas de otimiza??o e ? aplicado a problemas de minimiza??o da flexibilidade (atendendo a um limite de volume material) e da massa (satisfazendo um crit?rio de tens?o) em estruturas tridimensionais. A microestrutura utilizada para a descri??o das propriedades materiais ? do tipo SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalty). A abordagem reduz consideravelmente o custo computacional, mostrando ser efetiva e promissora. Os resultados proporcionaram um leiaute estrutural definido, com n?tida distribui??o do material e defini??o do contorno, com qualidade proporcional ao tamanho m?dio do elemento da malha em quest?o, assim como uma consider?vel redu??o no total de vari?veis de projeto, devido ? utiliza??o do elemento finito empregado
15

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flows over aerospace configurations.

Leonardo Costa Scalabrin 00 December 2002 (has links)
The objective of this project is to study three dimensional aerodynamic flows over realistic aerospace configurations, such as the first Brazilian Satellite Launcher (VLS) in its first stage flight form. In order to achieve this objective, computational fluid dynamics and three dimensional adaptive mesh refinement techniques are used. The project focus in finite element and finite volume techniques to simulate the flows of interest. Both the Taylor-Galerkin finite element method and the Jameson finite volume method are used in the simulations. A new interpretation of MacCormack's method in an unstructured grid context is presented. The analysis, implementation and validation of the adaptive mesh refinement tools in the present context is part of the work developed. The use of meshes with hanging-nodes in a finite volume code is also described. The Spalart and Allmaras turbulence model is implemented in the finite volume code in order to account for turbulent effects. In the first part of this project, inviscid flows over the VLS ranging from subsonic to supersonic regime are studied using the finite element and finite volume techniques and, in the following part, turbulent viscous flow cases are analyzed using the finite volume code.

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