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Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-55).

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-25T18:12:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Marimar Mayworm Beck.pdf: 2648068 bytes, checksum: c6ec41428f0e812cecccc4dbfc94a8e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T18:12:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Marimar Mayworm Beck.pdf: 2648068 bytes, checksum: c6ec41428f0e812cecccc4dbfc94a8e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / Man and animals are constantly subjected to stress, which is a situation caused by a challenge to which a body is subjected. Despite the exercise be a powerful and relatively simple way of treating and preventing diseases, acute exercise is considered an effective tool to study the physiological responses to metabolic stress. Like other forms of stress, acute exercise induces neuroendocrine and autonomic responses characterized mainly by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-adrenal system. Acupuncture is an ancient practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine, used to reduce stress responses in humans and animals. Therefore, the work suggests to study the effect of acute stimulation of acupuncture points on the physiological responses to progressive incremental exercise (PIE) in shelter dogs, by analysis of the variability of the cardiac interval (VIC), lactate and serum cortisol. It is noteworthy that the PIE is an exercise stress test recognized worldwide, that has been used in domestic animals and humans. The experimental procedures were performed in 16 dogs, mix breed, aged between 2 and 5 years, weighing 8-23 kg healthy with vaccinations and deworming updated and untrained to the treadmill. The dogs were subjected to an adaptation to the treadmil that consisted of 5 consecutive days of training 20 min each, with variable speeds (maximum of 5 km / h) and 5% inclination. On the day of the experiment the animals were divided into two groups: control (CTL only submitted to PIE) and acupuncture (treated with acupuncture before PIE). In ACUP group acupuncture needles were inserted into acupoints BP6, E36 and PC6 bilaterally for 20min. The PIE consisted in walking, followed by running in 5 km / h for 5 minutes, then gradually increase 0.5 km / h every 30 seconds, with inclination of 5%, until reaching exhaustion (abrupt stop or coordination loss during exercise). For the analysis of VIC, cardiac intervals were recorded by cardiac frequency meter (Polar); lactate and cortisol were analysed by spectrophotometer and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The EIP was able to significantly increase lactate levels, average HR, LF / HF ratio and LH and decrease the HF in the final three minutes of exercise demonstrating a greater activation of the sympathetic component in relation to the parasympathetic. However PIE was not able to induce significant increase of cortisol. No significant differences were detected between the acupuncture and control groups in any of the parameters analysed. We conclude that an acupuncture session immediately before the EIP was unable to significantly change the autonomic and endocrine responses induced by exercise. / Humanos e animais s?o constantemente submetidos ao estresse, que ? uma situa??o gerada por um desafio ao qual um organismo ? submetido. Apesar do exerc?cio f?sico ser uma forma poderosa e relativamente simples de tratamento e preven??o de doen?as, o exerc?cio agudo ? considerado uma ferramenta eficaz para estudar as respostas fisiol?gicas ao estresse metab?lico. Como outras formas de estresse, o exerc?cio agudo induz respostas neuroend?crinas e auton?micas caracterizadas principalmente pela a ativa??o do eixo hipot?lamo-hip?fise-adrenal e do sistema simpato adreno-medular. A acupuntura ? uma pr?tica milenar da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa, utilizada para reduzir as respostas de estresse em humanos e animais. Desta forma, o estudo prop?e estudar o efeito da estimula??o aguda de pontos de acupuntura nas respostas fisiol?gicas ao exerc?cio incremental progressivo (EIP) em c?es de canil, atrav?s da an?lise da variabilidade do intervalo card?aco (VIC), do lactato e do cortisol s?rico. Os procedimentos experimentais foram realizados em 16 c?es, sem ra?a definida, com idades entre 2 e 5 anos, pesando de 8 a 23 kg, clinicamente saud?veis, com vacinas e vermifuga??o em dia e destreinados ? esteira ergom?trica. Os c?es foram submetidos a um per?odo de adapta??o a esteira que consistiu de 5 dias de treino consecutivos de 20 min cada, com velocidades vari?veis (m?xima de 5 km/h) e 5% de inclina??o. No dia do experimento os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (CTL, apenas submetidos ao EIP, n=8) e acupuntura (tratados com acupuntura antes do EIP, n=8). No grupo ACUP foram inseridas agulhas de acupuntura nos acupontos BP6, E36 e PC6 bilateralmente por 20min. O EIP consistiu de caminhada seguida de corrida de 5 km/h por 5 minutos, seguida de aumento gradual de 0,5 km/h a cada 30 segundos, com inclina??o de 5%, at? o alcance da exaust?o que foi considerada por meio de uma parada abrupta ou perda de coordena??o durante o exerc?cio. Para a an?lise da VIC, os intervalos card?acos foram registrados por frequenc?metro card?aco (Polar), e o lactato e cortisol analisados atrav?s de espectofot?metro, e pela t?cnica de radioimunoensaio, respectivamente. O EIP foi capaz de aumentar significativamente os n?veis de lactato, a FC m?dia, a raz?o LF/HF e o LH e diminuir o HF nos tr?s minutos finais do exerc?cio demonstrando uma maior ativa??o do componente simp?tico em rela??o ao parassimp?tico. No entanto o EIP n?o foi capaz de induzir aumento significativo do cortisol. N?o foi detectada diferen?a significativa entre os grupos acupuntura e controle em nenhum dos par?metros analisados. Conclu?mos que uma sess?o de acupuntura imediatamente antes do EIP n?o foi capaz de alterar significativamente as respostas auton?micas e end?crinas induzidas pelo exerc?cio.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-07-09T19:24:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeRochadaSilvaDissertacao2018.pdf: 5301288 bytes, checksum: d93f6864fe5fb158fcddd3b560878637 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-07-09T19:24:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeRochadaSilvaDissertacao2018.pdf: 5301288 bytes, checksum: d93f6864fe5fb158fcddd3b560878637 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-09T19:24:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeRochadaSilvaDissertacao2018.pdf: 5301288 bytes, checksum: d93f6864fe5fb158fcddd3b560878637 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-14 / The aim of the present study was to analyse heart rate recovery (HRR) and chronotropic index (CI) after treadmill Bruce test in obese elderly women classified on the basis of relative manual grip strength. Methods: Eighty-eight obese elderly women who were between the ages of 60 and 87 participated in the study and were categorized and enrolled to one of two groups based on lower (< 1.51 m²) or higher (≥ 1.51 m²) relative handgrip strength, respectively. The heart rate recovery in the first and second minutes following the treadmill exercise test and the chronotropic index were compared between groups. Results: The higher relative handgrip strength group presented a significantly higher peak heart rate (p= 0,019) during exercise and a faster HRR at the first (p = 0.003) and second minutes (p = 0.002) after the ergometric test compared to the low manual grip strength group (p=0,001). Furthermore, there was a tendency (p = 0.059) towards a significantly higher CI, six-minute walk test (p = 0.001) and low time up and go time in the group of high relative manual grip strength compared to the low force group. Conclusion: In conclusion, elderly women with greater relative handgrip strength also demonstrated a better heart rate response during and following exercise and tendency to higher chronotropic index, possibly indicating better autonomic balance. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a recuperação da frequência cardíaca (RFC) e o índice cronotrópico (IC) após teste de Bruce em esteira em mulheres idosas obesas classificadas com base na força de preensão manual relativa (FPMR). Métodos: Participaram voluntariamente do estudo 88 mulheres idosas obesas entre 60 e 87 anos que foram categorizadas em dois grupos: baixa força de preensão manual relativa (<1,51 m²) e alta força de preensão manual relativa (≥ 1,51 m²). A RFC no primeiro e no segundo minutos e o índice cronotrópico após o teste ergométrico em esteira foram comparados entre os grupos. Resultados: O grupo de alta força de preensão manual relativa apresentou valores de frequência cardíaca máxima significativamente maiores durante o teste ergométrico (p= 0,019), RFC mais rápida no primeiro (p = 0,003) e segundo minutos (p = 0,002) após o teste ergométrico comparado ao grupo de baixa força de preensão manual relativa (p=0,001). Observamos tendência (p = 0,059) em direção a um IC significativamente maior, Teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (p = 0,001) e baixo tempo no time up and go no grupo de alta força de preensão manual relativa comparado ao grupo de baixa força. Conclusão: Mulheres idosas com alta força de preensão manual relativa apresentam uma melhor resposta da frequência cardíaca durante e após o teste ergométrico, tendência a um índice cronotrópico superior possivelmente indicando um melhor equilíbrio autonômico após o esforço físico e maior capacidade funcional.

Abstract Despite advances in treatment of cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the most common cause of death in the Western countries; and its first manifestation is often sudden cardiac death (SCD). The development of CHD is a lifelong process, the pace of which is governed by the burden of several risk factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and physical activity with the risk of CHD-related death, including SCD events among men with different risk factor profiles. This study is based on the population of the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, which recruited a sample of 2682 men aged 42–60 years. Their CRF was assessed with a maximal exercise test using respiratory gas analysis. Exercise-induced ST segment depression was defined as a ≥1 mm ST segment depression on the electrocardiogram. Anthropometric measurements, blood sample analyzes and questionnaires regarding leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and smoking were performed at baseline. Men with both low CRF and exercise-induced ST segment depression were at higher risk of death from CHD and SCD than men with high CRF without ST segment depressions. Men with low CRF and low LTPA were at higher risk of SCD than men with low CRF and high LTPA. The amount of LTPA did not alter the incidence on SCD among men with high CRF. These findings were adjusted for age, type 2 diabetes and CHD, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum C-reactive protein level. These findings emphasize the importance of physical activity and treatment of other modifiable risk factors, especially among the men with low CRF. / Tiivistelmä Sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien ennaltaehkäisystä ja hoidon edistysaskeleista huolimatta sepelvaltimotauti on edelleen kehittyneiden maiden yleisin kuolinsyy, sydänperäisen äkkikuoleman ollessa usein taudin ensimmäinen ilmentymä. Sepelvaltimotaudin syntyminen on pitkäaikainen prosessi, jossa riskitekijät määrittävät suurelta osin taudin etenemisen nopeuden. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää kliinisessä rasituskokeessa todetun aerobisen suorituskyvyn, sydänlihasiskemian sekä fyysisen aktiivisuuden yhteyttä sepelvaltimotautikuolemiin ja sydänperäisiin äkkikuolemiin eri sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijäyhdistelmien omaavien miesten keskuudessa. Tämä tutkimus perustuu Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study- aineistoon, johon kuuluu 2682 42–60 vuotiasta miestä. Tutkittavien aerobista suorituskykyä arvioitiin kliinisessä rasituskokeessa mittaamalla hapenkulutus suoraan hengityskaasuista. Sydänlihasiskemian merkkinä pidettiin rasituksen provosoimaa ≥1 mm ST-välin laskua tutkittavien EKG:ssa. Tutkittavilta kartoitettiin alussa antropometriset mittaukset, verikokeet sekä kyselylomakkeilla selvitettiin mm. vapaa-ajan liikunnan määrää ja tupakointia. Miehet, joilla todettiin huono suorituskyky sekä samanaikainen rasituksen aiheuttama sydänlihasiskemia olivat suuremmassa vaarassa menehtyä sepelvaltimotautiin ja sydänperäiseen äkkikuolemaan verrattuna miehiin, joilla todettiin hyvä suorituskyky eikä rasituksen aiheuttamaa sydänlihasiskemiaa. Miehet joilla todettiin huono suorituskyky, mutta harrastivat enemmän liikuntaa vapaa-ajalla, olivat pienemmässä vaarassa sydänperäiseen äkkikuolemaan kuin huonokuntoiset miehet, jotka harrastivat vähemmän liikuntaa vapaa-ajallaan. Vapaa-ajan liikunnan määrä ei muuttanut sydänperäisen äkkikuoleman esiintyvyyttä hyväkuntoisten miesten keskuudessa. Nämä tulokset vakioitiin iän, tyypin 2-diabeteksen, todetun sepelvaltimotaudin, tupakoinnin, alkoholin kulutuksen, painoindeksin, systolisen verenpaineen, seerumin LDL-kolesterolin ja C-reaktiivisen proteiinin suhteen. Nämä löydökset korostavat liikunnan harrastamisen tärkeyttä muiden riskitekijöiden hoidon ohessa, erityisesti lähtötasoltaan huonokuntoisilla miehillä.

Thesis (M.S.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).

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