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Background: In recent decades, improvements in medical treatment, public health, technology and education have resulted in people living much longer. This includes people with learning disabilities, the fastest growing sector being the over-70s, and those who are women. There have been a limited number of studies exploring ageing in the population of people with learning disabilities, and very few of these have studied ageing from the perspectives of women. Aim: To develop a contemporary perspective of the lived experiences of older women with learning disabilities. Objectives - To identify how women with learning disabilities construct the experience of ageing, through the lens of an asset theoretical framework - To examine how older women with learning disabilities experience the wider cultural and socio-political influences, and how these impact on their lives - To utilise a narrative approach that integrates stories and photo elicitation to facilitate a more in-depth understanding of their experiences - To indicate how a refined model could be developed to improve policy and practice in the provision of services for older women with learning disabilities An inclusive methodology is central to this thesis, with an expert reference group of four women with learning disabilities working in partnership with the researcher. The expert reference group ensure that this work is grounded in everyday experience, providing both support and challenge. Ten women over 55 with mild or moderate learning disabilities were purposively invited to take part. Narrative methods integrated with photograph elicitation captured their lived experiences, facilitating a more in-depth 3 understanding of their experiences of ageing. In methodological terms this offered a number of strengths in helping the women to engage with the research process and provided a visual reference that promoted a more inclusive and flexible approach to capturing the lived experiences of older women with learning disabilities. Findings The findings identify how a group of older women construct their experiences of ageing. The equanimity and positive outlook on life is interpreted and understood through developing and understanding their protective health assets. A central theme is the importance of friendships and relationships, providing a buffer during adverse times and helping the women to feel supported and valued by their local community. Conclusion In its contribution to service development and knowledge, this thesis provides a contemporary perspective of the lived experience of women with learning disabilities as they age. Furthermore, mapping the narrated assets of these women introduces a new and alternative model for representing individual experiences that challenge the mainstream perspective that has been central to UK policy and practice during the 21st century. This thesis has begun to address a gap between policy and the reality of the lived experience, and presents an alternative asset-based relationship framework (Fig 30 p. 248) that has the potential to guide and shape future learning disability practices. Finally, this appears to be the first study to apply an asset theoretical framework to underpin research with women who have learning disabilities, offering an alternative perspective that challenges social care policy and professionally-defined integration and social inclusion indicators.

I Sverige lider ca 50 000 människor av svårläkta bensår och av dessa är ca 50 procent or-sakade av venös insufficiens. Patienter med bensår upplever ofta att de påverkas negativt fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt. Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors upple-velser av att kunna främja hälsa hos patienter med venösa bensår. Metoden som valdes var kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Data samlades in genom intervjuer med nio distriktssköterskor. Ur analysen framkom fyra teman; Samtala och informera för att skapa ökad förståelse, Arbeta med livsstilsrådgivning, Kunna underlätta vardagen samt Kunna se hela människan i omvårdnaden. Slutsatsen är att distriktssköterskorna blir ett stöd för pati-enterna, både under den tid de har sina sår och även genom att ge patienterna kunskap för att förebygga uppkomst av nya sår. Distriktssköterskorna upplever att de kan främja hälsa genom att flytta fokus från bensåret och istället se till hela människan. Fortsatt forskning inom området behövs ur ett patientperspektiv; hur patienter med venösa bensår upplever att distriktssköterskor kan ge stöd och främja hälsa. / Approximately 50 000 people in Sweden are suffering from slow healing leg ulcers, and about 50 per cent of these ulcers are caused by venous insufficiency. Patients with leg ul-cers often experience being adversely affected physically, psychologically and socially. The purpose of the study was to describe district nurses experiences of being able to pro-mote health in patients with venous leg ulcers. The chosen method was qualitative content analysis with inductive approach. Data was collected through interviews with nine district nurses. The analysis resulted in four themes; Communicate and inform to increase com-prehension, Work with lifestyle counselling, Being able to facilitate everyday life and Be-ing able to have an holistic approach in nursing care. The conclusion is that district nurses become a support to the patients during the time they are affected by ulcers, and also by providing the patients with knowledge of how to prevent the emergence of new ulcers. District nurses experience they are able to promote health by not only focus on the ulcer but also see the person behind the ulcer. Further research is needed from a patient perspec-tive; how patients with venous leg ulcers experience that district nurses can provide sup-port and promote health.

Background: Female circumcision or female genital mutilation is a tradition that is carried out mainly in Africa. The intervention refers to that part of- or all of the girl’s external genital organs are removed.  Aim: The study's purpose was to highlight the consequences of female circumcision in the encounter with western health care. Method: A systematic literature reviews was performed as a method. Twelve articles were selected for the study and these were sought in Chinal, PubMed and PsycINFO. Analysis and interpretation was done according to qualitative content analysis, inspired by Lundman and Granheim. Eriksson, Birkler, Dahlberg and Segersten’s nursing theory was used as background in the discussion. Results: The analysis process resulted in six categories: laws and guidelines, offence, communication, knowledge, vulnerability and nursing. The results showed that offence occur extensively against genitally mutilated women and the exposure of these women. The results also showed a strong need for knowledge, laws and guidelines. Conclusions: Health care professionals need to have a basic knowledge of female circumcision and clear guidelines to ensure good care. The nurse should also keep themselves updated of new research and search for knowledge to improve their care.