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Adverse childhood experiences, known as ACEs, have been shown to negatively impact an individual’s health as an adult. While efforts to decrease children’s exposure to these traumatic experiences are beneficial, they are not able to fully eliminate these experiences and do not address how to help children who have already been exposed. Resilience, which has been defined as managing and adapting to significant sources of trauma, has been thought to be a protective factor against the toxic stress of ACEs. While the relationship between ACEs and poor health outcomes has been established, the relationship between resilience and health outcomes is largely unknown.  This study seeks to determine the association between resilience scores on a validated resilience questionnaire and health outcomes in adolescents. Looking specifically at body mass index, blood pressure, and depression scores on a validated depression screen we hypothesize that higher resilience scores will be associated with better health outcomes. In addition, we examine the relationship between ACE scores and resilience scores. If this validated resilience instrument is able to help predict health outcomes, this can direct development of intervention programs to build resilience in those living in ACE-heavy environments. / Urban Bioethics

Bakgrund: Obesitas förekommer i stort sett över hela världen. Orsakerna till en oönskad ökning av kroppsvikten är komplexa där både biologiska, miljömässiga och beteendemässiga faktorer kan ligga bakom. Tidigare studier har visat att det finns en utbredd stigmatisering i samhället av personer med obesitas, även inom sjukvården. Befintlig forskning har inte undersökt personer med obesitas upplevelser av fysioterapeutisk vård i Sverige, den kunskapsluckan ämnar denna uppsats att uppfylla.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka huruvida personer med obesitas inom svensk fysioterapeutisk vård påverkas av eventuell stigmatisering eller diskriminering. Metod: En kvalitativ metod baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer användes. Totalt deltog fem informanter, där intervjuerna skedde separat via zoom. Materialet analyserades sedan genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre kategorier med tillhörande subkategorier. En informant beskrev upplevelser av diskriminering vid kontakt med fysioterapeuter, övriga hade haft en positiv upplevelse. Den tydligaste gemensamma faktorn var önskan om att bli bemött som en hel person, där samtliga beskrev att de ville bli sedda som en individ samt att fysioterapeuten skulle vara rak och ärlig i diskussioner  om vikt, förutsatt att det var nödvändigt att ta upp i förhållande till kontaktorsaken.   Slutsats: Resultatet är inte generaliserbart på den svenska fysioterapeutiska vården i stort. Det öppnar dock upp för en möjlighet att hitta relevanta mönster både internt inom studien samt i förhållande till andra liknande studier. / Background: Obesity is a global occurrence, the reasons behind an unwanted weight gain are complex where biological, environmental and behavioral factors all play a role. Prior research has shown that stigmatization of people with obesity is common in society and in healthcare. No prior research could be found regarding the experiences of obese people in encounters with physiotherapists in Sweden, this gap in knowledge is the focus of this paper. Objective: To investigate if people with obesity within Swedish physiotherapy care are affected by any stigmatization or discrimination. Method: This study utilized a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews. Five participants were included in the study and were interviewed through the web based video software Zoom. The data was analyzed by way of qualitative content analysis Results: Three categories were identified with subsequent subcategories. One out of five participants described discrimination by their physiotherapist, the remaining participants described positive experiences. A common theme among the participants was the desire to be seen as an individual and that their physiotherapist should be honest and direct regarding the subject of weight as long as it is relevant to the context of their visit.  Conclusion: The results of this study cannot be generalized on Swedish physiotherapy care as a whole, however it does offer an opportunity to investigate relevant patterns internally in this study and compare them in relation to similar studies performed on the subject.

Background: Many elderly people today have dementia, and many people with dementia encounter health care services, including in elderly care or in hospitals. Previous research indicates that relatives feel that nurses' treatment and contact can affect their well-being, and that patients with dementia feel that the hospital is not adapted to their needs and that communication with nurses is difficult. Aim: To describe nurses' experiences of treatment of patients with dementia in hospitals. Method: A general literature study of 4 quantitative articles, 6 qualitative articles. The articles were collected from two different databases. Results: Nurses strive to establish a caring relationship with patients with dementia in order to offer good care. Some nurses found it easy and challenging to meet and communicate with patients with dementia, while some nurses found it demanding. Lack of time was identified as a factor that caused stress and anxiety in nurses when dealing with patients with dementia. Conclusion: The results show that nurses who had a care relationship with patients with dementia contributed to the experience of good treatment, despise this there are many factors that can affect nurses' treatment such as prioritizing patients, lack of time, knowledge, experience and aggressive behavior from patients with dementia.

Developed forest camping has received little attention in the recreation research since the late 1960s and early 1970s. Changes in socio-demographics, technology, and the public's expectations for amenities over the past forty years suggested that the nature of the developed camping experience may have changed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand the modern developed forest camping experience and associated meanings and the influence of technology on developed forest camping. In-depth interviews were conducted in the Mount Rogers National Recreation Area with thirty-eight camping groups in three campgrounds which varied in their level of development. Developed forest camping experiences were described by participants as a combination of what they were doing (i.e., activities), who they were interacting with (i.e., social interaction), where they were camping (i.e., setting), and what they were feeling while they were there (i.e., psychological states/feelings). The camping experience occurred in stages and it emerged over the course of participants' trips, with emotional highs and lows. Camping was a social experience, with participants defining much of their experience in terms of who they were with. The developed camping experience was influenced by the natural environment, particularly scenic beauty and other aesthetic setting qualities. The majority of participants in this study suggested that they were able to get a nature-based experience even in highly developed camp settings in which large motor homes, televisions, and satellite dishes were common. Participants used a range of camping gear and electronics, and this technology was important to promote comfort and conveniences and for a distraction during inclement weather. The associated meanings of developed forest camping were restoration (i.e., rest, escape, and recovery), family functioning, special places, self-identity, social interaction, experiencing nature, association of God and nature, novelty, and the opportunity for children to learn. Restoration was the most commonly expressed meaning across all three campground types. The most commonly expressed life-context meanings were restoration and sharing positive family memories and stories. These family memories and stories often developed into important camping traditions. Recommendations for recreation managers, study limitations, and opportunities for future research are identified and discussed. / Ph. D.

Those who eat share a relationship with design. The Museum of Gastronomy, a museum located at the Washington D.C. National Mall, would dedicate a space to a full-sense experience pursuing a relationship between food, culture, and design. The National Mall is a symbolic setting dedicated to U.S. heritage via museums, memorials, and the honoring of legacies accessible to the public. As the U.S. is a melting pot of different nationalities, this museum would fill an open niche devoted to celebrating the cultural heritage of cooking throughout the cycle of food consumption. As consumers, regardless of notice or intention, we have an intimate relationship with food as means of survival. Cooking, the method for preparing this vital element, is also an expression of culture, style, and use of available resources. In essence, cooking is an everyday design: a crucial aspect of our very survival. Therefore: food → cooking → design → survival → food → cooking Similarly, it is the architect's mission to reach an effective design with available "ingredients," forces, or kit-of-parts within a project. In the Museum of Gastronomy, the architect would become the unifying source between a relationship literally built between food, people, and design in an interactive experience. This would result in a space dedicated to showcasing and combining the concept of "cooking is designing." Incorporating these components into a museum located at the National Mall would personify an experience of the cooking processes as a building block of every-day observation of design. / Master of Architecture