This master´s thesis is aimed at the strategy and implementation of DOE (planned experiment) and QFD (quality function deployment) in business. There are described about these methods. It deals with their use for a given problem. The last section provides a possible procedure in the enterprise.

Trusting autonomous vehicles is seen as crucial for their dissemination. However, research on autonomous driving so far is restricted by using closed training courses or simulators and by comparing behaviour and evaluation while driving oneself (a manual car) with being driven (by an autonomous car). In the current study, we investigated passengers’ eye movements, categorized as safety-relevant or not safety-relevant, and trust ratings while being driven, once manually and once by an autonomous car, in real traffic as well as in a simulator. As some of the effects observed in the field experiment might have been caused by driving style, driving style was additionally varied in the simulator. Fixations in safety-relevant regions (e.g., on the road and steering wheel) were observed more frequently during safety critical driving situations than during regular driving. More safety-relevant fixations for the autonomous compared to the manual driving mode were observed particularly in the field. Trust ratings were affected by driving mode mainly in the simulator: Here, being driven autonomously led to a lower reported trust than believing to be driven by a human driver. Driving style showed to affect trust ratings, but not gaze behaviour in the simulator experiment. Correlations between gazing into safety relevant regions and trust ratings were of smaller descriptive size than in recent investigations on drivers, suggesting that gazing into safety-relevant regions as objective alternative to trust ratings may not be as exhaustive for passengers as for drivers.

My studies are based on finding out what impact science has on the children. I presented a simple experiment with oranges. What is it the kids reflect on during a science activity? With the help of video recordings (I -pad) and phenomenography as a starting point, I get the verbal and non-verbal expression, which is important in my research. Collected data were transcribed and divided into different categories. Children are certainly aware, committed and focused. The children became familiar with the scientific words float and sink. Children should have the opportunity to explore, compile, test, experiment, and this is also included in the curriculum (Lpfö 98, rev 2010). Based on my understanding, the children have great fun when they are doing experiments and testing, and that is what is most important. They are learning at the same time lots of new words, new concepts and gain an understanding of why things happen.

In this thesis, I describe the first calibration of the T2K ND280 electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic muons. T2K is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment whose main aim is to observe for the first time the νμ→νe oscillations. A complete understanding of the νμ disappearance or νμ→νx oscillations, x = μ or τ , and neutrino-nucleon interactions will complete the T2K physics programme. T2K produces an intense muon neutrino beam at the J-PARC facility on Japan's East coast. This neutrino beam is then detected twice: once 280 m from its start by ND280 - whose purpose is to characterise the beam - and then again 295 km away at the far detector SuperKamiokande on the West coast of Japan. One of the components of the ND280 detector is the electromagnetic calorimeter. A thorough understanding of the electromagnetic calorimeter is crucial. In this thesis I first describe the quality assurance of the photosensors used in the calorimeter. Then I describe the cosmic muon flux simulation, that I adapted from CORSIKA for the electromagnetic calorimeter studies, and now adopted by the whole T2K collaboration. This is followed by a description of calibration of the calorimeter using the cosmic muon flux, in particular the light yield attenuation, and finally the comparison of the results obtained with cosmic muons taken at two different locations, CERN and Tokai. Moreover, I describe the ND280 Workbook, an online guide to the ND280 software, including tutorials and information for all the ND280 collaborators, that I developed in its entirety.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

No description available.

Ziel der retrospektiven Studie war es, den Einfluss der prothetischen Restauration, beziehungsweise der Position des Pfeilers im Zahnbogen sowie der Art des restaurierten Zahnes auf das Überleben von mit Stift-Stumpfaufbauten rekonstruierten Zähnen zu untersuchen. Die verschiedenen Parameter, die zu Erfolg oder Misserfolg geführt haben, sollten analysiert werden, um gegebenenfalls deren Einfluss auf die Verweildauer der Stift-Stumpfaufbauten beziehungsweise der damit versorgten Zähne in Form einer Überlebenszeitanalyse zu untersuchen Seit 1999 wurden Patienten, die in der Klinik mit einem Stift-Stumpfaufbau versorgt worden waren, protokollarisch erfasst. Die koronal stark zerstörten Zähne wurden durch ein weitgehend standardisiertes Behandlungsverfahren rekonstruiert und mit diversen prothetischen Restaurationen versehen. Das Patientenkollektiv umfasste 195 Patienten mit 320 Stift-Stumpfaufbauten. Zur Überlebenszeitanalyse kam die Methode nach Kaplan-Meier zum Einsatz. Die gruppenbezogenen Überlebenskurven wurden mittels Log-Rang-Test auf statistische Signifikanz getestet. Die häufigsten Misserfolgsgründe stellten Dezementierungen der Stift-Stumpfauf- bauten und Entzündungszeichen mit apikalen Läsionen dar. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigten, dass der Erfolg einer postendodontischen Stiftverankerung je nach Zahntyp und Art der prothetischen Versorgung variierte. Festsitzende prothetische Restaurationen auf der Basis eines Stift-Stumpfaufbaus im Frontzahn- und Prämolarenbereich hatten eine relativ hohe Überlebeswahrscheinlichkeit, vor allem wenn sie Brückenpfeiler waren. War der mit einem Stift-Stumpfaufbau rekonstruierte Zahn aber endständig in der Zahnreihe, überdurchschnittlichen Belastungen ausgesezt - wie der Eckzahn - oder diente als endständiger Pfeiler einer herausnehmbaren teleskopierenden Prothese, waren frühzeitige Komplikationen wahrscheinlich. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass eine primäre Verblockung die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit von Innenteleskopkronen positiv beeinflussen konnte. / The aim of the retrospective study was to examine the influence of the prosthetic restauration, the location of the tooth in the dental arc and the type of tooth restored on the survival time of teeth restored with cast post and cores. The different factors, leading to sucess or failure should be analysed to identfiy the influence on durability of post and cores and restored teeth. Since 1999 files of patiens who received cast post and cores were colleted. The teeth with coronal hard-tissue defects were restored using standardised techniques and were prepared for fitting permanent prosthetic restauration. 195 patients with 320 cast post and cores were collected. The survival probability was assesed using Kaplan-Meier analysis; Log-Rank-test was used to asses statistically significant risk of failure between sub-assembly groups. The most common causes of failure were loss of retention and inflammation with apical lesion. The results of the study represent that success did depend on type of tooth restored and type of restauration fitted. High survival probability was reached for cast post and cores fitted in the anterior and premolar region especially when they were bridge abutments. For teeth restored with cast post and cores at the end of the dental arc, exposed to superior stress - like canins or terminal abutments of a telescopic crown retainted removable partial denture, early failures were supposable. With regard to the results of the study the survival probability of telescopic crowns seemed to be enhanced by primary locking.

This study used a quasi-experiment in order to evaluate the effect the SPOT-burglary profile on burglary arrest rates. A single police agency split into three different districts was used for the quasi-experiment. The SPOT-burglary profile was implemented in one district, while leaving the other two as control groups. The differences between the districts were controlled for using a statistical analysis. Burglary arrest rates were collected each month for all three districts for a period of one year before the implementation, and for six months after the implementation. Results show that the district who received the SPOT-burglary profile raised their burglary arrest rates by almost 75% in only 6 months, even after controlling for all relevant variables. This shows that the experimental intervention, the burglary profile, had a significant effect on the intended outcome- burglary arrest rates. The results of this study suggest that the SPOT-burglary profile may be able to provide law enforcement agencies with another tool to help increase burglary arrest rates in the future.

In best-first top-down induction of decision trees, the best split is added in each step (e.g. the split that maximally reduces the Gini index). This is in contrast to the standard depth-first traversal of a tree. The resulting tree will be the same, just how it is built is different. The objective of this project is to investigate whether it is possible to determine an appropriate tree size on practical datasets by combining best-first decision tree growth with cross-validation-based selection of the number of expansions that are performed. Pre-pruning, post-pruning, CART-pruning can be performed this way to compare.

In 2003, Pomeroy et al. published a research study that described a gene expression based prediction of central nervous system embryonal tumour (CNS) outcome. Over a half of decade, many models and approaches have been developed based on experimental data consisting of 99 samples with 7,129 genes. The way, how meaningful knowledge from these models can be extracted, and how this knowledge for further research is still a hot topic. This thesis addresses this and has developed an information method that includes modelling of interactive patterns, important genes discovery and visualisation of the obtained knowledge. The major goal of this thesis is to discover important genes responsible for CNS tumour and import these genes into a well structured knowledge framework system, called Brain-Gene-Ontology. In this thesis, we take the first step towards finding the most accurate model for analysing the CNS tumour by offering a comparative study of global, local and personalised modelling. Five traditional modelling approaches and a new personalised method – WWKNN (weighted distance, weighted variables K-nearest neighbours) – are investigated. To increase the classification accuracy and one-vs.-all based signal to- noise ratio is also developed for pre-processing experimental data. For the knowledge discovery, CNS-based ontology system is developed. Through ontology analysis, 21 discriminate genes are found to be relevant for different CNS tumour classes, medulloblastoma tumour subclass and medulloblastoma treatment outcome. All the findings in this thesis contribute for expanding the information space of the BGO framework.