Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-06-22T12:19:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 João Batista Carvalho de Brito Cruz.pdf: 1553969 bytes, checksum: 8e1a3322b3d7a6cc7ea84e391b10c67f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T12:19:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 João Batista Carvalho de Brito Cruz.pdf: 1553969 bytes, checksum: 8e1a3322b3d7a6cc7ea84e391b10c67f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / The present research studies the experimental phase of Brazilian composer Gilberto Mendes’s work, extracting from such period a few structuring elements of his musical creation, such as the way he interacts with his environment, the semiotical particularities of his works, and their compositional morphology. In order to demonstrate how the work of Mendes during such period is at the same time aesthetically avant-garde (in line with European and north-american vanguards and Brazilian concrete poetry) and communicative, this dissertation investigates the complexity inherent to the musical semiosis under discussion. With that in sight, the research materializes itself in the analysis of three experimental works of the composer’s: nascemorre (1963), Blirium C9 (1964) and Santos Football Music (1969). These analysis were made according to musical semiotics based in Charles S. Peirce’s pragmaticism, since this theoretical-methodological framework enables one to apprehend the complexity of the musical interpretative process in a broad manner, from its production to its fruition / A presente pesquisa estuda a fase experimental do compositor Gilberto Mendes, extraindo desse período componentes estruturantes da criação musical do compositor: a maneira como ele se relaciona com seu ambiente, as peculiaridades semióticas de suas obras e sua morfologia composicional. Investigando a complexidade sígnica das semioses musicais em questão, esta pesquisa procura demonstrar como as obras desse período podem ser ao mesmo tempo estruturalmente vanguardistas (em compromisso com as vanguardas europeias, estadunidense e com a Poesia Concreta brasileira) e comunicativas. Tendo esse objeto e objetivo em vista, a pesquisa se materializa na análise de três obras experimentais do compositor: nascemorre (1963), Blirium C9 (1964) e Santos Football Music (1969). Estas análises são realizadas de acordo com uma semiótica musical com bases na filosofia de Charles S. Peirce, já que a partir desse arcabouço teórico-metodológico é possível apreender de forma ampla a complexidade desse processo interpretativo, desde sua produção até sua performance-fruição

Dans le domaine musical, l'époque contemporaine se caractérise par la dissémination de la scène, la démultiplication des genres musicaux et l’omniprésence des techniques audionumériques dans les processus de fabrication et de diffusion des enregistrements, reproductibles à l'infini par un nombre toujours croissant d'utilisateurs de matériel informatique. Nous choisissons d'extraire d'un tel contexte les pratiques improvisées d'inspiration libre usant d'une lutherie électronique. Comment les artistes parviennent-ils à se repérer dans un environnement aussi fluctuant et problématique, puis à transmettre leur savoir musical ? Pour sortir de la compilation des données temporellement circonscrites, nous tâcherons de comprendre ce qui est en train de se passer au sein des pratiques improvisées contemporaines dans une localité précise. Le cadre théorique, hérité du jazz, montrera qu'il existe au XXème siècle un lien entre l'enregistrement sonore et l'improvisation à travers trois types d'instrumentation : mécanique, analogique et numérique. À l'aide de deux exemples historiques, nous essayerons de comprendre comment un improvisateur apprend à jouer du clavier tout en étant confronté, dans le même temps, à un dispositif technique de production et de reproduction sonore. La méthode introduira ensuite l'enquête de terrain effectuée à Montréal en 2013-2014 dans l'atelier de six musiciens amateurs. Les monographies mettront en évidence les filiations et la mémoire sonore de chaque artiste, constitutives d'un imaginaire musical l'autorisant à performer le moment venu. Les pratiques improvisées étudiées ne représentent aucun genre ni aucune tradition musicale identifiable, car elles s'inspirent indifféremment des musiques expérimentales, de l'électroacoustique, de l'improvisation libre, du free jazz et du rock. En revanche, elles demeurent indissociables du contexte qui les a vu naître, celui de la musique actuelle au Québec et de la topographie montréalaise. Grâce au concept d'« audiotactilité », ces pratiques seront analysées du point de vue des usages que les artistes font des circuits électroniques, c'est-à-dire le rapport physique à la matérialité des outils et des sons produits par le biais de l'ouïe et de la fonction haptique. L'improvisation procède-t-elle d'une construction réfléchie, telle une architecture ou une ingénierie, et l'électronique influence-t-il l'élaboration du discours improvisé ? Existe-il une structure sous-jacente dans l'élaboration d'un discours improvisé utilisant des outils électroniques en adéquation avec un processus musical vivant ? Par le réemploi de morceaux préexistants et par la pratique du sampling, l'improvisation peut être pensée comme un processus hypertextuel. Ainsi, nous verrons si les techniques numériques se placent dans la continuité de l'enregistrement mécanique et analogique ou si elles constituent un élément de rupture. / In the field of music, our contemporary age is characterised by a scattered scene, an increasing number of musical genres and ubiquitous audio-digital techniques used in the process of production as well as in the broadcasting of recordings, themselves infinitely reproducible by an ever-growing number of computer-users. In the midst of this constellation we have chosen to highlight the art of free improvisation using electronic stringed-instruments. How do artists manage to find their way in such a fluctuating and problematical environment, and then convey their musical know-how? Rather than compiling data limited in time, we will attempt to understand what is being happening among contemporary improvisation in a specific context.The theoretical framework, inherited from jazz, points to a connection in the 20th century between recording and improvisation and operates on three levels: mechanical, analogue and digital. With the aid of two historical examples we try to understand how an improviser learns to play the keyboard while being at the same time confronted with a technical device of sound production and reproduction. The methodology / approach then presents a field investigation carried out in Montreal in 2013-2014 during a workshop involving six musicians. The monographs highlight the origins and sound memory of each artist which make up his musical individuality and allow him to perform when required. The improvised sessions under investigation do not represent a genre or identifiable musical tradition, as they derive indiscriminately from experimental music, electro-acoustics, free improvisation, free jazz and rock. However they cannot be dissociated from the context in which they emerged, i.e. the modern music scene in Quebec and the wider Montreal environment.Thanks to the concept of "audio-tactility", these practices are analysed focussing on how the artists use electronic circuits, i.e. what is the connexion between the material aspect of the devices and the sounds produced by listening and haptics. Does the improvisation stem from a mental construct, a building plan or engineered map and do the electronics have a bearing on the elaboration of the improvised discourse? Is there an underlying structure in the elaboration of an improvised discourse using electronic devices in combination with a live musical process? By feeding preexisting pieces through a sampler, improvisation can be thought of as a hypertext process. In this way we can observe whether digital techniques are an extension of mechanical and analogue recording techniques or whether indeed they break with them.

Este trabalho faz um levantamento da produção brasileira de luteria experimental, com ênfase na produção realizada ao longo das últimas duas décadas. Inicialmente é delineado um panorama de referências relacionadas com este tido de produção na literatura europeia e estadunidense, assim como discutida a atuação de alguns artistas e criadores fundamentais para o estabelecimento de práticas de luteria experimental no século XX. No segundo capítulo faço um levantamento de referências sobre este tipo de produção no Brasil, assim como relaciono artistas em atividade no país nos últimos 20 anos, detalhando na maior parte dos casos algumas de suas obras. Partindo deste panorama, realizo um estudo mais aprofundado sobre o instrumento conhecido por gatorra, fabricado por Tony da Gatorra, artesão, técnico em eletrônica e músico gaúcho que criou seu instrumento nos anos 1990 a partir de materiais de sucata, componentes eletrônicos reaproveitados e da combinação de projetos de circuitos eletrônicos geradores de som. Por fim, relaciono a produção estudada com referenciais que lidam com a noção de cultura material, alguns dos quais já realizam uma aproximação com a atividade musical e artística. / This work presents a survey on the Brazilian production of experimental lutherie, with emphasis on the production over the last two decades. A framework of references related to this production in the European and American literature is outlined as an introduction, as well as the works of some key artists and creators whose production influenced experimental instrument building practices in the 20th century. In the second chapter I make a survey of references on this type of production in Brazil, as well a profile of artists active in the country for the last 20 years, detailing in most cases some of his works. Based on this outline, I carry out a more detailed study on the instrument known as gatorra, manufactured by Tony da Gatorra, an artisan, technician and musician who created his instrument in the 1990s from scrap materials, reused electronic components and the combination of electronic circuits sound generators. Finally, I relate the production studied with references that deal with the notion of material culture, some of which already make an approximation with musical and artistic activity

Este trabalho faz um levantamento da produção brasileira de luteria experimental, com ênfase na produção realizada ao longo das últimas duas décadas. Inicialmente é delineado um panorama de referências relacionadas com este tido de produção na literatura europeia e estadunidense, assim como discutida a atuação de alguns artistas e criadores fundamentais para o estabelecimento de práticas de luteria experimental no século XX. No segundo capítulo faço um levantamento de referências sobre este tipo de produção no Brasil, assim como relaciono artistas em atividade no país nos últimos 20 anos, detalhando na maior parte dos casos algumas de suas obras. Partindo deste panorama, realizo um estudo mais aprofundado sobre o instrumento conhecido por gatorra, fabricado por Tony da Gatorra, artesão, técnico em eletrônica e músico gaúcho que criou seu instrumento nos anos 1990 a partir de materiais de sucata, componentes eletrônicos reaproveitados e da combinação de projetos de circuitos eletrônicos geradores de som. Por fim, relaciono a produção estudada com referenciais que lidam com a noção de cultura material, alguns dos quais já realizam uma aproximação com a atividade musical e artística. / This work presents a survey on the Brazilian production of experimental lutherie, with emphasis on the production over the last two decades. A framework of references related to this production in the European and American literature is outlined as an introduction, as well as the works of some key artists and creators whose production influenced experimental instrument building practices in the 20th century. In the second chapter I make a survey of references on this type of production in Brazil, as well a profile of artists active in the country for the last 20 years, detailing in most cases some of his works. Based on this outline, I carry out a more detailed study on the instrument known as gatorra, manufactured by Tony da Gatorra, an artisan, technician and musician who created his instrument in the 1990s from scrap materials, reused electronic components and the combination of electronic circuits sound generators. Finally, I relate the production studied with references that deal with the notion of material culture, some of which already make an approximation with musical and artistic activity

Nesta pesquisa analiso as metodologias de luteria experimental chamadas Circuit-Bending e Hardware Hacking, as quais englobo no termo Circuito Alterado, criado especificamente para este trabalho. Tais metodologias baseiam-se na construção de aparelhos musicais a partir da reutilização de componentes eletrônicos descartados. O principal objetivo desta dissertação é estabelecer relações contextuais entre os três atos fundamentais envolvidos na alteração de circuitos - abrir o circuito, tateá-lo em busca de sonoridades interessantes e multiplicar a metodologia, através de concertos, blogs e/ou oficinas - e questões culturais relacionadas a cada ato. / On this research I analyze the experimental luthier methodologies called Circuit-Bending and Hardware Hacking, which I call Circuito Alterado (Altered Circuits). This methodologies are based in the construction of musical instruments from the reuse of obsolete electronic components. The main goal of this dissertation is to establish contextual relationships between the tree acts involved in the methodologies - to open-up the circuit, to touch it, in the search of interesting sonorities and to multiply it, through concerts, blogs and/or workshops - and cultural issues related to each act.

Digital art installation is the result of informatic materials entering gallery spaces and challenging the establishment of media forms. This thesis contends that the open, recursive and recombinatory process of looking at digital installation is in fact the result of noisy relations between information and the spatial temporal contexts of the art gallery. In order to focus on the processes of informatic materials within gallery spaces, this thesis identifies four key modulations of noise and materiality ? emergence, feedback, entropy and delay. I demonstrate how these impact on a range of recent digital installations by Australian and New Zealand artists. The lens of digital materiality shifts from an informational context into that of art history where it is found to highlight the systemic relationality of the installation. The thesis opens with a consideration of histories of media-specificity, and argues for a necessary separation of our concepts of media and materiality. This context provides a set of tools by which the remainder of the thesis investigates a range of digital material flows that are not tied to fixed media definitions. I draw on a range of theorists including Umberto Eco, Gilles Deleuze, Claude Shannon and Jack Burnham to further locate these material flows within two strands: experimental sound and information theory. This discussion forms the basis of the thesis? re-appraisal of media distinctions and highlights the complex relationship of informational materials to both sonic and visual histories. The second half of the thesis undertakes an appraisal of emergence, feedback, entropy and delay in specific works and suggests dimensionality, movement and duration as key determinants of the digital installation. These chapters demonstrate that what is at stake in digital installation is the viewer?s implicit role in the shifting relationships of digital materiality. Overall, this thesis presents a framework for emergent materiality in digital installation. I develop a theory of emergent materiality as a process specific to digital installation, and argue that digital installation is in fact a subject-forming assemblage of information-noise in which relations of dimensionality, movement and duration coalesce without cohering. And, within which gallery spaces begin to get noisy.

Digital art installation is the result of informatic materials entering gallery spaces and challenging the establishment of media forms. This thesis contends that the open, recursive and recombinatory process of looking at digital installation is in fact the result of noisy relations between information and the spatial temporal contexts of the art gallery. In order to focus on the processes of informatic materials within gallery spaces, this thesis identifies four key modulations of noise and materiality ? emergence, feedback, entropy and delay. I demonstrate how these impact on a range of recent digital installations by Australian and New Zealand artists. The lens of digital materiality shifts from an informational context into that of art history where it is found to highlight the systemic relationality of the installation. The thesis opens with a consideration of histories of media-specificity, and argues for a necessary separation of our concepts of media and materiality. This context provides a set of tools by which the remainder of the thesis investigates a range of digital material flows that are not tied to fixed media definitions. I draw on a range of theorists including Umberto Eco, Gilles Deleuze, Claude Shannon and Jack Burnham to further locate these material flows within two strands: experimental sound and information theory. This discussion forms the basis of the thesis? re-appraisal of media distinctions and highlights the complex relationship of informational materials to both sonic and visual histories. The second half of the thesis undertakes an appraisal of emergence, feedback, entropy and delay in specific works and suggests dimensionality, movement and duration as key determinants of the digital installation. These chapters demonstrate that what is at stake in digital installation is the viewer?s implicit role in the shifting relationships of digital materiality. Overall, this thesis presents a framework for emergent materiality in digital installation. I develop a theory of emergent materiality as a process specific to digital installation, and argue that digital installation is in fact a subject-forming assemblage of information-noise in which relations of dimensionality, movement and duration coalesce without cohering. And, within which gallery spaces begin to get noisy.

Digital art installation is the result of informatic materials entering gallery spaces and challenging the establishment of media forms. This thesis contends that the open, recursive and recombinatory process of looking at digital installation is in fact the result of noisy relations between information and the spatial temporal contexts of the art gallery. In order to focus on the processes of informatic materials within gallery spaces, this thesis identifies four key modulations of noise and materiality ? emergence, feedback, entropy and delay. I demonstrate how these impact on a range of recent digital installations by Australian and New Zealand artists. The lens of digital materiality shifts from an informational context into that of art history where it is found to highlight the systemic relationality of the installation. The thesis opens with a consideration of histories of media-specificity, and argues for a necessary separation of our concepts of media and materiality. This context provides a set of tools by which the remainder of the thesis investigates a range of digital material flows that are not tied to fixed media definitions. I draw on a range of theorists including Umberto Eco, Gilles Deleuze, Claude Shannon and Jack Burnham to further locate these material flows within two strands: experimental sound and information theory. This discussion forms the basis of the thesis? re-appraisal of media distinctions and highlights the complex relationship of informational materials to both sonic and visual histories. The second half of the thesis undertakes an appraisal of emergence, feedback, entropy and delay in specific works and suggests dimensionality, movement and duration as key determinants of the digital installation. These chapters demonstrate that what is at stake in digital installation is the viewer?s implicit role in the shifting relationships of digital materiality. Overall, this thesis presents a framework for emergent materiality in digital installation. I develop a theory of emergent materiality as a process specific to digital installation, and argue that digital installation is in fact a subject-forming assemblage of information-noise in which relations of dimensionality, movement and duration coalesce without cohering. And, within which gallery spaces begin to get noisy.

Digital art installation is the result of informatic materials entering gallery spaces and challenging the establishment of media forms. This thesis contends that the open, recursive and recombinatory process of looking at digital installation is in fact the result of noisy relations between information and the spatial temporal contexts of the art gallery. In order to focus on the processes of informatic materials within gallery spaces, this thesis identifies four key modulations of noise and materiality ? emergence, feedback, entropy and delay. I demonstrate how these impact on a range of recent digital installations by Australian and New Zealand artists. The lens of digital materiality shifts from an informational context into that of art history where it is found to highlight the systemic relationality of the installation. The thesis opens with a consideration of histories of media-specificity, and argues for a necessary separation of our concepts of media and materiality. This context provides a set of tools by which the remainder of the thesis investigates a range of digital material flows that are not tied to fixed media definitions. I draw on a range of theorists including Umberto Eco, Gilles Deleuze, Claude Shannon and Jack Burnham to further locate these material flows within two strands: experimental sound and information theory. This discussion forms the basis of the thesis? re-appraisal of media distinctions and highlights the complex relationship of informational materials to both sonic and visual histories. The second half of the thesis undertakes an appraisal of emergence, feedback, entropy and delay in specific works and suggests dimensionality, movement and duration as key determinants of the digital installation. These chapters demonstrate that what is at stake in digital installation is the viewer?s implicit role in the shifting relationships of digital materiality. Overall, this thesis presents a framework for emergent materiality in digital installation. I develop a theory of emergent materiality as a process specific to digital installation, and argue that digital installation is in fact a subject-forming assemblage of information-noise in which relations of dimensionality, movement and duration coalesce without cohering. And, within which gallery spaces begin to get noisy.

Nesta pesquisa analiso as metodologias de luteria experimental chamadas Circuit-Bending e Hardware Hacking, as quais englobo no termo Circuito Alterado, criado especificamente para este trabalho. Tais metodologias baseiam-se na construção de aparelhos musicais a partir da reutilização de componentes eletrônicos descartados. O principal objetivo desta dissertação é estabelecer relações contextuais entre os três atos fundamentais envolvidos na alteração de circuitos - abrir o circuito, tateá-lo em busca de sonoridades interessantes e multiplicar a metodologia, através de concertos, blogs e/ou oficinas - e questões culturais relacionadas a cada ato. / On this research I analyze the experimental luthier methodologies called Circuit-Bending and Hardware Hacking, which I call Circuito Alterado (Altered Circuits). This methodologies are based in the construction of musical instruments from the reuse of obsolete electronic components. The main goal of this dissertation is to establish contextual relationships between the tree acts involved in the methodologies - to open-up the circuit, to touch it, in the search of interesting sonorities and to multiply it, through concerts, blogs and/or workshops - and cultural issues related to each act.