ABSTRACT CLINICAL OUTCOMES INVOLVING THE USE OF EXTRACORPOREAL MAGNETIC INNERVATION IN THE TREATMENT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE by KATHY E. DAVIS Urinary incontinence affects approximately 25 million Americans, significantly diminishing their function and quality of life. It is estimated that 50% of all women will experience some form of urinary incontinence in their lifetime. Although women are disproportionately affected by urinary incontinence, 69% of men who have undergone prostatectomy also report post-surgical incontinence. Extracorporeal Magnetic Innervation (ExMI) is a novel conservative approach to the treatment of urinary incontinence. As a patient sits fully clothed on a chair, an electromagnet delivers a timed magnetic field that penetrates the pelvic floor, inducing a nerve impulse that prompts contractions of the muscles of the pelvic floor. When the magnet is switched off, the muscles relax. This forced, passive exercise of the pelvic floor muscles serves to build endurance and strengthen the muscles supporting the bladder during times of physical stress such as coughing, laughing or running. This study is a descriptive, retrospective analysis of data collected from a specialty continence center within a major Atlanta metropolitan outpatient facility. The records for all patients who received ExMI from 2000 to 2012 were reviewed. Of the 43 patients who had received ExMI, 35 met study inclusion criteria. Eight patients were eliminated from the study. Four of these patients experienced ExMI benefits for conditions unrelated to urinary incontinence and are discussed. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. . The majority of the patients were women (n=26, 74%); most patients had stress urinary incontinence (n=16, 46%) or mixed urinary incontinence (n=12, 34%). The patient outcome was determined by comparing the pad usage before treatment and at the end of treatment (16 weeks). The average number of pads used daily was significantly reduced to 1.6 3 + 0.94 (p<.0001). Treatment with ExMI for urinary incontinence was briefly popular in the United States shortly after it was introduced. Although ExMI is used extensively across Europe and Asia, very few studies on the efficacy of ExMI appear in the literature. These results will add to this body of knowledge.

Circulating neutrophil activation occurs during cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and is implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammatory tissue injury and peri-operative organ dysfunction. However, neutrophil directed antiinflammatory strategies have failed to demonstrate consistent therapeutic benefit indicating that the nature and significance of peri-operative circulating neutrophil activation remains incompletely defined. In particular, conformational activation of the b2 integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), which is required for neutrophil adhesion competence and facilitation of effector functions, has not previously been investigated during cardiac surgery, and the relative contribution of cellular activation and bone marrow neutrophil recruitment to peri-operative changes in circulating neutrophil phenotype and function is unknown. A novel whole blood flow cytometric technique was used to analyze circulating neutrophil phenotype (total Mac-1, conformationally-active CD11b, CD10, CD16, L-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) and function in cardiac surgery patients to characterize the nature of changes in Mac-1 expression and activation status, and the effects of relative neutrophil immaturity on circulating neutrophil phenotype and function. The effect of heparin, a known CD11b ligand, on Mac-1 epitope expression was also investigated. Circulating neutrophil numbers observed during ECC were mathematically modeled to determine the acute response of the bone marrow neutrophil reserve to an inflammatory stimulus. Plasma cytokine, chemokine and acute phase mediators were measured in cardiac and lung surgery patients to determine potential regulators of systemic neutrophil recruitment. Neutrophils newlyemergent from the bone marrow were characterized as CD10-/CD16low and exhibited distinct changes in cell surface markers and enhanced functional responses, relative to their more mature CD10+ counterparts. Conformational activation of CD11b occurred peri-operatively and provided a more sensitive measure of circulating neutrophil activation status than changes in total Mac-1 or L-selectin expression, although detection of Mac-1 epitopes was reduced in the presence of heparin. Modeling of circulating neutrophil numbers predicted that post-mitotic maturation time was acutely abbreviated by 8.4 hours during 71 minutes of ECC. Systemic chemokine release occurred with cardiac but not non-cardiac thoracic surgery indicating some specificity of the acute inflammatory response. These findings expand the understanding of peri-operative circulating neutrophil activation and recruitment, and identify potential therapeutic targets to limit neutrophil injurious potential during cardiac surgery with ECC.

Orientador: Orlando Petrucci Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T03:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Torina_AnaliGalluce_M.pdf: 3740234 bytes, checksum: f37f64e7d0f1526a0fef521a621823f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo:Introdução: A resposta inflamatória após a circulação extracorpórea (CEC) em cirurgia cardíaca colabora para o aumento de mortalidade e morbidade pós-operatória. A ultrafiltração modificada (UFM) foi descri ta como capaz de melhorar a função pulmonar, hemodinâmica e inflamatória na população pediátrica submetida a cirurgia cardíaca. Entretanto, isto não está bem documentado e definido em pacientes adultos. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da ultrafiltração modificada em pacientes adultos submetidos a revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio sob o aspecto inflamatório e clínico com uso de CEC. Material e Método: Foram estudados 37 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: 17 pacientes no grupo controle e 20 pacientes no grupo UFM. Analisamos variáveis demográficas, hemodinâmicas, pulmonares e mediadores inflamatórios na indução anestésica, durante a operação e até 48 horas de pós-operatório em ambos os grupos. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos quanto aos dados demográficos e nas variáveis hemodinâmicas estudadas. Observamos aumento do hematócrito no grupo UFM imediatamente após a ultrafiltração quando comparado com o grupo controle (P<0,05), contudo, esta diferença não se manteve até o final do período de observação. A resistência das vias aéreas diminuiu no grupo UFM durante o intraoperatório. Observamos menor sangramento pós-operatório (P<0,01) e menor necessidade de transfusão (P=0,01) no grupo UFM. Não foi observado diferença entre os grupos para a IL6, P-selectina, E-selectina. A I-CAM apresentou aumento no grupo UFM logo após a ultrafiltração (P< 0,01). O receptor do fator de necrose tumoral alfa II (receptor TNF-? II) mostrou elevação dos níveis séricos ao final de 48 horas de observação no grupo UFM. Conclusão: A UFM não demonstrou diferença entre os grupos em relação aos parâmetros hemodinâmicos, respiratórios e inflamatórios estudados. O UFM proporcionou menor sangramento pós-operatório e menor necessidade de transfusão de concentrado de hemáceas. A UFM demonstrou ser segura e sem complicações relacionadas, podendo ser útil para o manejo da volemia intraoperatória / Abstract: Introduction: The systemic inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery increases mortality and postoperative morbidity. The modified ultrafiltration (MUF) has been described in children and has been shown improvements on pulmonary function, hemodynamics, and inflammatory response. However, in adults, the same benefits were not well documented. Objective: Assess the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes of the modified ultrafiltration in adults underwent elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven patients were evaluated either into two groups: Control group without MUF (N=17) and MUF group (N=20) submitted to 15 minutes of modified ultrafiltration. The demographics, hemodynamics, pulmonary and inflammatory mediators at the induction of anesthesia, during operation and up to 48 hours postoperatively were evaluated. Results: The demographics data and hemodynamic variables were comparable in both groups. The hematocrit was higher in the MUF group immediately after ultrafiltration when compared the the control group (P <0.05). However, this difference was not steady by the end of the observation period. The airway resistance decreased in the MUF group right after the ultrafiltration. The MUF group showed lower postoperative bleeding (P <0.01) and lower requirements of blood units transfusion (P = 0.01). The IL-6, P-selectin, and Eselectin, were comparable in both groups. The I-CAM showed an increase in the MUF group after ultrafiltration (P <0.01). The tumor necrosis factor receptor II was higher by 48 hours of postoperative time in the MUF group. Conclusion: The MUF showed no differences between groups regarding hemodynamic, respiratory function, and inflammatory mediators. The MUF provided lower postoperative bleeding and lower requirements for red blood cells units transfusion. The MUF showed to be safe and without complications, and might be useful for the fluid management during the cardiac surgeries. We were unable to demonstrate a significant impact of MUF on the outcome of adults after coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries / Mestrado / Pesquisa Experimental / Mestre em Cirurgia

The purpose of this study is to summarize the results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for renal stones following failed extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), and to investigate the effect of previous SWL on the performances and morbidities of subsequent PCNL. Sixty-two patients with a history of failed SWL who underwent PCNL on the same kidney (group 1) were compared to 273 patients who had received PCNL as first treatment choice (group 2). Patient demographics, stone characteristics, operative findings, and complications were documented and compared. Groups 1 and 2 had similar patient demographics and stone characteristics. Mean time to establish access was comparable in both groups (10.5 ± 4.2 vs. 9.6 ± 4.5 min, p = 0.894). Time required to remove stones and total operative time were longer in group 1 (71.5 ± 10.3 vs. 62.3 ± 8.6 min, p = 0.011 and 95.8 ± 12.0 vs. 80.6 ± 13.2 min., p = 0.018, respectively). Group 1 had lower clearance rate compared to group 2 (83.9 vs. 93.4 %, p = 0.021), while postoperative complications were similar in both groups. Scattered stone fragments buried within the tissues made the procedure more difficult for stone fragmenting and extracting, which lead to longer operative time and inferior stone free rate. However, the PCNL procedure was safe and effective in patients with failed SWL. The risk of complications was similar and clearance rate was encouraging.

The purpose of this study is to summarize the results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for renal stones following failed extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), and to investigate the effect of previous SWL on the performances and morbidities of subsequent PCNL. Sixty-two patients with a history of failed SWL who underwent PCNL on the same kidney (group 1) were compared to 273 patients who had received PCNL as first treatment choice (group 2). Patient demographics, stone characteristics, operative findings, and complications were documented and compared. Groups 1 and 2 had similar patient demographics and stone characteristics. Mean time to establish access was comparable in both groups (10.5 ± 4.2 vs. 9.6 ± 4.5 min, p = 0.894). Time required to remove stones and total operative time were longer in group 1 (71.5 ± 10.3 vs. 62.3 ± 8.6 min, p = 0.011 and 95.8 ± 12.0 vs. 80.6 ± 13.2 min., p = 0.018, respectively). Group 1 had lower clearance rate compared to group 2 (83.9 vs. 93.4 %, p = 0.021), while postoperative complications were similar in both groups. Scattered stone fragments buried within the tissues made the procedure more difficult for stone fragmenting and extracting, which lead to longer operative time and inferior stone free rate. However, the PCNL procedure was safe and effective in patients with failed SWL. The risk of complications was similar and clearance rate was encouraging.

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on spinal mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) and multifidus muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in horses with thoracolumbar pain. We hypothesized that ESWT would increase MNT and multifidus CSA. Twelve horses with thoracolumbar pain were included. Prior to treatment, each thoracolumbar spine was radiographed to document existing pathology. Horses received 3 ESWT treatments, 2 weeks apart (days 0, 14, 28). Palpation scores were documented (days 0, 45, 65) and ultrasonographic CSA of left and right multifidus was recorded at T12, T14, T16, T18, L3 and L5 (days 0, 45, 65). MNT was measured at T12, T14, T16, T18, L3 and L5 every 7 days (day 0-56). Change in MNT in 10/12 horses was significant at each timepoint compared to day 0 (P<0.05). MNT increased at all timepoints at 6 sites in 2/12, at 5 sites in 3/12, at 4 sites in 4/12 and at 1 site in 1/12 (P<0.05). MNT average percent increase from day 0-56 was 64% for T12-T18 and 29% for L3-L5. There was no statistical difference in MNT from day 35-56 (P=0.25). A bimodal analgesic trend was observed following ESWT. Degree of radiographic change was not associated with response to treatment and no significant change in multifidus CSA was observed. In conclusion, 3 treatments of ESWT 2 weeks apart raised MNT over a 56-day period in horses with back pain, but did not influence change in CSA of the multifidus. / Master of Science / Back pain in the horse is a frequently diagnosed and treated cause of back stiffness, lameness, poor performance and/or avoidance behavior under saddle. Treatment is focused on reducing pain and inflammation and on strengthening and promoting proper muscle development to maintain long term results. Recently, rehabilitation of the deep spinal stabilizer multifidus muscle, particularly with regard to increased cross-sectional area (CSA), has become a focus of targeted physiotherapy. Assessment of the degree of pain is subjective due to individual interpretation and palpation technique. In an attempt to standardize quantification of pain, pressure algometry has become a validated, objective and repeatable measure of axial skeleton mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), which is defined as the minimum pressure required to induce a pain response. Although many treatment options for back pain exist, there is limited research documenting the efficacy of these treatments in horses. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT), which consists of focused, high velocity acoustic waves, is one type of non-invasive, well-tolerated treatment for back pain. Despite its popularity, there is no research documenting the effects of ESWT on equine spinal MNT or multifidus muscle CSA. This is the first study to document the effects of ESWT on spinal MNT and multifidus muscle CSA in horses with back pain. We hope that the results of this study will help guide treatment decisions for horses with back pain.

Mortality in infarct-related cardiogenic shock (CS) remains high, reaching 40–50%. In refractory CS, active mechanical circulatory support devices including veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) are rapidly evolving. However, supporting evidence of VA-ECMO therapy in infarct-related CS is low. The current review aims to give an overview on the basics of VA-ECMO therapy, current evidence, ongoing trials, patient selection and potential complications.

No description available.

O objetivo desta dissertação foi descrever em veterinária seqüência padrão de procedimentos que devem ser realizados nos períodos pré, trans e pós-circulação extracorpórea (CEC) para sua aplicação em cão, com base na literatura existente, e em observações levadas a efeito no Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica, do Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo. O referido trabalho concerne sobre a escolha do material, montagem e preparo da máquina ECOBEC ? Braile Biomédica - para circulação extracorpórea em cães, e descreve procedimentos básicos para entrada, condução, monitorização e saída de CEC, a fim de obter-se resultado técnico exeqüível no procedimento. Diante do exposto na literatura compulsada, baseado na metodologia e material proposto e com observações pessoais, é licito afirmar que esta é factível, desde que obedecidos os preceitos enumerados e descritos no presente trabalho para os períodos pré, trans e pós-circulação extracorpórea. / The purpose of this assay was to describe the standard basic procedures that should be followed before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in dogs, based on the existing literature and personal observations that took place in the Laboratory of Cardiothoracic Surgery, of the Surgical Department of the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia of the University of São Paulo. This assay reports how to choose the material, to prepare and to assemble the ECOBEC machine ? Braile Biomédica ? for cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs, and describes the basic procedures to start, conduct, follow up and finish it, in order to obtain a feasible technical results. Based on the literature, based on the methodology and material proposed and personal observations, it is reliable to state that this procedure can be accomplished since all paths described are followed before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass.

A aprotinina, um inibidor de serinoproteinase ácido resistente de massa molar de 7 kDa, é utilizada como insumo ou medicamento. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi purificar a aprotinina a partir de pulmão suíno. Três procedimentos foram utilizados. O primeiro procedimento utilizou a coluna de tripsina-agarose, o segundo procedimento utilizou a filtração tangencial e coluna de tripsina-Sepharose. O terceiro procedimento utilizou três cromatografias: filtração em gel, troca-iônica e afinidade (tripsina-agarose). A aprotinina suína foi purificada de pulmão utilizando o terceiro procedimento. A seqüência parcial do gene da aprotinina suína apresentou 74% de identidade com a seqüência do gene da aprotinina bovina. Outros dois inibidores de serinoproteinases ácido resistentes foram purificados, são eles: o fragmento ativo do segundo domínio do inibidor de leucoprotease secretada (SLPI), e um segundo inibidor de alta massa molecular, provavelmente bikunina. O protocolo de purificação utilizado neste trabalho recuperou 85mg de aprotinina suína por kg de pulmão. / Aprotinin, an acid stable serine proteinase inhibitor with a molecular mass of 7 kDa, is used as a reagent or drug. The purification of the aprotinin from porcine lungs was the main objective of this work. Three procedures were used. The first one utilized the trypsin-agarose column. The tangential ultra filtration and trypsin-Sepharose column were used in the second procedure. And finally, the gel filtration, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography were employed in the third procedure. The porcine lung aprotinin was purified using the third procedure. The partial sequence of the aprotinin gene was obtained and showed 74% of the identity with the aprotinin bovine gene sequence. Another two acid stable serine proteinase inhibitors were purified: the active fragment of the secretory leukoprotease inhibitor second domain, and one high molecular mass inhibitor, probably bikunina. The purification protocol used in this work recovered 85mg of the porcine aprotinin from kg of lung.