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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Effects of extracorporeal circulation on free tissue transfers.

January 1989 (has links)
by Dai Kang Sheng. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 127-130.
2

Circulating neutrophil activation and recruitment during the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation

Orr, Yishay, Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW January 2008 (has links)
Circulating neutrophil activation occurs during cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and is implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammatory tissue injury and peri-operative organ dysfunction. However, neutrophil directed antiinflammatory strategies have failed to demonstrate consistent therapeutic benefit indicating that the nature and significance of peri-operative circulating neutrophil activation remains incompletely defined. In particular, conformational activation of the b2 integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), which is required for neutrophil adhesion competence and facilitation of effector functions, has not previously been investigated during cardiac surgery, and the relative contribution of cellular activation and bone marrow neutrophil recruitment to peri-operative changes in circulating neutrophil phenotype and function is unknown. A novel whole blood flow cytometric technique was used to analyze circulating neutrophil phenotype (total Mac-1, conformationally-active CD11b, CD10, CD16, L-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) and function in cardiac surgery patients to characterize the nature of changes in Mac-1 expression and activation status, and the effects of relative neutrophil immaturity on circulating neutrophil phenotype and function. The effect of heparin, a known CD11b ligand, on Mac-1 epitope expression was also investigated. Circulating neutrophil numbers observed during ECC were mathematically modeled to determine the acute response of the bone marrow neutrophil reserve to an inflammatory stimulus. Plasma cytokine, chemokine and acute phase mediators were measured in cardiac and lung surgery patients to determine potential regulators of systemic neutrophil recruitment. Neutrophils newlyemergent from the bone marrow were characterized as CD10-/CD16low and exhibited distinct changes in cell surface markers and enhanced functional responses, relative to their more mature CD10+ counterparts. Conformational activation of CD11b occurred peri-operatively and provided a more sensitive measure of circulating neutrophil activation status than changes in total Mac-1 or L-selectin expression, although detection of Mac-1 epitopes was reduced in the presence of heparin. Modeling of circulating neutrophil numbers predicted that post-mitotic maturation time was acutely abbreviated by 8.4 hours during 71 minutes of ECC. Systemic chemokine release occurred with cardiac but not non-cardiac thoracic surgery indicating some specificity of the acute inflammatory response. These findings expand the understanding of peri-operative circulating neutrophil activation and recruitment, and identify potential therapeutic targets to limit neutrophil injurious potential during cardiac surgery with ECC.
3

Circulating neutrophil activation and recruitment during the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation

Orr, Yishay, Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW January 2008 (has links)
Circulating neutrophil activation occurs during cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and is implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammatory tissue injury and peri-operative organ dysfunction. However, neutrophil directed antiinflammatory strategies have failed to demonstrate consistent therapeutic benefit indicating that the nature and significance of peri-operative circulating neutrophil activation remains incompletely defined. In particular, conformational activation of the b2 integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), which is required for neutrophil adhesion competence and facilitation of effector functions, has not previously been investigated during cardiac surgery, and the relative contribution of cellular activation and bone marrow neutrophil recruitment to peri-operative changes in circulating neutrophil phenotype and function is unknown. A novel whole blood flow cytometric technique was used to analyze circulating neutrophil phenotype (total Mac-1, conformationally-active CD11b, CD10, CD16, L-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) and function in cardiac surgery patients to characterize the nature of changes in Mac-1 expression and activation status, and the effects of relative neutrophil immaturity on circulating neutrophil phenotype and function. The effect of heparin, a known CD11b ligand, on Mac-1 epitope expression was also investigated. Circulating neutrophil numbers observed during ECC were mathematically modeled to determine the acute response of the bone marrow neutrophil reserve to an inflammatory stimulus. Plasma cytokine, chemokine and acute phase mediators were measured in cardiac and lung surgery patients to determine potential regulators of systemic neutrophil recruitment. Neutrophils newlyemergent from the bone marrow were characterized as CD10-/CD16low and exhibited distinct changes in cell surface markers and enhanced functional responses, relative to their more mature CD10+ counterparts. Conformational activation of CD11b occurred peri-operatively and provided a more sensitive measure of circulating neutrophil activation status than changes in total Mac-1 or L-selectin expression, although detection of Mac-1 epitopes was reduced in the presence of heparin. Modeling of circulating neutrophil numbers predicted that post-mitotic maturation time was acutely abbreviated by 8.4 hours during 71 minutes of ECC. Systemic chemokine release occurred with cardiac but not non-cardiac thoracic surgery indicating some specificity of the acute inflammatory response. These findings expand the understanding of peri-operative circulating neutrophil activation and recruitment, and identify potential therapeutic targets to limit neutrophil injurious potential during cardiac surgery with ECC.
4

Ultrafiltração modificada em pacientes submetidos a revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio = avaliação de parâmetros clinicos e inflamatórios / Modified ultrafiltration in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting : evaluation of clinical and inflammatory

Torina, Anali Galluce, 1981- 16 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Orlando Petrucci Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T03:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Torina_AnaliGalluce_M.pdf: 3740234 bytes, checksum: f37f64e7d0f1526a0fef521a621823f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo:Introdução: A resposta inflamatória após a circulação extracorpórea (CEC) em cirurgia cardíaca colabora para o aumento de mortalidade e morbidade pós-operatória. A ultrafiltração modificada (UFM) foi descri ta como capaz de melhorar a função pulmonar, hemodinâmica e inflamatória na população pediátrica submetida a cirurgia cardíaca. Entretanto, isto não está bem documentado e definido em pacientes adultos. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da ultrafiltração modificada em pacientes adultos submetidos a revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio sob o aspecto inflamatório e clínico com uso de CEC. Material e Método: Foram estudados 37 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: 17 pacientes no grupo controle e 20 pacientes no grupo UFM. Analisamos variáveis demográficas, hemodinâmicas, pulmonares e mediadores inflamatórios na indução anestésica, durante a operação e até 48 horas de pós-operatório em ambos os grupos. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos quanto aos dados demográficos e nas variáveis hemodinâmicas estudadas. Observamos aumento do hematócrito no grupo UFM imediatamente após a ultrafiltração quando comparado com o grupo controle (P<0,05), contudo, esta diferença não se manteve até o final do período de observação. A resistência das vias aéreas diminuiu no grupo UFM durante o intraoperatório. Observamos menor sangramento pós-operatório (P<0,01) e menor necessidade de transfusão (P=0,01) no grupo UFM. Não foi observado diferença entre os grupos para a IL6, P-selectina, E-selectina. A I-CAM apresentou aumento no grupo UFM logo após a ultrafiltração (P< 0,01). O receptor do fator de necrose tumoral alfa II (receptor TNF-? II) mostrou elevação dos níveis séricos ao final de 48 horas de observação no grupo UFM. Conclusão: A UFM não demonstrou diferença entre os grupos em relação aos parâmetros hemodinâmicos, respiratórios e inflamatórios estudados. O UFM proporcionou menor sangramento pós-operatório e menor necessidade de transfusão de concentrado de hemáceas. A UFM demonstrou ser segura e sem complicações relacionadas, podendo ser útil para o manejo da volemia intraoperatória / Abstract: Introduction: The systemic inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery increases mortality and postoperative morbidity. The modified ultrafiltration (MUF) has been described in children and has been shown improvements on pulmonary function, hemodynamics, and inflammatory response. However, in adults, the same benefits were not well documented. Objective: Assess the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes of the modified ultrafiltration in adults underwent elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven patients were evaluated either into two groups: Control group without MUF (N=17) and MUF group (N=20) submitted to 15 minutes of modified ultrafiltration. The demographics, hemodynamics, pulmonary and inflammatory mediators at the induction of anesthesia, during operation and up to 48 hours postoperatively were evaluated. Results: The demographics data and hemodynamic variables were comparable in both groups. The hematocrit was higher in the MUF group immediately after ultrafiltration when compared the the control group (P <0.05). However, this difference was not steady by the end of the observation period. The airway resistance decreased in the MUF group right after the ultrafiltration. The MUF group showed lower postoperative bleeding (P <0.01) and lower requirements of blood units transfusion (P = 0.01). The IL-6, P-selectin, and Eselectin, were comparable in both groups. The I-CAM showed an increase in the MUF group after ultrafiltration (P <0.01). The tumor necrosis factor receptor II was higher by 48 hours of postoperative time in the MUF group. Conclusion: The MUF showed no differences between groups regarding hemodynamic, respiratory function, and inflammatory mediators. The MUF provided lower postoperative bleeding and lower requirements for red blood cells units transfusion. The MUF showed to be safe and without complications, and might be useful for the fluid management during the cardiac surgeries. We were unable to demonstrate a significant impact of MUF on the outcome of adults after coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries / Mestrado / Pesquisa Experimental / Mestre em Cirurgia
5

Procedimentos básicos padronizados aplicados nos períodos pré, trans e pós-circulação extracorpórea em cães / Standard basic procedures applied before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs

Kwasnicka, Karina Lacava 26 September 2003 (has links)
O objetivo desta dissertação foi descrever em veterinária seqüência padrão de procedimentos que devem ser realizados nos períodos pré, trans e pós-circulação extracorpórea (CEC) para sua aplicação em cão, com base na literatura existente, e em observações levadas a efeito no Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica, do Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo. O referido trabalho concerne sobre a escolha do material, montagem e preparo da máquina ECOBEC ? Braile Biomédica - para circulação extracorpórea em cães, e descreve procedimentos básicos para entrada, condução, monitorização e saída de CEC, a fim de obter-se resultado técnico exeqüível no procedimento. Diante do exposto na literatura compulsada, baseado na metodologia e material proposto e com observações pessoais, é licito afirmar que esta é factível, desde que obedecidos os preceitos enumerados e descritos no presente trabalho para os períodos pré, trans e pós-circulação extracorpórea. / The purpose of this assay was to describe the standard basic procedures that should be followed before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in dogs, based on the existing literature and personal observations that took place in the Laboratory of Cardiothoracic Surgery, of the Surgical Department of the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia of the University of São Paulo. This assay reports how to choose the material, to prepare and to assemble the ECOBEC machine ? Braile Biomédica ? for cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs, and describes the basic procedures to start, conduct, follow up and finish it, in order to obtain a feasible technical results. Based on the literature, based on the methodology and material proposed and personal observations, it is reliable to state that this procedure can be accomplished since all paths described are followed before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass.
6

Purificação e caracterização da aprotinina obtida de pulmão suíno. / Purification and characterization of the aprotinin from porcine lung.

Dias, Sandra de Cássia 16 December 2008 (has links)
A aprotinina, um inibidor de serinoproteinase ácido resistente de massa molar de 7 kDa, é utilizada como insumo ou medicamento. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi purificar a aprotinina a partir de pulmão suíno. Três procedimentos foram utilizados. O primeiro procedimento utilizou a coluna de tripsina-agarose, o segundo procedimento utilizou a filtração tangencial e coluna de tripsina-Sepharose. O terceiro procedimento utilizou três cromatografias: filtração em gel, troca-iônica e afinidade (tripsina-agarose). A aprotinina suína foi purificada de pulmão utilizando o terceiro procedimento. A seqüência parcial do gene da aprotinina suína apresentou 74% de identidade com a seqüência do gene da aprotinina bovina. Outros dois inibidores de serinoproteinases ácido resistentes foram purificados, são eles: o fragmento ativo do segundo domínio do inibidor de leucoprotease secretada (SLPI), e um segundo inibidor de alta massa molecular, provavelmente bikunina. O protocolo de purificação utilizado neste trabalho recuperou 85mg de aprotinina suína por kg de pulmão. / Aprotinin, an acid stable serine proteinase inhibitor with a molecular mass of 7 kDa, is used as a reagent or drug. The purification of the aprotinin from porcine lungs was the main objective of this work. Three procedures were used. The first one utilized the trypsin-agarose column. The tangential ultra filtration and trypsin-Sepharose column were used in the second procedure. And finally, the gel filtration, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography were employed in the third procedure. The porcine lung aprotinin was purified using the third procedure. The partial sequence of the aprotinin gene was obtained and showed 74% of the identity with the aprotinin bovine gene sequence. Another two acid stable serine proteinase inhibitors were purified: the active fragment of the secretory leukoprotease inhibitor second domain, and one high molecular mass inhibitor, probably bikunina. The purification protocol used in this work recovered 85mg of the porcine aprotinin from kg of lung.
7

Avaliação farmacocinética e farmacodinâmica do propofol em pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio, com ou sem utilização de circulação extracorpórea / Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, with or without cardiopulmonary bypass

Barbosa, Ricardo Antonio Guimarães 14 December 2004 (has links)
A circulação extracorpórea (CEC) pode alterar a concentração plasmática prevista para fármacos administrados durante a anestesia. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar os efeitos da CEC sobre a farmacocinética, farmacodinâmica e as concentrações plasmáticas do propofol em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (RM) com ou sem utilização de CEC, correlacionando-se às concentrações plasmáticas obtidas com as previstas por infusão contínua alvo-controlada. Dez pacientes submetidos à RM com CEC (Grupo CEC) e dez sem CEC (Grupo sem CEC) foram comparados em relação à concentração plasmática obtida, utilizando-se cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e aquela prevista por infusão alvo-controlada, em relação à farmacocinética (t1/2ß, volume de distribuição e clearance plasmático), ao grau de hipnose (índice bispectral) e aos parâmetros hemodinâmicos (pressão arterial média e freqüência cardíaca), avaliados nos períodos intra-operatório e pós-operatório imediato. Os dados foram avaliados pela análise de variância para medidas repetidas, considerando-se significativo p<0,05. A concentração obtida de propofol foi maior no grupo sem CEC nos momentos 120 min (3,32±1,76 no grupo sem CEC e 2,48±1,12 no grupo CEC, p=0,005) e 240 min (3,24±2,71 no grupo sem CEC e 2,23±2,48 no grupo CEC, p=0,0212) após o início da cirurgia. A concentração medida de propofol foi maior que a prevista nos 2 grupos, com valores superiores no grupo sem CEC (p=0,02). O t1/2 ß foi maior no grupo sem CEC (3,67±1,15 grupo sem CEC e 1,82±0,5 no grupo CEC, p=0,0005) e o clearance plasmático maior no grupo CEC (28,36±11,40 no grupo CEC e 18,29±7,67 no grupo sem CEC, p=0,03). O grau de hipnose foi superior no grupo CEC. Os grupos não diferiram quanto à análise hemodinâmica. Conclui-se que a CEC promove alterações na farmacocinética e nas concentrações plasmáticas de propofol, com conseqüente diferença no grau de hipnose em relação aos pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio sem utilização de CEC / Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can alter predicted plasmatic concentration of drugs administered during anesthesia. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass under pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and plasmatic concentration of propofol in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) with or without CPB, comparing measured plasmatic concentration with predicted concentration administered by target-controlled infusion. Ten patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery with CPB (CPB Group, n=10) and ten without CPB (off-pump Group, n=10) were compared in relaction to measured plasmatic concentration using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and predicted concentration administered by target-controlled infusion, pharmacokinetics (t1/2 ß, volume of distribution and total clearance), hypnosis degree (bispectral index) and hemodynamics parameters (mean arterial pressure and heart rate) during and after surgery. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance for repeated measures (*p<0,05). Measured plasmatic concentration was higher in off-pump group in the moments 120 min (3,32±1,76 in off-pump group and 2,48±1,12 in CPB group, p=0,005) and 240 min (3,24±2,71 in off-pump group and 2,23±2,48 in CPB group, p=0,0212) after the beginning of surgery. Measured plasmatic concentration was higher than predicted in two groups, with superior values in off-pump group (p=0,02). T1/2 ß was greater in off-pump group (3,67±1,15 in off-pump group and 1,82±0,5 in CPB group, p=0,0005) and total clearance was higher in CPB group (28,36±11,40 in CPB group and 18,29±7,67 in off-pump group, p=0,03). Hypnosis degree was greater in CPB group. Hemodynamics parameters did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, CPB causes alterations on pharmacokinetics and under propofol plasmatic concentration with higher hypnosis degree when compared with patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery without CPB (off-pump group)
8

Avaliação da função pulmonar em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea / Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, with or without cardiopulmonary bypass

Barbosa, Ricardo Antonio Guimarães 18 January 2000 (has links)
A circulação extracorpórea (CEC) pode alterar a concentração plasmática prevista para fármacos administrados durante a anestesia. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar os efeitos da CEC sobre a farmacocinética, farmacodinâmica e as concentrações plasmáticas do propofol em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (RM) com ou sem utilização de CEC, correlacionando-se às concentrações plasmáticas obtidas com as previstas por infusão contínua alvo-controlada. Dez pacientes submetidos à RM com CEC (Grupo CEC) e dez sem CEC (Grupo sem CEC) foram comparados em relação à concentração plasmática obtida, utilizando-se cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e aquela prevista por infusão alvo-controlada, em relação à farmacocinética (t1/2ß, volume de distribuição e clearance plasmático), ao grau de hipnose (índice bispectral) e aos parâmetros hemodinâmicos (pressão arterial média e freqüência cardíaca), avaliados nos períodos intra-operatório e pós-operatório imediato. Os dados foram avaliados pela análise de variância para medidas repetidas, considerando-se significativo p < 0,05. A concentração obtida de propofol foi maior no grupo sem CEC nos momentos 120 min (3,32±1,76 no grupo sem CEC e 2,48±1,12 no grupo CEC, p=0,005) e 240 min (3,24±2,71 no grupo sem CEC e 2,23±2,48 no grupo CEC, p=0,0212) após o início da cirurgia. A concentração medida de propofol foi maior que a prevista nos 2 grupos, com valores superiores no grupo sem CEC (p=0,02). O t1/2 ß foi maior no grupo sem CEC (3,67±1,15 grupo sem CEC e 1,82±0,5 no grupo CEC, p=0,0005) e o clearance plasmático maior no grupo CEC (28,36±11,40 no grupo CEC e 18,29±7,67 no grupo sem CEC, p=0,03). O grau de hipnose foi superior no grupo CEC. Os grupos não diferiram quanto à análise hemodinâmica. Conclui-se que a CEC promove alterações na farmacocinética e nas concentrações plasmáticas de propofol, com conseqüente diferença no grau de hipnose em relação aos pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio sem utilização de CEC / Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can alter predicted plasmatic concentration of drugs administered during anesthesia. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass under pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and plasmatic concentration of propofol in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) with or without CPB, comparing measured plasmatic concentration with predicted concentration administered by target-controlled infusion. Ten patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery with CPB (CPB Group, n=10) and ten without CPB (off-pump Group, n=10) were compared in relaction to measured plasmatic concentration using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and predicted concentration administered by target-controlled infusion, pharmacokinetics (t1/2 ß, volume of distribution and total clearance), hypnosis degree (bispectral index) and hemodynamics parameters (mean arterial pressure and heart rate) during and after surgery. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance for repeated measures (*p < 0,05). Measured plasmatic concentration was higher in off-pump group in the moments 120 min (3,32±1,76 in off-pump group and 2,48±1,12 in CPB group, p=0,005) and 240 min (3,24±2,71 in off-pump group and 2,23±2,48 in CPB group, p=0,0212) after the beginning of surgery. Measured plasmatic concentration was higher than predicted in two groups, with superior values in off-pump group (p=0,02). T1/2 ß was greater in off-pump group (3,67±1,15 in off-pump group and 1,82±0,5 in CPB group, p=0,0005) and total clearance was higher in CPB group (28,36±11,40 in CPB group and 18,29±7,67 in off-pump group, p=0,03). Hypnosis degree was greater in CPB group. Hemodynamics parameters did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, CPB causes alterations on pharmacokinetics and under propofol plasmatic concentration with higher hypnosis degree when compared with patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery without CPB (off-pump group)
9

Monitorização terapêutica de sufentanil em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca / Sufentanil plasma monitoring during open heart intervention of revascularization of coronary patients submited to cardiac surgery

Manfio, Josélia Larger 28 September 2011 (has links)
Introdução: O monitoramento plasmático e a avaliação farmacocinética são importantes ferramentas empregadas no controle terapêutico. O sufentanil é responsável pela estabilização hemodinâmica do paciente com melhor supressão da resposta neuroendócrina comparado ao seu análogo o fentanil. Este fármaco tem sido largamente utilizado em cirurgias cardíacas devido também, a sua menor meia vida plasmática em relação ao fentanil o que permite uma rápida recuperação cirúrgica de pacientes submetidos a tais procedimentos. Objetivo: Realizar o monitoramento plasmático do sufentanil em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com e sem circulação extracorpórea (CEC) e posteriormente avaliar a farmacocinética do mesmo. Casuística: Investigaram-se 42 pacientes de ambos os sexos, portadores de insuficiência coronária crônica e candidatos à cirurgia eletiva de revascularização do miocárdio com ou sem circulação extracorpórea, internados na enfermaria clínica do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Métodos - Etapa Clínica: Os pacientes inclusos neste estudo foram preparados para a realização do procedimento cirúrgico. Na indução da anestesia administrou-se 0,5 &#181;g/Kg de sufentanil através de bolus, seguido de infusão de manutenção de 0,5 &#181;g/Kg-h. Coletaram-se amostras seriadas de sangue no intra-operatório pós-indução e no pós operatório até 36 h após administração do sufentanil. A infusão de sufentanil foi suspensa no momento do término da sutura da pele. O plasma foi separado e transferido para tubos de polietileno devidamente identificados e armazenados em temperatura - 20 ºC até a realização da análise. Métodos - Etapa Analítica: As concentrações plasmáticas foram determinadas através do método desenvolvido e validado por cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrometria de Massas (LC-MS/MS). As amostras biológicas foram extraídas através de extração líquido-líquido em meio alcalino as quais foi adicionado fentanil como padrão interno. A separação cromatográfica foi obtida através de uma coluna C18 e fase móvel constituída por acetonitrila:acetato de amônio 5 mM + ácido fórmico 0,25% (70:30 v/v). O espectrômetro triplo quadro pólo, eletrospray positivo, monitorou as transições de massa entre 387,0>238,0, 285,7>165,1 e 337,0>188,0, para sufentanil, morfina e fentanil respectivamente. Métodos - Etapa Estatística: A modelagem farmacocinética foi realizada através da aplicação do software NonCompartmental Analysis, PK Solutions 2.0. O índice de significância empregado foi de 5% (p<0,05). Utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado para avaliação da distribuição do gênero e o teste t-student para os parâmetros idade, peso, altura e IMC. Para os dados de concentração plasmática foi utilizado o teste não paramétrico de Friedman seguido do teste post-hoc de Dunn\'s para comparação dos momentos da cirurgia do grupo que foi submetido a CEC. Para comparação dos momentos entre os grupos (submetido a CEC versus sem CEC) aplicou-se o teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Os pacientes cirúrgicos incluídos no protocolo eram adultos de ambos os sexos 9F/33M, com média de idade de 62,48 anos, 68,66 kg e IMC de 25,52 kg/m2. Destes, 30 pacientes referem-se ao Grupo com CEC e 12 são do grupo sem CEC. As doses totais médias de sufentanil administradas ao grupo com CEC e ao grupo sem CEC foram semelhantes, 3,23 ±0,67&#181;g/kg e 3,53 ±0,90&#181;g/kg respectivamente. O método analítico proposto apresentou-se linear no intervalo entre 0,05 - 500 ng/mL para o sufentanil e 10 - 1000 ng/mL para a morfina. Os dados obtidos na validação do método apresentaram especificidade, linearidade, robustez, precisão e exatidão. As concentrações plasmáticas obtidas forma estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos com CEC e sem CEC. Durante o procedimento de circulação extra-corpórea foi observada intensa flutuação das concentrações plasmáticas de sufentanil. Foi aplicado o modelo tri-compartimental na avaliação cinética do sufentanil. Foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros farmacocinéticos: meia-vida de eliminação (t1/2), alfa (&#945;), beta (&#946;) e gama (&#947;), área sob a curva (ASC), volume de distribuição (VD) e a depuração plasmática total (Cl). Destes, apenas T1/2 (&#947;) apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusões: O método proposto foi empregado satisfatoriamente na avaliação cinética do sufentanil. O protocolo realizado e os limites de quantificação do método analítico desenvolvido oportunizaram o emprego do modelo farmacocinético tricompartimental para o fármaco estudado. As concentrações plasmáticas de sufentanil foram afetadas pela CEC o que implicou na diferença significativa entre as meia-vida de eliminação &#947; calculadas para os grupos com CEC e sem CEC. / Introduction: The plasma monitoring and the pharmacokinetic assessment are important tools employed in therapeutic control. Sufentanil is responsible for the hemodynamic stabilization of the patient with a better suppression of the neuroendocrine response compared to its analogue fentanyl. This pharmaco has been widely used in cardiac surgery also due to its shorter plasma half-life in relation to fentanyl, which allows a fast surgical recovery of patients who have undergone such procedures. Objectives: Perform the plasma monitoring of sufentanil in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with or without extracorporeal circulation and afterwards assess the pharmacokinetics of it. Study design: 42 patients of both genders with chronic coronary disease and candidates to elective surgery of myocardial revascularization with or without extracorporeal circulation were investigated. They were hospitalized in the clinical ward of the Heart Institute Hospital of the Medicine Faculty Clinic of the University of São Paulo. Methods- Clinical phase: the patients included in this study were prepared for the performance of the surgical procedure. In the anesthesia induction 0,5 &#181;g/Kg was administered through bolus, followed by maintenance infusion 0,5 &#181;g/Kg-h. Serial blood samples were collected in the intra-operatory after induction and in the pos-toperatory after 36 h of administration of sufentanil. Sufentanil infusion was suspended just as the skin suture was finished. The plasma was separated and transferred to the identified polyethylene test-tube and stored in a temperature -20ºC until the analyses. Methods - Analytical phase: The plasma concentrations were determined through the developed method and validated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The biological samples were extracted through liquid-liquid extraction in alkaline mean, to which fentanyl was added as an internal pattern. The chromatographic separation was obtained through a C18 column and the mobile phase constituted by acetonitrile: 5 mM ammonia acetate + 0,25% formic acid (70:30 v/v). The triple-quad pole spectrometry, positive electrospray, monitored the mass transitions among 387.0>238.0, 285.7>165.1 and 337.0>188.0, for sufentanil, morphine and fentanyl , respectively. Methods - Statistical phase: The pharmacokinetic modeling was performed through the application of the software NonCompartmental Analysis, PK Solutions 2.0. The significance index employed was 5% (p<0,05). The qui-square test was used for the assessment of gender distribution and the t-student test for the age, weight, height and IMC parameters. The nonparametric test of Friedman was used for the plasma concentration, followed by Dunn´s post-hoc test for the comparison of the surgery moments of the group that was submitted to extracorporeal circulation. The test Wilcoxon was applied for the comparison of the moments between the groups (submitted to extracorporeal circulation versus without extracorporeal circulation). Results: The surgical patients included in the protocol were adults of both genders 9F/33M, with an average age of 62.48 years old, 68.66 kg and IMC of 25.52 kg/m2. 30 patients are from the group with extracorporeal circulation and 12 are from the group without extracorporeal circulation. The average total doses of sufentanil administered to the group with extracorporeal circulation and to the group without extracorporeal circulation were similar, 3.23 ±0.67&#181;g/kg and 3.53 ±0.90&#181;g/kg respectively. The analytical method proposed proved linear in the interval between 0.05 - 500 ng/mL for sufentanil and 10 - 1000 ng/mL for morphine. The data obtained in the validation proved specificity, linearity, robustness, precision and accuracy. The plasma concentrations obtained were statistically different between the groups with extracorporeal circulation and without extracorporeal circulation. During the extracorporeal circulation procedure an intense fluctuation was observed in the plasma concentration of sufentanil. The tri-compartmental model was applied in the kinetic assessment of sufentanil. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were determined: half-life elimination (t1/2), alpha (&#945;), beta (&#946;) and gamma (&#947;), area under the curve, distribution volume and the total plasma depuration. Only T1/2 (&#947;) presented a significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: The proposed method was satisfactorily employed in the kinetic assessment of sufentanil. The protocol carried out and the quantification limits of the analytical method developed opportunized the employment of the tri-compartmental pharmacokinetic model for the pharmaco studied. The plasma concentrations of sufentanil were affected by the extracorporeal circulation, which implied in the meaningful difference between the elimination half-life &#947; calculated for the groups with extracorporeal circulation and without extracorporeal circulation.
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Efeito do módulo de inativação leucocitária (LIM) na distribuição de 99mTc-granulócitos em porcos submetidos à circulação extracorpórea e à isquemia-reperfusão de coração e pulmões

Francischetti, Ieda [UNESP] 22 February 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:40:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 francischetti_i_dr_botfm.pdf: 3036523 bytes, checksum: 16d5951b642a829416e73e1b1c9c6644 (MD5) / O uso da circulação extracorpórea desencadeia uma resposta inflamatória sistêmica, que somada às reações em cadeia relacionadas à isquemia-reperfusão de coração e pulmões pode levar a lesões celulares e até falência de órgãos no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Vários estudos foram feitos visando melhor entendimento desses processos inflamatórios associados à circulação extracorpórea. Assim, esta revisão abordará os mecanismos de isquemia-reperfusão cardiopulmonar a ativação da cascata inflamatória por esse processo e o papel dos leucócitos na fisiopatologia destas lesões. Serão consideradas as interações de proteínas imunomoduladoras na resposta leucocitária e o bloqueio das mesmas por meio de filtros biológicos, do uso de anticorpos monoclonais e do estímulo à apoptose. / The use of extracorporeal circulation starts a whole body inflammatory response that when added with a chain reactions related to heart and lung ischemia-reperfusion may cause cellular injuries and organ failures in the cardiac surgery pos-operative period. Many studies were made to achieve better comprehension of the inflammatory process that occur with use of extracorporeal circulation. So, this review discusses the ischemia- reperfusion events, their large activated inflammatory cascade as well as the leukocytes role on the pathophysiology of their associated injuries. The interactions of immunomodulatory proteins with the leukocitary response and their blockade through leukocytes filters, the monoclonal antibody use and the apoptosis stimuli will be approached too.

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