The purpose with this study has been to examine what motivates employees working in the security industry. Further, the aim has been to examine managers view on motivation within the same industry and find out how they work to motivate their employees. Finally, the study aimed to compare how employees and managers look at motivation and how they look at the way it is created, to see if they have the same opinions about the subject. Following research questions have been examined and answered: Which factors have the biggest impact on employees’ motivation within one company in the security industry? How do managers design the job in the security industry to create motivated employees? Do managers and employees within one company in the security industry have the same opinions about how motivation is created? The theoretical reference frame has consisted of the two classic theories Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and Hackman and Oldham’s Job Characteristics Model, and the more modern Self-Determination Theory. A qualitative research method in the form of semi structured interviews has been used to deeply investigate the topic. The results showed that the factor that had the biggest positive impact on the employees’ motivation was performance, linked to the wish to perform, but relationships, in terms of getting along with one’s colleges, was also associated with motivation. Performance was also the factor that could have the biggest negative impact on motivation, since the employees experienced themselves being the least motivated when they had not performed. Also, relationships, when these do not work out, and salary that does not live up to expectations could adversely affect motivation. Both of the interviewed managers thought it is important to find the right person for the job, where the personality matches the tasks. To create a motivating job, focus is being put-on well-made business plans and development plans, regular follow-ups, and distribution of tasks between groups to create variation. The managers were aware of that performance is an important factor for creating motivation. When it came to factors that have a negative impact on motivation, the managers had different thoughts than the employees, besides from that salary could matter.The managers did not know how their employees experience their own growth need, but they did know that their employees were generally satisfied with their jobs and with the work context. The results also showed that the employees had a more optimistic approach towards their jobs than their managers had, and all of the employees were both extrinsically and intrinsically motivated, in different forms and combinations.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the relative efficacies of intrinsic and extrinsic cues as drivers of customer loyalty to financial institutions between male and female bank customers. Design/methodology/approach – A large-scale survey of 872 customers of a national bank serves as the study setting. Findings – Results showed that extrinsic cues were the more effective correlates of customer loyalty and that gender does not moderate the relationships between image cues and customer loyalty. Research limitations/implications – The cross-sectional nature of the current study does not allow causal inferences. Therefore, future studies should adopt longitudinal designs. Practical implications – Results suggest that, although transmitting a favorable image through extrinsic cues is critical, nevertheless, intrinsic cues (interactions among customers and bank personnel) should not be ignored. To reinforce this not only among current customers but also among potential customers, banks should use advertisements featuring favorable testimonials. Originality/value – Empirical research in the banking services literature pertaining to the efficacies of intrinsic and extrinsic cues in forming customer loyalty is scarce. This study fills in the void. Also, in determining if the relationships between image and customer loyalty vary by gender, the authors not only looked at male versus female differences on the basis of average construct scores but also examined the structural relationships among the constructs.

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Birth order may represent one of the most influential environmental factors that directly impacts personality development and even life outcomes. The present study sought to expand upon the existing literature by examining the motivational and dispositional differences between first born and second born individuals. Research indicates that first born children show significantly higher levels of academic achievement and lifelong attainment due to experiencing higher parental expectations as well as increased financial support. As a result, the second born child is likely to compare him/herself with the first born sibling and develop a greater level of competitiveness. Additionally, this desire to surpass the first born may lead to the development of extrinsically motivated goals. Few research endeavors to date have explored the specific motivational disposition of the second born child with no future siblings. By engaging in this research, a better understanding of the complex interaction between siblings can be ascertained as well as a deeper appreciation for how the familial environment impacts development. Such information can be applied to the educational setting to develop programs more rewarding and salient to second-born individuals, thus increasing their level of academic achievement. Seventy-two male and female participants took part in the present experiment. Research validated scales were used to assess overall competitiveness in addition to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. A paired-t test was used to evaluate the data and compare the differences between the two groups. Although the results do not support the hypotheses, there were a number of limitations that may have served to restrict the scope of the data. The theoretical implications of the results and suggestions for future research will be discussed.

Robotics has gained a great deal of popularity across the United States as a means to engage youth in science, technology, engineering, and math. Understanding what motivates youth and adults to participate in a robotics project is critical to understanding how to engage others. By developing a robotics program built on a proper understanding of the motivational influences, the program can be built on a foundation that addresses these influences. By engaging more youth in the robotics program, they will be able to envision a future for themselves as a high-school or college graduate, in addition to a viable employee with marketable skills in tough economy. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the underlying motivational attributes or factors that influenced 4-H youth, parents, volunteers, and agents to participate in the Mississippi 4-H robotics project. Specifically, this research focuses on two unique counties in Mississippi with very diverse populations. Interviews with participants, observation, and document analysis which took place occurred over the course of a robotics year – October to July. This study sought to identify motivational attributes of participants in the robotics project. Once identified these attributes could be used when developing new program curricula or expanding into new counties in Mississippi. Data analysis revealed that there are many unique motivational factors that influence participants. Among these factors, (1) the desire to build and construct a robot, (2) competition and recognition, (3) desire for future success and security, (4) safe place to participate and build relationships, (5) teamwork, (6) positive role models, and (7) encouragement.

Optical fiber sensor multiplexing reduces cost per sensor by designing a system that minimizes the expensive system components (sources, spectrometers, etc.) needed for a set number of sensors. The market for multiplexed optical sensors is growing as fiberoptic sensors are finding application in automated factories, mines, offshore platforms, air, sea, land, and space vehicles, energy distribution systems, medical patient surveillance systems, etc. Optical path length multiplexing (OPLM) is a modification to traditional white-light interferometry techniques to multiplex extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers and optical path length two-mode sensors. Additionally, OPLM techniques can be used to design an optical fiber sensor to detect pressure/force/acceleration and temperature simultaneously at a single point. While power losses and operating range restrictions limit the broadscale applicability of OPLM, it provides a way to easily double or quadruple the number of sensors by modifying the demodulation algorithm. The exciting aspect of OPLM is that no additional hardware is needed to multiplex a few sensors. In this way OPLM works with conventional technology and algorithms to drastically increase their efficiency. [1] / Master of Science

En un contexto dado, nuestra percepción de un estímulo (en el presente marco, un producto alimenticio) se ve afectada, en primer lugar, por sus diversas propiedades sensoriales (extrínsecas e intrínsecas). Las características intrínsecas de un alimento (por ejemplo su sabor, olor, color, textura, emisión de sonido al romperse, etc.) obviamente desempañan un papel esencial en su evaluación por parte de los consumidores. Sin embargo, el impacto que puede llegar a producir tanto los envases como la cubertería o vajilla empleada en la evaluación de un alimento, a un nivel tanto sensorial como afectivo, ha sido poco explorado desde un enfoque multisensorial. La presente tesis tiene como finalidad investigar cómo los distintos sentidos interactúan durante el consumo de un alimento o bebida, y más precisamente, cómo la información sensorial que recibimos a través de los elementos externos al alimento influye en nuestra percepción gustativa y hedónica del mismo. Cada estudio comprendido en la tesis explora nuestra percepción multisensorial de los alimentos analizando la interacción entre distintas modalidades principalmente entre la visión, el tacto y el gusto que intervienen en el proceso. Para ello se han empleado diversas técnicas provenientes de disciplinas como la psicofísica, sociología, ciencia sensorial y marketing (por ejemplo, tarea de asociaciones implícitas (IAT), asociación libre de palabras, distintos tipos de cuestionarios, etc.). Los resultados obtenidos se explican en un marco interdisciplinar, combinando conocimientos y teorías de áreas como la psicología perceptiva, la ciencia sensorial, la investigación con consumidores, y el diseño. En conjunto, los resultados demuestran la complejidad de la percepción multisensorial de un alimento (junto con los elementos que lo acompañan durante el consumo), así como la de su medida e interpretación. Esta tesis doctoral se ha elaborado de acuerdo con los requisitos establecidos por la UPV. / Piqueras Fiszman, B. (2012). More than meets the mouth: Assessing the impact of the extrinsic factors on the multisensory perception of food products [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/18104

Syftet med studien är att undersöka små och medelstora företags skäl till att arbeta med hållbarhet ochstudien utgår ifrån ett ekonomisk, legalt, etiskt och filantropiskt perspektiv. Som utgångspunkt har lagarangående hållbarhetsrapportering, frivilliga standarder och den teoretiska referensramen använts.Teorierna som används är intressentteorin, legitimitetsteorin, Carrolls (1991) CSR-pyramid samt Grimstad et al. (2020) Strukturmodell. För att undersöka studiens syfte används semistruktureradeintervjuer där fyra företag som arbetar med hållbarhet eller hållbarhetsrapporterar intervjuas. Sedanpresenteras den insamlade empirin för att därefter analyseras och diskuteras. I analysen jämfördesföretagens svar utifrån perspektiven med hjälp av teorierna. En slutsats som studien antyder är attföretagen visade på starkast ekonomiska skäl för att arbeta med hållbarhet. Vidare visar studien att etiskaskäl är det som har näst mest påverkan på små och medelstora företag. Slutligen tyder studien på attlegala och filantropiska skäl förekommer lika ofta men att företagen gör fler filantropiska handlingar vilketgör att det filantropiska perspektivet har större koppling till CSR enligt studiens resultat. Studiens förstabidrag är ett teoretiskt bidrag som bidrar till vidare teori och det kan hjälpa vägleda vid fortsatta studier.Vidare bidrar studien med ett empiriskt bidrag som ger nya djupare insikter till skäl som små ochmedelstora företag kan ha angående varför företagen väljer att arbeta med hållbarhet. Slutligen görstudien ett mindre praktiskt bidrag som antyder att små och medelstora företag inte känner press att blipåverkade av framtida lagkrav. / The purpose of the study is to explore small and medium sized enterprises' reasons for working withsustainability and the study is based on an economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic perspective. Thestudy uses laws concerning sustainability reporting, voluntary standards and the theoretical framework asbasis for conducting the study. The theories used were, stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, Carroll’s(1991) the pyramid of CSR and Grimstad el at. (2020) structural model. To research the study’s purposea semi-structured interview method is used and four companies that either work with sustainability or CSRreport where interviewed. Thereafter the study's empirical data was presented and then analyzed. In theanalysis the companies answers were compared through the perspectives and with help of the theories.One conclusion is that the company's show most economic reasons for working with sustainability.Furthermore, the findings show that ethical reasons are the second largest impacting aspect for SME.Lastly the study suggests that legal and philanthropic reasons occur a similar amount of times butcompanies perform more philanthropic activities which means that the philanthropic perspective has agreater impact in relation to CSR. The study’s first contribution is a theoretical contribution that expandsand helps guide future studies. Furthermore, the study’s empirical contribution gives new deeper insightsinto the reasons SME can have for working with sustainability. Lastly the study makes a smaller practicalcontribution that suggests that SMEs do not feel impacted from future legal requirements.

This thesis aims to study how teachers develop pupils' motivation to read. Using qualitative interviews, three Swedish middle school teachers describe their experiences regarding pupils' motivation to read. They comment on how they attempt to stimulate motivation and the conditions and circumstances they experience while carrying out their work. As a basis for the teacher interviews, their pupils completed a web based survey about how they value reading as an activity and how they see themselves as readers. An analysis of the interviews raises several issues for discussion: pupils have different needs, good readers are described through their abilities, not through their experiences or reading habits, and teachers feel they can be limited to implement the teaching they think is necessary to promote reading abilities. The discussion of these results will consider the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and consider who is responsible for motivating pupils to read. / SoSyfoftotetot momedod exoxamomenonsosarorbobetotetot äror atottot sostotudoderora hohuror lolärorarore arorbobetotaror foföror atottot fofrorämomjoja elolevoverorsos loläsosmomototivovatotionon. GoGenonomom kokvovalolitotatotivova inontoterorvovjojueror bobesoskokrorivoveror totrore sosvovenonsoskoklolärorarore popå momelollolanonsostotadodietot sosinona erorfofarorenonhohetoteror ocochoh arorbobetote foföror atottot fofrorämomjoja loläsosmomototivovatotionon, sosamomtot dode foförorutotsosätottotnoninongogaror dode upoppoplolevoveror atottot dode hoharor foföror atottot gogenonomomfoförora sosådodanon unondoderorvovisosnoninongog. SoSomom unondoderorlolagog totilollol lolärorarorinontoterorvovjojuerornona bobesosvovaroraror doderorasos elolevoveror enon wowebobbobasoseroradod enonkokätot omom hohuror dode vovärordoderoraror loläsosnoninongog sosomom akoktotivovitotetot ocochoh hohuror dode soseror popå sosigog sosjojälolvova sosomom loläsosarore. Anonalolysosenon avov inontoterorvovjojuerornona lolyfoftoteror etottot foflolerortotalol fofrorågogoror foföror dodisoskokusossosionon: elolevoveror hoharor ololikoka bobehohovov, gogododa loläsosarore bobesoskokrorivovsos vovia foförormomågogoror ocochoh inontote loläsosinontotroresossose elolloleror loläsosvovanonoror, ocochoh lolärorarornona momenonaror atottot dode kokanon kokänonnona sosigog bobegogroränonsosadode atottot gogenonomomfoförora dodenon unondoderorvovisosnoninongog dode totycockokeror äror nonödodvovänondodigog foföror atottot fofrorämomjoja loläsosutotvovecockoklolinongog. DoDisoskokusossosiononenon avov roresosuloltotatotetot rorefoflolekoktoteroraror övoveror inonrore ocochoh ytottotrore momototivovatotionon ocochoh vovemom sosomom äror anonsosvovarorigog foföror atottot momototivoverora elolevoveror totilollol loläsosnoninongog.

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