No description available.

Purpose: The use of 106Ru eye plaques for the treatment of intraocular malignancies has produced inconsistent clinical outcomes and has even resulted in treatment failures. I hypothesized that inconsistent clinical results were attributable to high uncertainties in 106Ru eye plaque dosimetry. Furthermore, I hypothesized that more accurate methods for assessing radiation dose from eye plaques would lead to more reliable treatment planning and therefore better overall clinical outcomes. Methods: A Solid Water “eye” phantom with several novel features was developed for radiochromic film eye plaque dosimetry. Films perpendicular to the central axis of the eye plaques were sandwiched between inserts in the phantom. Small holes in the inserts enabled the film to be marked with respect to the eye plaques, assuring exact geometrical co-registration. In cooperation with the manufacturer, special thin radiochromic films were developed and utilized to permit dosimetric measurements almost at the eye plaque surface. Precise film punches were developed for the purpose of cutting films with diameters as small as 8.5 mm and making cutouts in films without damaging the cut edges. Findings from a secondary dosimetry system, utilizing a small silicon diode in a water tank, were compared to film data. In addition to testing the new dosimetry methods with 106Ru eye plaques, which utilize high energy (MeV) β emissions, this approach was also applied to 125I containing eye plaques, which due to their inherently lower energy (keV) γ emission spectrum, raised additional dosimetric complications. In the latter case dosimetry, films and the diode were calibrated for absolute dosimetry using calibrated 125I seeds in Solid Water and water, respectively, applying the TG-43 formalism. A novel calibration method of radiochromic film for low-energy photon dosimetry was introduced. Monte Carlo simulations were used to convert the results measured in Solid Water to liquid water, and to compare measured and simulated dosimetric results. Results: Dosimetric characterization of both 106Ru eye plaques and a novel concept 125I eye plaque are described. Furthermore, dosimetry of a 20 mm 125I Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) eye plaque validated the presumed substantial dose reduction resulting from its gold alloy backing and seed carrier insert predicted by Monte Carlo simulations. Dose distributions measured with radiochromic film were in good agreement with diode measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Replicate film results were reproducible from 0.9% to 5.5%. As little as 4% non-uniformities in planar dose rates were easily detected using 106Ru eye plaques. The novel 125I eye plaques had uniform dose distributions. Dosimetric characterization of the 20 mm COMS plaque demonstrated that the plaque’s dose rate was 15% lower than that predicted by homogenous TG-43 calculations. Lastly, Monte Carlo simulations indicated dose conversion factors between water and film in Solid Water compared to water and Solid Water alone differed by as much as 16.8%. Change in the calcium content of Solid Water from 2.3% to 1.7% resulted in a 3.3% calculated difference in dose to film and in an 8.7% difference in dose to Solid Water. Conclusions: Precise and reproducible 106Ru and 125I eye plaque dosimetry was achieved utilizing radiochromic film in a water equivalent phantom and a small semiconductor diode in water. Co-registration of eye plaques and films permitted not only precise treatment planning calculations along the central axis of the plaque, but also made it possible to account for dosimetric non-uniformities using 2D or 3D methodologies. A calibrated 125I seed enabled calibration of the film and the diode for absolute dosimetry of 125I containing eye plaques. Dose measurements on the inner surface of the plaques provided precise assessment of the scleral dose, its homogeneity, and of the active area of the plaques for coverage determination. Monte Carlo simulations facilitated conversion of doses measured in various media to liquid water.

Face perception and recognition abilities develop throughout childhood and differences in viewing own-race and other-race faces have been found in both children (Hu et al., 2014) and adults (Blais et al., 2008). In addition, implicit biases have been found in children as young as six (Baron & Banaji, 2006) and have been found to influence face recognition (Bernstein, Young, & Hugenberg, 2007). The current study aimed to understand how gaze behaviors, implicit biases, and other-race experience contribute to the other-race effect and their developmental effects. Caucasian children’s (5-10 years of age) and young adults’ scanning behaviors were recorded during an old/new recognition task using Asian and Caucasian faces. Participants also completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) and a race experience questionnaire. Results found an own-race bias in both children and adults. Only adult’s IAT scores were significantly different from zero, indicating an implicit bias. Participants had a greater number of eye to eye fixations for Caucasian faces, in comparison to Asian faces and eye to eye fixations were greater in adults during encoding phases. Additionally, increased nose looking times were observed with age. Central attention to the nose may be indicative of a more holistic viewing strategy implemented by adults and older children. Participants spent longer looking at the mouth of Asian faces during encoding and test for older children and adults, but younger children spent longer looking at own-race mouths during recognition. Correlations between scanning patterns and implicit biases, and experience difference scores were also observed. Both social and perceptual factors seem to influence looking behaviors for own- and other-race faces and are undergoing changes during childhood. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

No description available.

Background: Uncorrected Refractive Errors (UREs) are the most common cause of vision loss globally. The burden is particularly worse in low- and middle-income countries like Zambia, where access to Refractive Error Correction Services (RECS) is limited. This study aimed to assess the user's accessibility to RECS in selected Zambian Hospitals. Methods: Twenty (20) public health facilities offering RECS were conveniently selected using a crosssectional design. These represented 20 districts in eight provinces of Zambia. A questionnaire-based on access to health care services framework was administered. The framework assessed service accessibility in terms of availability, geographical accessibility, and affordability. Facility managers completed and submitted the questionnaire via email. Results: Completed questionnaires were received from 20 facilities. Nineteen facilities were located in rural areas whilst one facility was located in an urban area. Most facilities (84%) had the Ministry of Health recommended equipment, though essential equipment such as tonometers were lacking in most facilities (70%). Fifteen facilities (75%) reported having Optometry Technologists as the main staff offering services. Only two facilities (10%) had an Ophthalmologist each and no facility had an Optometrist. School-based programmes were not carried out in all facilities. Only one (5%) facility was able to dispense spectacles soon after refraction as it had a spectacle manufacturing workshop. For some facilities (60%), a poor road network posed a challenge to geographical accessibility. Insufficient funding limited access to RECSs. Facility representative stated that not all patients could meet the cost of services in all the facilities. Conclusion: Access to refractive error correction services in the 20 facilities was limited due to a combination of eye health programme deficiencies and general challenges typical in low- and middle-income countries. Funding, human resources and equipment were insufficient. Inadequate road network and infrastructure undermined service delivery. The accessibility shortcomings identified should be used to improve user accessibility of refractive services.

No description available.

No description available.

Hlávková Barbora. User experience focused on credibility in e-commerce. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2017. The thesis deals with User experience focused on credibility in e-commerce survey of the Y generation. To determine the perception of the credibility on e-shops was used eye tracking (n = 30) with in-depth interviews (n = 30) and questionnaire survey (n = 155). The aim of the thesis is to suggest general recommendations for e-commerce in terms of consumer trust.

The ear and eye are both special sensory organs that are derived from the neural ectoderm and develop closely together during the fourth week of embryogenesis. The structure of these organs is related to their functions and therefore each of the components must be able to effectively operate in order to function efficiently. The role of genetic and environmental factors that affect the development of both the ear and eye have been identified and studied, which allows researchers to better understand the association of the ear and eye. Currently, there are syndromes (such as Goldenhar and CHARGE) that are known to affect both systems concurrently. However, there is a possibility that there are more undiscovered syndromes that also affect the ear and eye simultaneously, where there are still unexplored associations between various eye and ear disorders. Identifying and understanding these syndromes allows clinicians to better diagnose and treat patients who originally present with one or the other disorder and have not been further tested. The ear and eye have also been associated with the central nervous system, where disorders in the systems might indicate neurodevelopment or neurological issues because of abnormalities in the development of their common origin.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第21206号 / 情博第659号 / 新制||情||114(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)講師 延原 章平, 教授 美濃 導彦, 教授 松田 哲也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM