Es tracta d'un estudi aprofundit de l'obra literària de ficció de deu farmacèutics escriptors catalans del segle XX. Dins la història de la Farmàcia és un treball de tema original i inèdit que suposa un llegat bibliogràfic important d'especial interès per als Farmacèutics i també, àdhuc, per als estudiosos de les Lletres Catalanes. S'ha aconseguit un treball de notable interès per al foment i la difusió de la cultura de la classe farmacèutica. S'hi estudien de forma exhaustiva aquests personatges contemporanis concretament: llur personalitat, aspiracions i llur obra. La metodologia ha consistit a analitzar de forma detallada llur vida acadèmica i professional, els premis literaris rebuts, els honors concedits, i les obres que han escrit amb inclusió de fragments per il·lustrar la pròpia visió de l'autora. També, però, s'han incorporat sempre que ha estat possible l'opinió de crítics literaris. Com a punt final a la revisió de la vida i obra de cada autor s'ha fet una entrevista personal de tarannà periodístic, amb unes preguntes idèntiques per a tots els tesats., perquè cada autor expressés les seves idees de la manera més original i lliure de prejudicis possible. Així, hem provocat una dialèctica variada i brillant sobre una mateixa temàtica que ens ha dut a diverses conclusions que s'ajusten del tot o en part a l'eix principal del treball que és la relació Farmàcia Literatura. Els autors estudiats són: Josep Alegre Marcet ; Lluís Beringues; Francesc Blancher ; Miquel Crusafont ; Rosa Fabregat; Ramon Jordi; Núria Mínguez; Martí Sunyol; Gerard Vergés; Guillem Viladot . / This thesis is a deep study of the literary work of fiction of ten pharmacists, all of them Catalan writers of the XXth century. In the history of Pharmacy it is an original work on a subject never studied before. At the background of this work is an important bibliographical legacy of special interest for both the Pharmacists and the experts of Catalan literature.The result is a work of very special interest in promoting and publicising the culture of the pharmaceutical class. In fact, these prominent contemporary personalities are thoroughly studied through their personality, aspirations and work. All this has been achieved by analyzing very accurately their academic and professional life. The author has also gone through the awards granted to them for their literary production and the honours they have received. The works they have written have been carefully studied and extracts from these works have been used to support the own vision of the author. Whenever it has been possible, literary critics opinion has been used.After this deep study of the life and work of every author, a personal interview of each of them has been conducted as if made by a specialist journalist. The very same questions were asked to each of the authors so that they might express their ideas in the most original way without thinking about the consequences of their answers. Proceeding as we have, we have been able get brilliant and diverse opinions on the same subject.And, finally, we have drawn a serie of conclusions which fit, to a great extent, the main axis of our work, connection pharmacy/literature.The authors studied are: Josep Alegre Marcet; Lluís Beringues; Francesc Blancher; Miquel Crusafont; Rosa Fabregat; Ramon Jordi; Núria Mínguez; Martí Sunyol; Gerard Vergés; Guillem Viladot.

3 pp. / This publication provides information on the development and management of Fusarium wilt of lettuce. Topics covered include the characteristics of the plant pathogen, disease development, and disease management considerations.

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La presente Tesis Doctoral se ha centrado en el estudio de especies utilizadas en medicina tradicional china y otras especies utilizadas en medicina popular como antiinflamatorias, particularmente en procesos que afecten a la piel como dermatitis y dermatosis. Las plantas medicinales objeto de estudio han sido Schinus molle, Lysimachia foenum-graecum, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Forsythia suspensa e Isodon xerophilus.El desarrollo experimental ha consistido en la obtención previa del material vegetal mediante los medios adecuados en cada caso, extracción y fraccionamiento de los extractos. Estudio analítico y farmacológico de todos los extractos obtenidos y aislamiento e identificación de los principios mayoritarios de las fracciones activas.Como métodos experimentales in vivo se han desarrollado los protocolos de inflamación aguda y crónica en oreja de ratón inducida por el 13-acetato de 12-O-tetradecanoilforbol (TPA) y los modelos de edema agudo en pata de ratón inducido por carragenina y fosfolipasa A2 (PLA2). Entre las técnicas in vitro desarrolladas se incluyen la determinación de citotoxicidad, inhibición de la producción de nitritos, leucotrieno B4 y mediadores peptídicos en células aisladas, así como la actividad antioxidante.Entre los resultados más destacables destacan: De la fracción activa de Schinus molle se han aislado dos triterpenos tetracíclicos, los ácidos 3-epi-isomasticadienolálico e isomasticadienonálico, y una biflavanona, chamejasmina, siendo activos como antiinflamatorios los tres principios en diferentes protocolos experimentales, y la flavanona además fue activa como antioxidante. Se ha demostrado por vez primera la actividad antiinflamatoria de un triterpeno con estructura tipo eufano. El compuesto se ha identificado como ácido isomasticadienonálico o ácido (13,14,17,20R,24Z)-3,21-dioxolanostan- 8,24-dien-26-oico. Se han aislado cinco nuevos saponósidos a partir de la especie Lysimachia foenum-graecum, de los cuales, el compuesto identificado como 3-O-{-L-ramnopiranosil(12)--D-glucopiranosil(12)-[-D-glucopiranosil (14)]--L-arabinopiranosil}21,22-O-diangeloil barringtogenol C 28-O-gluco- piranósido, denominado foenumósido E, inhibió la producción de leucotrieno B4 en leucocitos peritoneales de rata y 12-HETE en plaquetas humanas, afectando solo ligeramente la actividad ciclooxigenasa. La fracción diclorometánica de Lithospermum erythrorhizon reduce el edema auricular inducido por TPA en oreja de ratón y el edema inducido por carragenina en pata de ratón. Los principios responsables de la actividad antiinflamatoria han sido identificados como los principios naftoquinónicos shikonina y sus derivados. El efecto farmacológico de la especie y del extracto está relacionado con las propiedades antioxidantes de los compuestos.La fracción diclorometánica de Forsythia suspensa posee propiedades antiinflamatorias. Los principios activos se han aislado e identificado como ácido oleanólico y ácido ursólico, cuya actividad había sido previamente demostrada.Trece diterpenoides derivados de la estructura ent-kaurano, se han aislado e identificado en las hojas de la especie Isodon xerophilus. Todos los derivados presentan los agrupamientos 6-hidroxi,16-en,18-ceto, lo que les confiere unas propiedades similares debidas a estos grupos reactivos. En general todos inhiben la liberación de nitritos en macrófagos murinos RAW 264.7. / In this work we studied medicinal plants used such as anti-inflammatory agents in skin diseases in both Chinese traditional medicine and other folk medicines. The species studies were Schinus molle, Lysimachia foenum-graecum, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Forsythia suspensa and Isodon xerophilus.In all the cases, plant materials were extracted with the adequate solvents and fractioned with solvents of increased polarity. All the fractions were subjected to an analytical study, and the more representative of them were subjected to a pharmacological study. From the active fractions the principal compounds present were isolated and identified.Different experimental protocols of acute and chronic inflammation were used such as the chronic and acute mouse ear oedemas induced by 12-O-tetradecanoilforbol 13-acetate de (TPA), mouse paw oedema induced by carrageenan and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Moreover, the cytotoxicity, inhibition of nitrite production, leukotriene B4 production and peptidic mediator production in different cells, as well the antioxidant activity, were tested. The most relevant results were: a) isolation and identification of two active triterpenes and a biflavanone from the dichloromethane extract of Schinus molle and study of their anti-inflammatory activity; b) isolation of five new saponins from Lysimachia foenum-graecum and study of their cytotoxicity and inhibition of leukotriene B4 production; c) determination of the antioxidant activity of extracts from Lithospermum erythrorhizon and principles from this species; d) isolation of two anti-inflammatory triterpenes from Forsythia suspensa and study of their antioxidant activity; and, e) isolation of fourteen diterpenoids from Isodon xerophilus and study of their cytotoxicity and inhibition on nitrite and TNF- production.

La presente Tesis Doctoral se ha centrado en el estudio de 5-O-desmetilnobiletina (DMN), aislado de Sideritis tragoricanum sp. mugronensis, y los iridoides derivados del catalpol denominados escrovalentinósido (SV) y escropoliósido A (SC), aislados de Scrophularia auriculata sp. valentina. La selección de estos tres principios se basó en los estudios previos realizados en los cuales se demostraron las propiedades en modelos experimentales de inflamación aguda.Como métodos experimentales in vivo se han desarrollado nuevos protocolos de inflamación aguda y crónica en ratón, como edema agudo en pata de ratón inducido por carragenina y fosfolipasa A2 (PLA2) y dermatitis en oreja de ratón inducida por aplicación repetida de 13-acetato de 12-O-tetradecanoilforbol (TPA). También se han desarrollado protocolos de hipersensibilidad retardada (DTH) inducida por oxazolona, dinitrofluorobenceno (DNFB) y eritrocitos de cordero (SRBC). En paralelo se han desarrolado diferentes técnicas in vitro para establecer el posible mecanismo de acción de los compuestos estudiados, entre las cuales destacamos la determinación de la citotoxicidad, inhibición de la producción de nitritos, prostaglandina E2, leucotrieno B4 (LTB4), así como de las enzimas que los liberan, interleucinas (IL), factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF) e interferón (IFN) en células aisladas. También se han desarrollado cultivos celulares de macrófagos RAW 264.7, neutrófilos y linfocitos humanos.Entre los resultados y conclusiones más destacables se pueden citar: A) DMN tiene propiedades antialérgicas en diferentes modelos experimentales de DTH, reduciendo la inflamación y la proliferación de linfocitos, afectando principalmente a la evolución del ciclo celular. Su efecto antiproliferativo está mediado por la inhibición de IL-1, IL-4, TNF-, IFN-, y especialmente IL-2. Además, DMN incrementa la producción de la citocina antiinflamatoria IL-10. La actividad antiinflamatoria in vivo se justifica por su efecto sobre el metabolismo del ácido araquidónico, disminuyendo la liberación de LTB4 por inhibición directa de la 5-LOX. B) SV y SC poseen propiedades antiinflamatorias frente a reacciones de DTH, inhibiendo la proliferación linfocitaria y la liberación de IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, TNF-, y especialmente IFN-. SC inhibe la activación del NF-B, lo que justifica la inhibición de la expresión de las enzimas óxido nítrico sintasa inducible (iNOS) y ciclooxigenasa-2 (COX-2). En el caso de SV dicho factor de transcripción no está directamente implicado, si bien también disminuye la actividad de las mencionadas enzimas proinflamatorias. / The aim of this Project is to examine the effect of 5-O-demethylnobiletin, isolated from Sideritis tragoricanum sp. mugronensis, and the two iridoids scrovalentinoside and scropolioside A, isolated from Scrophularia auriculata sp. pseudoauriculata on different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and on acute and cronic inflammation to determine its effects on the mediators and enzymes implicated in these reactions.DMN reduced the oedema formation, cell infiltration, and tissue damage in the inflammation induced by TPA in mouse ears, along with the acute oedema induced by carrageenan in mouse paws and the acute PLA 2-induced oedema in mouse paws. DTH reactions induced by oxazolone, DNFB and SRBC were reduced by demethylnobiletin. The experimental results suggest that demethylnobiletin may act by reducing cell infiltration and by decreasing mediators such as interleukin-2, interleukin-4, tumour necrosis factor- and interferon-, and by concomitantly increasing the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10. However, interleukin-1 was affected only a lower concentrations. Moreover, demethylnobiletin inhibited the proliferation of T cells and induced their apoptosis. In addition, while demethylnobiletin affected nitric-oxide production, it did not modify NOS-2 expression.The flavone inhibited leukotriene B 4 formation in rat neutrophils and elastase release in human neutrophils, prostaglandin E2 formation was inhibited but did not reduce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages.Scropolioside A and Scrovalentinoside showed anti-inflammatory properties against different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Both iridoids reduced the oedema induced by oxazolone and by sheep red blood cells. The observed effect occurred during the last phase or inflammatory response; during the earlier phase or induction of the DTH reaction, no significant activity was noted. In vivo iridoids reduced both oedema formation and cell infiltration whereas in vitro they reduced the proliferation of activated T-lymphocytes affecting the cell cycle progression principally during the first 48h. Scropolioside A and Scrovalentinoside also inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, nitric oxide, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, but had no effect on the production of interleukin-10. Moreover, it modified the expression of both nitric oxide synthase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as the activation of nuclear factor-κB in RAW 264.7 macrophages in the case of Scropolioside A.

This is a tribute published in the journal Ethnohistory for Dr. Henry F. Dobyns in 2010. This piece was written by one of his former colleagues that he worked with at the Newberry Library in Chicago, IL.

Religious diversity has become a central topic in the philosophy of religion. This study proposes a methodological approach to the topic by exploring the division of tasks set out by Bernard Lonergan (1904-1984). Lonergan's methodological framework, which he called functional specialization, provides a generic differentiation of tasks, each of which is central to the overall project of understanding religious diversity. This thesis explores the relevance and utility of functional specialization as a methodological approach to religious diversity in the philosophy of religion. / The first chapter is an analysis of the literature on religious diversity as a topic in the philosophy of religion. It unearths the dominant concerns in the field and some of the obstacles which continue to hinder the development of this enquiry. The second chapter provides the epistemological grounds of functional specialization. While the division of tasks outlined by Lonergan's methodology is useful simply insofar as it differentiates the tasks of academic enquiry, there are more theoretical grounds by which this division is justified. / The third chapter provides an explanatory account of the operations and tasks involved in each of the eight functional specialties. It elucidates these specialties by drawing upon relevant analogies from outside the field of religious studies. The fourth chapter brings together the two main concerns of the study by suggesting ways in which functional specialization can make a methodological contribution to the enquiry into religious diversity. It organizes the distinct but related tasks which constitute the philosophical study of religious diversity, demonstrates the current trends regarding each of these tasks, and suggests ways in which they can be made more effective. / Lonergan's notion of functional specialization makes an important contribution to the philosophical debate over religious diversity in significant ways. It provides an effective methodology which delineates both the fundamental tasks of scholarly enquiry and the operations involved in these tasks. It explains how current work in the philosophy of religious diversity could benefit from a clear delineation of the relevant tasks. It provides a framework which is open to collaboration among scholars of diverse philosophical and theological viewpoints.

La tesis trata del estudio del deber de correlación de la sentencia. Todos losordenamientos procesales penales contienen normas que regulan los alcances delpoder de resolver de los órganos jurisdiccionales, las cuales determinan concierto grado de certeza dentro de qué márgenes debe resolver el juzgador en cadacaso. Estas normas establecen la necesaria amplitud con que se deben ejercer lospoderes de decisión jurisdiccional y los límites dentro de los cuales se han derealizar.Inicialmente se establece que el deber de correlación debía entenderse como laexigencia de congruencia de la sentencia del juzgador con la acusación y ladefensa, de manera que la decisión jurisdiccional tenía que referirse a todas laspeticiones y alegaciones planteadas por las partes, como un deber deexhaustividad, y, a la vez, referirse sólo al objeto del proceso introducido a travésde la acusación, sin ampliarlo, extenderlo o desviarlo a otro, en tantomanifestación del límite a su poder de decisión.La correlación impone entonces dos deberes al juzgador, uno de exhaustividady otro de límite, y por eso en caso de infracción de éstos el órgano jurisdiccionalincurre o en incongruencia omisiva o en incongruencia por exceso,respectivamente.El deber de exhaustividad halla su principal fundamento en la tutela judicialefectiva sin indefensión y en el derecho de defensa, mientras que el deber delímite de la sentencia encuentra fundamento en el principio acusatorio, aunquetambién se debe considerar la influencia del derecho a ser informado de laacusación, del derecho de defensa y del principio de contradicción.La complejidad del deber de correlación por las materias implicadas en él y laextensión de su contenido, impuso la prudencia al trazar el objeto de estudio deesta investigación, razón por la cual se decidió ceñir la tesis al estudio de lacorrelación como límite a los poderes de decisión del juzgador, dejando a un ladoel deber de exhaustividad, con el fin de realizar una exposición, aunquerestringida, más acabada.Ahora bien, la investigación sobre el deber de correlación dentro de lostérminos señalados se realizó desde una triple aproximación a su estudio:dogmática, de Derecho positivo y jurisprudencial. Se intenta dar a estos tres aspectos un tratamiento lo más integrado posible, sin perjuicio de ensayar unorden sistemático que en cierta medida impone divisiones temáticas.Respecto del carácter comparado de la tesis, del Derecho español con elchileno, cabe consignar que tiene especial interés, ya que permite cotejar elobjeto de estudio en dos ordenamientos normativos distintos, pero que poseenuna raíz jurídica común, lo cual se traduce en una visión compartida de lasmaterias jurídicas implicadas en la correlación.Se analiza primeramente el caso español, pues es éste el Derecho que ha deservir de referencia para la comparación con el chileno.El caso español ofrecerá unas categorías de análisis dogmático yjurisprudencial sobre la base de un Derecho vigente, que se ha visto en lanecesidad de resolver problemas concretos de correlación. El desarrollodogmático y jurisprudencial en el Derecho español, ha dado lugar a la creaciónde criterios sistemáticos que justifican y explican racionalmente y desde el puntode vista de la técnica procesal el instituto de la correlación. En Chile todavía nose ha producido un estudio científico a este respecto y de ahí la conveniencia deaprovechar la experiencia dogmática española para el estudio del caso chileno.La tesis, con todo, no renuncia a hacer un estudio crítico de la correlación enambos Derechos comparados, consignando las conclusiones que han parecidocientíficamente procedentes. / Every criminal procedural Law contains regulations limiting the Court'scompetence to decide on a concrete case. These regulations provide both therange and the limits of jurisdictional powers. This thesis deals with one aspect ofthese regulations, the "duty of correspondence". Namely, the principle accordingto which the final decision of a Court has to be consistent or congruent with thefacts presented both in the accusation an the defence. On the one hand, the Courthas the competence to deal with all the charges and defences brought byprosecutor and defendant. On the other hand, the duty of correspondence imposesa serious limitation on the Court's competence: the judgment is completelybound by the prosecution; not being allowed for the Court to deliver a judgementsurpassing or diverting the domain of the prosecution. Both obligations areconceived as a guarantee to have fair notice of the prosecution.Consequently, the duty of judgement's correspondence imposes two specificobligations to the Court: a positive duty to resolve exhaustively all the demands-avoiding to omit any charge or defence- and a negative duty to not resolvebeyond the limits of prosecution. This research explores, from a comparativeview between the Spanish and Chilean Law, the later obligation, focussing on theproblem from multiple perspectives. The Author suggests a systematic andintegrated order for the negative dimension of the correspondence duty.Therefore, he considers the positive Law, the theoretical discussions and the caseLaw.

The Actin Related Protein (ARP) 2/3 complex is a major regulator of the actin cytoskeleton that is implicated in cell morphogenesis in plants. However, a similar role is attributed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). My research explored the relationship between the two systems by using transgenic plants simultaneously expressing fluorescent proteins highlighting F-actin and ER organization in living cells. A comparison of F-actin organization in cells of wild type Arabidopsis thaliana and mutants with aberrant actin cytoskeleton suggests bundling in the distorted2 mutant but a relatively fine F-actin arrangement in klunker. These differences correlate with ER organization into cisternae, fenestrated sheets and tubules. A model relating ER-organization to the degree of actin bundling in a cell emerges and is supported by drug-induced interference in actin polymerization, altered ionic conditions and temperature. The study adds to the mechanistic understanding of cell morphogenesis in plants.

Timely and spatially controlled endosomal trafficking and signaling is important for cell proliferation, directed cell migration, and cell invasion, which are frequently misregulated in cancer cells. Cdc42-interacting protein-4 (CIP4) family adaptors promote endocytosis by inducing membrane invaginations via their Fer/CIP4 Homology-Bin/Amphyphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domains, coupled with activation of the actin assembly machinery to promote vesicle fusion or motility. My thesis focuses on defining the roles of CIP4, and a related protein, Transducer of Cdc42-mediated actin assembly-1 (Toca-1), in regulating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) endocytosis, EGFR trafficking, cancer cell motility, and invasion. In Chapter 2, I show that CIP4 and Toca-1 localize to early endosomes and promote EGFR trafficking from early endosomes to lysosomes for degradation, thus limiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling from early endosomes and proliferation of A431 carcinoma cells. In Chapter 3, I provide novel evidence that depletion of Toca-1 results in defects in actin-based lamellipodial protrusions that are required for cell motility. The cause of these defects may relate to altered recruitment of the Abelson-interactor-1 and its effector Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous protein to the lamellipodia in A431 cells depleted of Toca-1. Results in Chapter 4 identify CIP4 as a negative regulator of breast cancer invasiveness downstream of Src protein-tyrosine kinase. Src is a potent inducer of extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading structures called invadopodia that function in tissue invasion by cancer cells. I found that CIP4 is a Src substrate that localizes to Src-induced invadopodia in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, depletion of CIP4 results in enhanced ECM degradation, invadopodia formation, and invasiveness compared to control cells. Thus, CIP4 and Toca-1 are multifaceted regulators of EGFR downregulation, EGF-induced cell motility, and Src-induced cell invasion. / Thesis (Ph.D, Biochemistry) -- Queen's University, 2010-08-25 11:44:46.934