In the 19th century, ¡§Character Piece¡¨ became a new trend in piano composition. Without using large-scale formal structure, it illustrates successfully the individualities of emotional expression in music among different composers. ¡§Barcarolle¡¨¡Xfeaturing special rhythmic patterns¡Xrepresents unique elegancy and lyricism in this category. The historical development of ¡§Character Piece¡¨ in the 19th century leads as an introduction in this thesis, followed by the compositional characteristics of ¡§Barcarolle¡¨ in the second chapter. The major part of this topic focuses on ¡§Barcarolles¡¨ written by four dominant composers in the 19th Cencury: F. Mendelssohn, F. Chopin, G. Faure and S. Rachmaninoff. The stylistic comparisons include the features of form, tonality, rhythmic pattern, melodic structure, and musical texture. The detailed analytical charts are provided to show the similarities and differences among these four remarkable ¡§Barcarolles.¡¨

The aim of this study to explore the green products purchases intentions of the young & native Swedish consumers. Many studies have done on the green products and consumers of green products. Researcher also focused on the consumers’ and their purchase intention based on the age. Some studies conducted only on the young consumers of a particular country. However, this study focused on the young consumers of Sweden. Attitude, knowledge and friends and family influences are considered as the three basic factors of this study. I tried to investigate the influence of these three factors on the green purchase intentions of young Swedish. The Theory of Planned Behavior is used to predict human behavior. The theory is on the basis of three factors, those factors are attitude to the behavior, subjective norms and perceived behavior control. As mentioned before that I have considered three factors for this study and theses three factors are related with the other three factors of the Theory of Planned Behavior. This research used quantitative method, and quantitative method requires large numbers of sample. To fulfill the quantitative method’s requirement on sample numbers, I have considered 190 young Swedish from different places of Umeå and Stockholm. Analysis of the consumers’ response showed me positive response of young consumers on green products. The TPB helped me to explain my three factors as these factors are related with the factors of TPB. All the factors I have considered are positively explained and supported by Theory of Planned Behaviors. Findings of this study describes that Swedish are environment conscious consumers. They have positive knowledge, attitude on green product and intention to buy green products. As this study was based on young Swedish and they have showed their positivity on the green products and indented to purchase green products in future.

Från och med 1:a januari 2015 börjar den nya F-gasförordningen, EU/517/2014, att gälla. Detta innebär att läcksökningsintervall kommer att ändras och att gamla köldmedium fasas ut och ersätts av nya. Syftet med arbetet var att ta reda på hur kylbranschen drabbas av den nya F-gasförordningen. För detta intervjuades tre representanter inom kylbranschen för att få deras syn på situationen. Ämnen som berördes var: Hur klara kylbranschen en eventuell ökad arbetsbörda, har entreprenörerna kunskapen som behövs inför framtiden, blir det ökade kostnader samt vilka de framtida köldmedierna kan tänkas bli? Sammanfattningsvis tror kylbranschen att de, efter utbildning, är väl förberedda och att det inte blir någon omfattande arbetsökning och att eventuella kostnadsökningar kommer främst hamna på brukaren. / As of 1 January 2015, the new F -Gas Regulation, the EU / 57/ 2014, will apply. This means that leak detection intervals will change and that old refrigerants will be phased out and replaced by new ones. The purpose of this paper was to find out how the refrigeration sector was affected by the new F-Gas Regulation. To find out, three representatives from the refrigeration sector were interviewed to share their views on the situation. Topics covered were: How will the refrigeration sector manage a possible increased workload, do the entrepreneurs have the knowledge needed for the future, will there be cost increases and what will the future refrigerants be? To summarize, the refrigeration sector believes that they are, after some supplementary courses, well prepared and that there will be no significant increase in workload and that possible cost increases will mainly be on the user.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different penetration enhancers containing essential fatty acids (EFAs) on the transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen was used as a marker / model compound. Fatty acids were chosen as penetration enhancers for their ability to reversibly increase skin permeability through entering the lipid bilayers and disrupting their ordered domains. Fatty acids are natural, non-toxic compounds (Karande & Mitragotri, 2009:2364). Evening primrose oil, vitamin F and Pheroid™ technology all contain fatty acids and were compared using a cream based-formulation. This selection was to ascertain whether EFAs exclusively, or EFAs in a delivery system, would have a significant increase in the transdermal delivery of a compound. For an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to be effectively delivered transdermally, it has to be soluble in lipophilic, as well as hydrophilic mediums (Naik et al., 2000:319; Swart et al., 2005:72). This is due to the intricate structure of the skin, where the stratum corneum (outermost layer) is the primary barrier, which regulates skin transport (Barry, 2001:102; Moser et al., 2001:103; Venus et al., 2010:469). Flurbiprofen is highly lipophilic (log P = 4.24) with poor aqueous solubility. It has a molecular weight lower than 500 g/mol indicating that skin permeation may be possible, though the high log P indicates that some difficulty is to be expected (Dollery, 1999:F126; Hadgraft, 2004:292; Swart et al., 2005:72; Karande & Mitragotri, 2009:2363; Drugbank, 2012). In vitro transdermal diffusion studies (utilising vertical Franz diffusion cells) were conducted, using donated abdominal skin from Caucasian females. The studies were conducted over 12 h with extractions of the receptor phase every 2 h to ensure sink conditions. Prior to skin diffusion studies, membrane release studies were performed to determine whether the API was released from the formulation. Membrane release studies were conducted over 6 h and extractions done hourly. Tape stripping experiments were performed on the skin circles after 12 h diffusion studies to determine the concentration flurbiprofen present in the stratum corneum and dermisepidermis. The flurbiprofen concentrations present in the samples were determined using high performance chromatography and a validated method. Membrane release results indicated the following rank order for flurbiprofen from the different formulations: vitamin F > control > evening primrose oil (EPO) >> Pheroid™. The control formulation contained only flurbiprofen and no penetration enhancers. Skin diffusion results on the other hand, indicated that flurbiprofen was present in the stratum corneum and the dermisepidermis. The concentration flurbiprofen present in the receptor phase of the Franz cells (representing human blood) followed the subsequent rank order: EPO > control > vitamin F >> Pheroid™. All the formulations stipulated a lag time shorter than that of the control formulation (1.74 h), with the EPO formulation depicting the shortest (1.36 h). The control formulation presented the highest flux (8.41 μg/cm2.h), with the EPO formulation following the closest (8.12 μg/cm2.h). It could thus be concluded that fatty acids exclusively, rather than in a delivery system, had a significant increase in the transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen. / Thesis (MSc (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different penetration enhancers containing essential fatty acids (EFAs) on the transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen was used as a marker / model compound. Fatty acids were chosen as penetration enhancers for their ability to reversibly increase skin permeability through entering the lipid bilayers and disrupting their ordered domains. Fatty acids are natural, non-toxic compounds (Karande & Mitragotri, 2009:2364). Evening primrose oil, vitamin F and Pheroid™ technology all contain fatty acids and were compared using a cream based-formulation. This selection was to ascertain whether EFAs exclusively, or EFAs in a delivery system, would have a significant increase in the transdermal delivery of a compound. For an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to be effectively delivered transdermally, it has to be soluble in lipophilic, as well as hydrophilic mediums (Naik et al., 2000:319; Swart et al., 2005:72). This is due to the intricate structure of the skin, where the stratum corneum (outermost layer) is the primary barrier, which regulates skin transport (Barry, 2001:102; Moser et al., 2001:103; Venus et al., 2010:469). Flurbiprofen is highly lipophilic (log P = 4.24) with poor aqueous solubility. It has a molecular weight lower than 500 g/mol indicating that skin permeation may be possible, though the high log P indicates that some difficulty is to be expected (Dollery, 1999:F126; Hadgraft, 2004:292; Swart et al., 2005:72; Karande & Mitragotri, 2009:2363; Drugbank, 2012). In vitro transdermal diffusion studies (utilising vertical Franz diffusion cells) were conducted, using donated abdominal skin from Caucasian females. The studies were conducted over 12 h with extractions of the receptor phase every 2 h to ensure sink conditions. Prior to skin diffusion studies, membrane release studies were performed to determine whether the API was released from the formulation. Membrane release studies were conducted over 6 h and extractions done hourly. Tape stripping experiments were performed on the skin circles after 12 h diffusion studies to determine the concentration flurbiprofen present in the stratum corneum and dermisepidermis. The flurbiprofen concentrations present in the samples were determined using high performance chromatography and a validated method. Membrane release results indicated the following rank order for flurbiprofen from the different formulations: vitamin F > control > evening primrose oil (EPO) >> Pheroid™. The control formulation contained only flurbiprofen and no penetration enhancers. Skin diffusion results on the other hand, indicated that flurbiprofen was present in the stratum corneum and the dermisepidermis. The concentration flurbiprofen present in the receptor phase of the Franz cells (representing human blood) followed the subsequent rank order: EPO > control > vitamin F >> Pheroid™. All the formulations stipulated a lag time shorter than that of the control formulation (1.74 h), with the EPO formulation depicting the shortest (1.36 h). The control formulation presented the highest flux (8.41 μg/cm2.h), with the EPO formulation following the closest (8.12 μg/cm2.h). It could thus be concluded that fatty acids exclusively, rather than in a delivery system, had a significant increase in the transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen. / Thesis (MSc (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Thesis (M.A.)--Eastern Illinois University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-84).

Thesis (M.S.)--Air Force Institute of Technology, 2007. / AFIT/GCA/ENV/07-M10. "March 2007." Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Nov. 15, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-39).

Thesis (M.A. in History)--S.M.U. / Title from PDF title page (viewed Mar. 16, 2009). Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-03. Adviser: Thomas J. Knock. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Div.)--Regent College, 1996. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-161).

Abstract of Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Aberdeen, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 360-383).