Fotografiet har sedan dess födelse alltid fascinerat oss. Som ett sätt att dokumentera, förmedla nyheter, marknadsföra eller dela med sig av något så enkelt som familjesemestern. Fotografiet har onekligen spelat en stor roll i utvecklingen av självrepresentation i många aspekter i människors liv. På tal om utveckling har även fotografiet utvecklats från ett analogt format till att i dagens digitaliserade värld för det mesta vara digitalt. Utveckling föder utveckling och i dagens läge är en kamera aldrig längre bort än var och ens egen ficka. I dagens samhälle finns möjligheten att socialt interagera genom att dela ett fotografi via olika sociala medier. I denna uppsats har jag valt att avgränsa mig till fotoapplikationen Instagram. Där syftet är att utforska hur människor använder mediet för självframställande och hur sociala förbindelser uppstår inom plattformen. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med användare har jag kommit fram till att motivet bakom delandet handlar om motivation gentemot andra och jakt på bekräftelse från sin publik. Jag har även kommit fram till att den sociala interaktionen sker genom en kombination mellan bild och kommentar. / The photograph has since its birth always fascinated us. As a way to document, communicate news, market or share something as simple as a family holiday. The photograph has undoubtedly played a major role in the development of self-representation in many aspects of human life. Speaking of development the photograph has also evolved in today’s digitized world, from an analog format to mostly be digital. Development breed development, and today a camera is never further away than anyone’s pocket. In the society today the possibility of social integration by sharing a photograph through various social media is easy. In this essay, I have chosen to limit myself to the photo application Instagram, where the aim is to explore how people use the media for self-production and how social connectivity occurs within the platform. Through semi-structured interviews with users, I have concluded that the motive behind the sharing pictures is all about motivation towards others and looking for confirmation from the users audience. I have also concluded that social interaction takes place in the combination between picture and comments.

The increasing energy consumption of ICT technologies, driven by the rise in AI and data processing, requires the development of low-dissipation interconnects. This thesis addresses the challenge of increased resistivity in chip interconnects due to miniaturization, which stems from enhanced electron scattering at the boundaries. The study focuses on the anisotropy in the Fermi surface as a strategy to mitigate resistivity increase. Experimental methods, including the fabrication of devices made from niobium phosphide (NbP) using focused ion beam (FIB) techniques, are employed. Theoretical models predict that materials with an anisotropic Fermi surface can minimize resistivity by aligning electron velocities with the transport direction. Experimental results confirm significant anisotropy in the transport properties of NbP at reduced dimensions, validating the theoretical predictions. The findings suggest that exploiting Fermi surface anisotropy is a promising approach for developing low-dissipation interconnects, potentially contributing to the continued scaling of integrated circuits and reducing power consumption in ICT applications. / Den ökande energiförbrukningen hos IKT-teknologier, driven av ökningen inom AI och databehandling, kräver utvecklingen av lågförlustiga förbindelser. Denna avhandling tar upp utmaningen med ökad resistivitet i chipförbindelser på grund av miniatyrisering, vilket beror på ökad elektronsspridning vid gränsytorna. Studien fokuserar på anisotropin i Fermi-ytan som en strategi för att minska resistiviteten. Experimentella metoder, inklusive tillverkning av enheter gjorda av niobiumfosfid (NbP) med hjälp av fokuserad jonstråleteknik (FIB), används. Teoretiska modeller förutspår att material med en anisotrop Fermi-yta kan minimera resistiviteten genom att anpassa elektronernas hastigheter med transport riktningen. Experimentella resultat bekräftar betydande anisotropi i transportegenskaperna hos NbP vid reducerade dimensioner, vilket validerar de teoretiska förutsägelserna. Resultaten antyder att utnyttjandet av Fermi-yta anisotropi är ett lovande tillvägagångssätt för att utveckla lågförlustiga förbindelser, vilket potentiellt kan bidra till fortsatt skalförändring av integrerade kretsar och minska energiförbrukningen i IKT-applikationer.

This thesis presents four experimental studies, carried out at the Phonetic laboratory, Stockholm University, on infants’ ability to establish auditory-visual sound-meaning associations as a precursor of early word acquisition. Study I reports on the effect of linguistic variance on infants’ ability (3- to 20-months) to establish sound-meaning associations. The target-words embedded in phrases, based on an artificial language, were presented along with visually displayed puppets. Study II investigates the role of attribute type on infants’ ability (3- to 6-months) to establish sound-meaning associations. Two-word phrases, based on the same artificial language as in Study I, were presented along with visually displayed geometrical objects. The words implicitly referred to the color and shape of the objects. Study III examines infants’ ability (12- to 16-months) to predict phonetic information. The subjects were tested on their ability to associate Swedish whole words and disrupted words to familiar objects. Study IV investigates infants’ ability (6- to 8-months) to detect concurrence and synchrony in speech and non-speech. The infants were exposed to Swedish speech sounds presented with corresponding articulatory events, the sound of hand-clapping presented with synchronized hand-clapping movements, and the sound of hand-clapping presented with synchronized articulatory events. The results picture the subject as sensitive to distributional properties of auditory and visual information (Study I and II) but still unable to predict phonetic information, in the beginning of the second year of life (Study III). The infants’ conceptual behavior is outlined as a general-purpose perceptual process influenced by perceptual salience (Study IV). These results are related to a working hypothesis based on the Ecological theory of language acquisition (Lacerda &amp; Sundberg, 2006), and Lindblom (Lindblom, 1990; Lindblom &amp; Lacerda, 2006). / <p>För att köpa boken skicka en beställning till exp@ling.su.se/ To order the book send an e-mail to exp@ling.su.se</p>

This study examines power factors (resource dependence, attraction of relationship maintenance, and institutional forces) in relation to actors' behaviors and ties of varying strength between them within a network of business and sociopolitical spheres. The focus is on Samsung Electronics and Asahi Breweries in the context of the ROK-Japan trade dispute (2019-2023). An analysis model, incorporating perspectives from network theory, resource dependency theory, relationship marketing, and institutional theory, is operationalized and applied to the empirical data. A qualitative content analysis of primarily two Japanese and ROK-based newspapers, along with quantitative data, reveals a domino effect of events impacting the two focal firms, highlighting their interconnected networks. The study also demonstrates how layering of relevant spheres in a given context shapes the perception and impact of power factors, influencing actors' behavior and their ties. Additionally, it emphasizes the benefits of diversifying ties and the importance of distinguishing between short-term and long-term. / Denna studie undersöker maktfaktorer (resursberoende, attraktion att upprätthålla relationer och institutionella tryck) i relation till aktörers beteenden, samt förbindelser sinsemellan i varierande styrka, inom nätverk bestående av affärsmässiga och sociopolitiska sfärer. Fokus ligger på Samsung Electronics och Asahi Breweries i samband med handelskonflikten mellan ROK och Japan (2019-2023). En analysmodell som bygger på perspektiv från nätverksteori, resursberoendeteori, relationsmarknadsföring och institutionell teori har operationaliserats och tillämpats på empirin. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av främst två japanska respektive ROK-baserade tidningar, kombinerat med kvalitativa data, påvisar en dominoeffekt av händelser som påverkar de två fokala företagen och framhäver deras integrerade nätverk. Studien visar också hur skiktningar av relevanta sfärer i en given kontext formar perception och inverkan av maktfaktorer, vilket påverkar aktörers beteende och deras förbindelser.  Dessutom betonar studien fördelen med diversifiering av förbindelserna och vikten av att skilja mellan långsiktighet  och kortsiktighet.

China's relations with African states have attracted much attention in recent years. Between the 1990s and today, China has developed into one of the most important players in the world system. During this period China has also grown to be the largest trading partner for all African states. There are diverging opinions as to whether China, in pursuit of natural resources, is taking advantage of the need for investments and infrastructure in African states, or if they are enabling possibilities of realistic and equitable development in African states. This study examines the compatibility of Sino-African trade with African guidelines for pan-African ownership, sustainable development, and human rights, by analyzing the African Union Agenda 2063 and the African Charter of Human and People’s Rights.