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The mission statements of Utah State University and the Department of Biology, as well as the requirements of funding agencies like the National Science Foundation encourage an integration of teaching and research. I have attempted to achieve that in my dissertation work by using tools I originally created to support and inform my biological research projects to teach science content and inquiry to middle school and undergraduate students. Chapter 2 of this dissertation reports the results of surveys for Hymenophyllum wrightii, a fern with independent gametophyte populations in the Pacific Northwest, which improved our understanding of the range, distribution, and habitat requirements of this species that was previously thought to be rare. The result of these surveys led to the removal of the species from the Forest Service's Alaska Region Sensitive Species List and provided a first report of the species in the contiguous United States. A preliminary genetic data analyses of gametophyte populations found during the surveys sets the stage for future work to determine the relationships between the independent gametophyte populations and sporophytes growing in Haidi Gwaii, British Columbia and East Asia, which is important for understanding their evolutionary and conservation potential. Chapter 3 describes an attempt to explore the population genetics of another fern with independent gametophyte populations, Crepidomanes intricatum in the Appalachian mountains of Eastern North America. This species apparently exists only as gametophytes, which raises interesting questions about how and when it was established, and its conservation and evolutionary potential. This population genetics analysis was not able to be completed, but led to an analysis of potential sources of error in genotyping-by-sequencing datasets and to the development of a set of software tools for evaluating the quality of these datasets. To help better visualize the evolutionary processes at work in populations of ferns with independent gametophytes, I developed an interactive software tool to simulate populations of ferns in a virtual 3-dimensional space. Chapter 4 describes that tool, an educational activity using it to teach population genetics and science inquiry to undergraduates, and the results of a study demonstrating its effects on student content learning and confidence in their ability to perform inquiry. This tool and the activity built around it have been used in undergraduate genetic laboratories at Utah State University since 2011. The apparent benefits of this simulation tool led to a collaboration with educators and the development of another 3-dimensional simulation tool to teach eight grade students about the effects of the environment and human impacts on living organisms. Chapter 4 presents an educational activity using this tool that has been used as part of a larger National Science Foundation funded project to train teachers to use technology in the classroom. The simulations are publicly available and have been used by hundreds of students in two Utah school districts. Together, these projects demonstrate on way that research to expand knowledge can lead to tools to impart knowledge to students.

Invasion by non-native species has had significant ecological and economic impacts on a global scale. In the state of Florida, Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) is an invasive plant listed by FLEPPC as a category one invader with significant ecological impacts that threaten native plant diversity. This species relies on existing vegetative structures for support to climb into the forest canopy and forms dense mats that cover tree crowns. This subsequently affects the resources available to other species present. Quantifying the structural changes due to the presence of this species has proved logistically difficult, especially on a large spatial scale. Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) technology is a form of remote sensing that measures the elevation of surfaces over a site. In this study I utilized LiDAR to calculate various forest structure metrics at Jonathan Dickinson State Park (JDSP) in Hobe Sound, Florida across various management frequencies and densities of Old World climbing fern. These data were used to quantify the degree to which this invasive species alters forest structure across these two gradients. I also recorded species composition in the field to relate how Old World climbing fern impacts native plant diversity. Structural measurements including average canopy height, height of median energy (HOME), rugosity, canopy openness, and vertical structural diversity (LHDI) were calculated for a total of three hundred 0.25ha sites stratified by invasion density and management frequency. Using a combination of univariate and multivariate statistical analyses I found that the presence of Old World Climbing fern altered the physical structure of the forest communities it invades. Higher percent cover of Old World climbing fern decreased structural diversity while increased management effort was found to mitigate those impacts. The management for Old World Climbing fern was also found to impact both species richness and diversity at JDSP. I also demonstrated that there were several species that were not found and others that were more common in the presence of Old World climbing fern and that there was a relationship between management and what species were present. The results show that both Old World climbing fern and the management practices used to control it have had significant ecological impacts on the natural communities in South Florida.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24659号 / 農博第2542号 / 新制||農||1098(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R5||N5440(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 北山 兼弘, 教授 北島 薫, 教授 柴田 昌三 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Univ., Diss.--Mannheim, 2002. / Literaturverz. S. 295 - 304.

Orientador: Dagoberto Martins / Banca: Robinson Antonio Pitelli / Banca: Gerson Augusto Gelmini / Banca: Mario Sergio Tomazela / Banca: Marcus Barifouse Matallo / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a quantidade de calda de pulverização depositada na água e em folhas de Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Salvinia auriculata Aubl e Pistia stratiotes L. em condições variáveis de arranjos populacionais e dois tipos de pontas de pulverização (ConeJet TXVK-8 e TeeJet DG 11002 VS). Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento em caixas d’água composto por três Situações distintas. Na Situação Aguapé, além da proporção de dominância total correspondente à cobertura de 100% da caixa d’água pelas plantas de aguapé, foram utilizados os arranjos (ou proporções) com as espécies de salvinia ou alface d’água a 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%. Adotou-se as mesmas proporções na Situação Salvínia e na Situação Alface d’água, sendo que cada Situação foi determinada pela predominância total de salvínia ou alface d’água, respectivamente, na caixa d’água. Uma densidade tripla, onde as três espécies foram igualmente dispostas na proporção de 33,33%, foi utilizada como testemunha. Soluções dos corantes Amarelo Tartrasina FDC-5 a 3.500 ppm e Azul Brilhante FDC-1 a 1.000 ppm foram utilizados como traçadores para as pontas TXVK-8 e DG 11002VS, respectivamente. A pulverização de ambas soluções foram efetuadas na mesma unidade experimental, com um intervalo de 30 minutos entre si, através de um pulverizador costal pressurizado com CO2 e calibrado de modo a proporcionar um volume de aplicação aproximado de 200 L/ha. Amostras de água dos reservatórios foram coletadas antes e após as aplicações com o objetivo de avaliar a quantidade de calda de pulverização que não atingiu o alvo. Imediatamente após a coleta da 2 água, as plantas presentes nos reservatórios foram lavadas com água destilada até remoção total dos corantes depositados nas folhas. Placas de plástico contendo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present research had as objective to quantify the spray deposition on water and leaves of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), water fern (Salvinia auriculata Aubl.) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) according to various population arrangements and two nozzle type (ConeJet TXVK-8 and TeeJet 11002VS). The trial was carried out under reservoirs conditions using three different Situations. At Water hyacinth Situation, besides the total dominancy proportion equivalent to 100% of reservoir covering by water hyacinth plants, it was used three others combinations involving water hyacinth and water fern or water lettuce plants, as following: 75%:25%, 50%:50% and 25%:75%. The same combinations were also used at Water Fern Situation and Water Lettuce Situation, being each Situation determined by total dominancy of water fern or water lettuce in the 4 reservoirs, respectively. A triple ratio, where the three species were equally disposed at proportion of 33,33%, was used as check. Dye solutions of FD&C Yellow n. 5 at 3,500 ppm and FD&C Blue n. 1 at 1,000 ppm were used as spraying tracers for TXVK-8 and DG 11002 VS nozzles, respectively. Both solutions were sprayed at same plot within at 30 minutes interval each one through a CO2 pressured backpack knapsack calibrated to delivery a spray volume around 200 L/ha. Samples of reservoirs water were taken before and after sprays in order to evaluate the carrier quantity that not reaches the target. After that, the plants present at reservoirs were washed with distillated water until totally dyes removal deposited on the leaves. Plastic dishes containing 20 mL of distillated water were disposed in each experimental plot in order to check the spray efficacy and possible drift losses. Absorbance measures at 427 and 630 nm of wavelength were procedures... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by dayse paz (daysepaz@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-06T14:58:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta_o_Vanessa_Correa.pdf: 9516390 bytes, checksum: be0bd59f07a366880594f1ccedf35cb0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by cleuza maria medina dos santos (cleuzamai@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-07T22:41:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta_o_Vanessa_Correa.pdf: 9516390 bytes, checksum: be0bd59f07a366880594f1ccedf35cb0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T22:42:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta_o_Vanessa_Correa.pdf: 9516390 bytes, checksum: be0bd59f07a366880594f1ccedf35cb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Este estudo teve o objetivo de conhecer a comunidade de diatomáceas epífitas nas macrófitas (Acrostichum danaefolium Langst. & Fisch, Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey) Soják, Myriophylum aquaticum (Vell) Verdc e Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray) em diferentes amostragens na Lagoa Pequena que compreende os ambientes (Arroio Pseudônimo, Praia da Lagoa Pequena, Entrada da Lagoa Pequena e Feitoria), de maio de 2011 a janeiro de 2012, totalizando 79 amostras coletadas. As amostras foram fixadas com formalina a 4%. Para estudo das formas de crescimento, em cada ponto foi coletada uma amostra (não fixada) para observação das diatomáceas. No ambiente foram medidas as variáveis físicas (temperatura, profundidade, transparência da água e vazão) e químicas (pH, condutividade elétrica, fósforo e nitrogênio). A flora em A. danaeifolium apresentou 157 spp, dentre os quais 26% de água doce, 50% estuarinos e 14% marinhos. Nitzschia apresentou maior diversidade (riqueza de espécies). Vinte e três espécies foram registradas pela primeira vez para o Rio Grande do Sul. Ocorreram diferentes formas de crescimento que formaram as guildas ecológicas de baixo perfil (formas adnatas), alto perfil (formas eretas, formadoras de cadeias, tubos, e pedúnculos de mucilagem) e guilda móvel (espécies móveis). Em S. californicus ocorreram 129 táxons distribuídos em 55 gêneros, e Nitzschia apresentou também maior número (25) de espécies. Em C. caroliniana ocorreram 38 táxons e formas de crescimento adnata, ereta, pedúnculo, cadeia tubo e móvel) e em M. aquaticum ocorreram 54 táxons e formas de crescimento adnata, pedúnculo, ereta, cadeia e tubo. Em ambas macrófitas foi encontrada guilda de alto perfil. A presença de diferentes formas de crescimento e guilda de alto perfil em todos locais estudados mostrou a complexidade da comunidade. A temperatura da água variou de 10-28,5º C, a profundidade 0,26-1,29 m, a transparência 0,20-0,76 m, a vazão 9,4-42,12 m³/s, o pH 7,0-8,8, a condutividade elétrica 0,62-16,96 mS.cm‾¹, o fósforo orgânico total 0,03-0,37 mg.L-1 , e o nitrogênio orgânico total entre 0,29 e 1,20 mg.L-1 . A maior temperatura e o baixo nível da água influenciaram a composição da guilda de alto perfil, que prevaleceu durante todo período. O maior valor de condutividade (verão) permitiu a presença de espécies marinhas no Arroio Pseudônimo e Feitoria. O Arroio Pseudônimo teve maior riqueza de espécies provavelmente por ser mais protegido, do que os outros locais. Em menor temperatura (10º C) e condutividade (0,65 mS.cm‾¹) também se observou a formação de tubos de mucilagem e a guilda de alto perfil no Arroio Pseudônimo. Espécies dulcícolas (Nitzschia spiculoides Hustedt, N. subacicularis Hustedt, N. fonticola var. pelagica Hustedt e S. martyi Hèribaud-Joseph) e marinha (C. peltoides Hustedt) foram tolerantes as variações de condutividade na Lagoa Pequena. A morfologia das macrófitas aquáticas influenciou a comunidade de diatomáceas que apresentou maior riqueza de espécies e gêneros em macrófitas de arquitetura complexa (C. caroliniana e M. aquaticum). / The study aimed know the diatom community epiphytic on macrophytes (Acrostichum danaefolium Langst. & Fisch, Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey) Soják, Myriophylum aquaticum (Vell) Verdc and Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray) at different samplings in Lagoa Pequena comprising enviroments (Arroio Pseudônimo, Lagoa Pequena beach, Lagoa Pequena entrance and Feitoria) from may 2011 to january 2012, totalizing 79 samples collected. All samples were fixed with 4% formalin. In order to study the crecimento forms, in each point was collected a sample (unfixed) for observation of diatoms. In the environment were measured physical variables (temperature, depth, water transparency and flow) and chemical (pH, electrical conductivity, phosphorus and nitrogen). The flora in A. danaeifolium presented 157 spp, among them 26% freshwater, 50% estuarine and 14% marine and Nitzschia presented the highest diversity (species richness). Twenty-three species were recorded for the first time to Rio Grande do Sul. There were different forms growth that formed guilds ecological of low profile (forms adnate), high profile (forms erect, chains, tube, and stalked of mucilage) and guild mobile (species mobile). In S. californicus occurred 129 taxa distributed in 55 genera and Nitzschia presented also the greatest number (25) of species. In C. caroliniana occurred 38 taxa and forms growth adnate, erect, stalked, chain, tube and mobile) and in M. aquaticum occurred 54 species and forms of growth adnate, stalked, erect, chain and tube. In both macrophytes were found guild of high profile. The presence of distinct growth forms and guild high profile in all study sites showing the complexity of the community. The water temperature varied from 10-28,5º C, the depth 0,26-1,29, the transparency 0,20-0,76 m, the flow 9,4-42,12 m³/s, the pH 7,0-8,8, electrical conductivity 0,62-16,96 mS.cm‾¹, the total organic phosphorus 0,03-0,37 mg.L-1 , and the total organic nitrogen 0,29-1,20 mg.L-1 . Highest temperature and low water level influenced the composition of guild high profile, which prevailed throughout the period. Higher conductivity values (summer) allowed the presence of marine species in the Arroio Pseudônimo and Feitoria. The Arroio Pseudônimo had greater species richness probably because is more protected than the other sites. In the lowest temperature (10º C) and conductivity (0,65 mS.cm‾¹) also observed the formation of mucilage tubes and guild high profile in the Arroio Pseudônimo. Freshwater species (Nitzschia spiculoides Hustedt, N. subacicularis Hustedt, N. fonticola var. pelagica Hustedt and S. martyi Hèribaud-Joseph) and marine (C. peltoides Hustedt) were tolerant to conductivity variations in Lagoa Pequena. The morphology of aquatic macrophytes influenced the diatom community that presented highest richness of species and genera in macrophytes of complex architecture (C. caroliniana and M. aquaticum).

Esta pesquisa visa contribuir para a produção de conhecimentos no campo da Educação Ambiental através da descrição do processo de formação da Associação de Extratores de Plantas Nativas da Ilha Comprida (AMPIC) e do estabelecimento de parceria desta associação junto à Prefeitura deste município, como partes do processo de institucionalização do Manejo Participativo de Samambaias Silvestres (Ruhmora adiantisformis)emÁreade Proteção Ambiental. Seu foco está na análise da "participação" como dimensão essencial para que processos educacionais contribuam para a efetiva conservação do meio ambiente e melhoria da qualidade de vida. Além disso, pretende apresentar a organização comunitária em torno da extração da samambaia e contribuir na discussão sobre práticas educativas relacionadas à temática ambiental e sem esgotar as possibilidades auxiliar no direcionamento de tais iniciativas, destacando pontos importantes de reflexão para quem já atua ou pretende atuar em projetos com enfoque participativo. Para tanto, foram utilizados como referenciais metodológicos a pesquisa qualitativa, a pesquisa-intervenção. / This research aims at adding to the knowledge in the field of environmental education by describing the creation process of the AMPIC - Native Plants of Ilha Comprida Extractors Association, and the establishment of a partnership between this association and the local government as part of the institutionalization process of the participative management of wild fern (Ruhmora adiantisformis) in environmental protection area. Its main focus is the analysis of "participation" as a core issue in obtaining educational processes that effectively contribute to enhancing the quality of life, as well as the environmental conservation. Moreover, it presents the community organization around the extraction of wild fern therefore allowing the discussion about educational strategies concerning the environmental theme. It also highlights important aspects to be considered by those who are already working or intend to work in projects with a participative approach, with a view to orienting such initiatives without covering all the possibilities, though. Qualitative and intervention researches were used as methodological reference in this.

A infestação de pastagens por populações de Pteridium arachnoideum é um problema que afeta a pecuária, em diversas partes do mundo. Os efeitos deletérios da infestação pela planta sobre a bovinocultura são manifestados na forma de mortalidades e de redução das áreas de pastagens, assim como de perdas produtivas. Devido à importância dessas perdas na produção de bovinos, foi proposto o acompanhamento de uma propriedade do Rio Grande do Sul com problemas decorrentes da infestação pela planta em sua casuística e métodos de controle empregados. Adicionalmente, realizou-se teste da viabilidade de ovinos como ferramenta de controle biológico. Dos casos de intoxicação naturais acompanhados na propriedade, observou-se a ocorrência de quadro agudo de diátese hemorrágica e de quadro crônico de carcinomas do trato digestório superior. Observou-se que quando expostos a fatores predisponentes, como a introdução em áreas recentemente roçadas, os bovinos podem consumir altas doses da planta e assim desenvolver a enfermidade aguda em forma de surtos. Em diversos bovinos jovens com quadro de diátese hemorrágica, além das hemorragias disseminadas e infartos múltiplos, observou-se acentuado edema laríngeo, que cursava clinicamente com dispneia e estertores respiratórios característicos. Os carcinomas do trato digestório superior, apesar de menos frequentes, causaram expressivas perdas devido a mortalidades anuais de matrizes. A tentativa de controle pelo pastejo por ovinos não foi eficiente, devido ao consumo pouco expressivo na lotação praticada. Mortalidade de ovinos, no entanto, decorrente do consumo da planta não foi registrada. O método de combate à planta aplicado na propriedade combinava ou associava a roçagem em áreas densamente povoadas com o uso de herbicidas, nomeadamente metilsulfuron-metil e picloram, em todos os piquetes. A redução da cobertura da P. arachnoideum foi variada em diferentes piquetes; entretanto, possibilitou a recuperação de algumas áreas de pastejo. / The infestation of pastured areas by Pteridium arachnoideum populations has been a considerable and global problem to the livestock production. The deleterious effects of the plant infestation on cattle are manifested as animal mortality and pasture coverage reduction. Given the importance of P. arachnoideum in cattle production, it has been proposed to monitor a beef cattle farm in Rio Grande do Sul, to assess some of the losses associated with the plant consumption apart of the methods employed for controlling the plant. In addition, the viability of sheep’s grazing as a biological control tool was tested. Cases of natural poisoning observed in the farm included the acute form, known as hemorrhagic diathesis as well as the chronic form, consisting in digestive carcinomas. When cattle were exposed to any predisposing factor, such as being moved to newly mowed areas, it was noted that the amount of plant consumed can readily lead to an outbreak of acute poisoning. Several cases of hemorrhagic diathesis in young cattle went along with marked laryngeal edema, which was clinically manifested as dyspnea and roaring, in addition to the classic pathological changes of widespread hemorrhages and infarcts. Even though less frequent, carcinomas of the upper digestive tract caused significant losses, due to annual mortality of mature cows. The attempt through grazing by sheep wasn’t efficient to control P. aquilinum, due to the low consumption of the plant seen in the actual stocking. However, sheep mortality, by P. arachnoideum consumption was not recorded. The plant control method applied at the farm combined mowing of densely populated areas with herbicide applications, namely metilsulfuron-methyl and picloram, in all paddocks. The reduction of P. arachnoideum coverage was varied in different paddocks; however, allowed the recovery of some grazing areas.

Sara Payson Willis Eldredge Farrington Parton, more famously known as the elusive Fanny Fern, employs three autobiographical personae mediated by fiction in her debut novel, Ruth Hall: (1) Ruth Hall, the novel's protagonist; (2) Floy, the fictional Ruth's pseudonym; and (3) Fanny Fern, Parton's real-life pseudonym and the name under which Ruth Hall was published. Together these personae assert a fragmented presence that incorporates various voices and lives, allowing for exploration, growth, and interactivity.Philippe Lejeune's autobiographical contract outlines three specific guidelines for autobiography—that it be a narrative, that it explore personal history, and that it link author and protagonist. Ruth Hall participates in two-thirds of Lejeune's contract, though Parton's conscious fictionalization demands a revisiting of the autobiographical contract, revealing the impossibility of recording truth as well as the impracticality of a unitary self.Through her use of autobiographical personae in Ruth Hall and in her personal life, Parton succeeds in rewriting the narrative of domesticity for the nineteenth-century American woman. Her self-conceptualization embraces multiplicity as she demands to be seen as "more than."