This thesis explores an architectural response for an urban site that incorporates the dismantled façade stones (spolia) of the site’s previous building into two dialectical devices: a ramp and a camera obscura. Each device allows the stones to act as both artifact (individual object with an embedded history) and frame (structure that invites a reading of its context). Spatial and temporal concepts from film provide theoretical guidance for the dialectical structure of the architectural design approach. A constant navigation between pairs of opposing forces (capturing/projecting, introvert/extrovert, operator/device, artifact/frame, object/subject) results in a pair of architectures, one a cinema + digital archive and the other a film school, between which a public space is activated as an outdoor amphitheatre. The two buildings simultaneously act as object (artifact) and subject (frame) in an attempt to locate and express a redefined historical continuity for the site.

A tecnologia construtiva em chapas delgadas estruturadas em Light Steel Framing (LSF) vem sendo introduzida no mercado nacional como uma alternativa para substituir a tecnologia tradicional com vedações externas em alvenaria e revestimentos aderidos, comumente utilizada para execução de fachadas em edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos. Trata-se de uma tecnologia com montagem a seco que traz potenciais benefícios em relação ao método tradicional de produção de fachadas, notadamente em relação a: otimização da logística no canteiro de obra; simplificação dos procedimentos de acompanhamento e controle das etapas executivas; alta produtividade, com potencial redução dos prazos de obra; fácil controle sobre o custo final do serviço; e redução de riscos quanto ao cumprimento dos prazos planejados para o desenvolvimento e conclusão da atividade. O objetivo do presente trabalho é comparar os diferenciais no planejamento da obra e no custo de produção entre essa tecnologia e o método tradicional para execução de fachadas de edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos, considerando-se um mesmo projeto arquitetônico. Como método para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, adotou-se: pesquisa bibliográfica; entrevistas com profissionais, fabricantes e empresas especializadas na montagem da tecnologia em chapas delgadas estruturadas em Light Steel Framing (LSF); pesquisa quanto às alternativas disponíveis para o LSF e quanto aos custos praticados no mercado nacional para ambas as tecnologias; e acompanhamento de obras em LSF visando aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre seu método de execução de fachada. Pela escassa literatura nacional sobre o tema e pelo ainda incipiente conhecimento sobre esta tecnologia no meio técnico e acadêmico, acredita-se que o presente trabalho apresenta informações relevantes para profissionais ou empresas dispostas a inovar na execução desse importante subsistema das edificações, adotando a tecnologia com painéis leves em seus futuros projetos. / The building technology of light weight external sheets structured in Light Steel Framing (LSF) has been introduced in the domestic market as an alternative to replace traditional exterior masonry and mortar cladding technology commonly used for façade construction in multiple floors buildings. It is a technology with dry assembly that brings potential benefits in relation to the traditional method of façade production, especially in relation to: optimization of the logistics in the construction site; simplification of procedures for monitoring and controlling the executive stages; high productivity, with potential reduction of work deadlines; easier control over the final cost of the service; and reduction of risks regarding compliance with the deadlines planned for the development and completion of the activity. The objective of the present work is to compare the differentials in the planning of the work and the cost of production between this technology and the traditional method for the execution of façades of multiple floors buildings, considering the same architectural design. As a method for the development of the work, it was adopted: bibliographic research; interviews with professionals, manufacturers and companies specializing in the assembly of thin sheet structured in Light Steel Framing (LSF) technology; research on the alternatives available to the light weight external sheets structured in LSF technology and on the costs practiced in the national market for both technologies; follow-up of works in LSF aiming to deepen the knowledge about its method of execution of facade. Due to the scarce national literature on the subject and the still incipient knowledge about this technology in the technical and academic environment, it is believed that the present work presents relevant information for professionals or companies willing to innovate in the execution of this important subsystem of the buildings, adopting the technology with light weight panels for façade production in their future projects.

A tecnologia construtiva em chapas delgadas estruturadas em Light Steel Framing (LSF) vem sendo introduzida no mercado nacional como uma alternativa para substituir a tecnologia tradicional com vedações externas em alvenaria e revestimentos aderidos, comumente utilizada para execução de fachadas em edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos. Trata-se de uma tecnologia com montagem a seco que traz potenciais benefícios em relação ao método tradicional de produção de fachadas, notadamente em relação a: otimização da logística no canteiro de obra; simplificação dos procedimentos de acompanhamento e controle das etapas executivas; alta produtividade, com potencial redução dos prazos de obra; fácil controle sobre o custo final do serviço; e redução de riscos quanto ao cumprimento dos prazos planejados para o desenvolvimento e conclusão da atividade. O objetivo do presente trabalho é comparar os diferenciais no planejamento da obra e no custo de produção entre essa tecnologia e o método tradicional para execução de fachadas de edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos, considerando-se um mesmo projeto arquitetônico. Como método para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, adotou-se: pesquisa bibliográfica; entrevistas com profissionais, fabricantes e empresas especializadas na montagem da tecnologia em chapas delgadas estruturadas em Light Steel Framing (LSF); pesquisa quanto às alternativas disponíveis para o LSF e quanto aos custos praticados no mercado nacional para ambas as tecnologias; e acompanhamento de obras em LSF visando aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre seu método de execução de fachada. Pela escassa literatura nacional sobre o tema e pelo ainda incipiente conhecimento sobre esta tecnologia no meio técnico e acadêmico, acredita-se que o presente trabalho apresenta informações relevantes para profissionais ou empresas dispostas a inovar na execução desse importante subsistema das edificações, adotando a tecnologia com painéis leves em seus futuros projetos. / The building technology of light weight external sheets structured in Light Steel Framing (LSF) has been introduced in the domestic market as an alternative to replace traditional exterior masonry and mortar cladding technology commonly used for façade construction in multiple floors buildings. It is a technology with dry assembly that brings potential benefits in relation to the traditional method of façade production, especially in relation to: optimization of the logistics in the construction site; simplification of procedures for monitoring and controlling the executive stages; high productivity, with potential reduction of work deadlines; easier control over the final cost of the service; and reduction of risks regarding compliance with the deadlines planned for the development and completion of the activity. The objective of the present work is to compare the differentials in the planning of the work and the cost of production between this technology and the traditional method for the execution of façades of multiple floors buildings, considering the same architectural design. As a method for the development of the work, it was adopted: bibliographic research; interviews with professionals, manufacturers and companies specializing in the assembly of thin sheet structured in Light Steel Framing (LSF) technology; research on the alternatives available to the light weight external sheets structured in LSF technology and on the costs practiced in the national market for both technologies; follow-up of works in LSF aiming to deepen the knowledge about its method of execution of facade. Due to the scarce national literature on the subject and the still incipient knowledge about this technology in the technical and academic environment, it is believed that the present work presents relevant information for professionals or companies willing to innovate in the execution of this important subsystem of the buildings, adopting the technology with light weight panels for façade production in their future projects.

Lors d’une démarche de modélisation énergétique d’un bâtiment, la prise en compte de l’enveloppe solaire reste souvent imprécise. L’objet du travail présenté ici est la description détaillée de solutions de protections solaires, induisant un tirage thermique (bardage, store), dans un objectif de modélisation et de valorisation pour répondre aux besoins d’industriels du secteur ; la caractérisation des performances permet alors d’assister la maitrise d’œuvre en phase conception.La mise en place d’une plateforme expérimentale – mur exposé sud muni d’une protection solaire devant lame d’air – a permis la mesure de températures d’airs et d’éléments solides présents dans le système, de vitesses d’écoulement dans la lame d’air ouverte, et du flux radiatif incident. Deux types de bardage bois, un type de store et un type de métal déployé ont été considérés.Parallèlement, un modèle 1D amélioré de transfert de chaleur dans le système étudié est développé. Trois familles de modèle de convection dans la lame d’air sont identifiées, présentées et intégrées dans le modèle global. La description de l’écoulement dans la lame d’air est retenue à partir d’analyses des résultats expérimentaux.Un modèle simplifié d’intégration de tels systèmes de protections solaires dans des plateformes de simulation thermique de bâtiments est proposé, basé sur la paramétrisation des sollicitations extérieures par le facteur solaire. La méthode de calcul du facteur solaire est présentée. Le caractère intrinsèque facteur solaire et son intérêt sont discutés notamment à partir d’analyse de sensibilités. / During the design process of a building, the energetic modelling of the solar envelop is often imprecise. The purpose of the present work is the detailed description of solar shading devices that induce a chimney effect such as claddings or blinds, which would allow their promotion in order to meet the industrial needs of the sector. An experimental platform – south facing wall with a shading solar device that define an air gap – has been set up and allow the measurement of temperatures, air flows in the ventilated air gap, and the incident solar radiation. Two different wooden claddings, one type of blinds and one type of expanded metal were considered.A 1D model has been developed by considering precisely the heat transfers in the system. Three families of convection model are identified, presented and integrated in the overall model. The description of the airflow in the air gap is chosen from analysis of the experimental results.A simplified model that allows the integration of such solar shading devices in a building simulation platform has been developed; it is based on the parameterization of external solicitations as function of the shading device properties. The calculation method of the solar factor is presented. The intrinsic nature of the solar factor is then discussed using sensibility analysis.

The pace of development in modern society since the Industrial Revolution has beenunprecedented and it keeps proceeding in a more aggressive and accelerated phase. However, thisdevelopment is a highly energy demanded action which is resulting an increased exploitation ofnatural resources, and subsequently, an expanded pressure on our environment, which sometimesconflicts between proprietors. On the other hand, it also creates great opportunities fortechnological developments as well as new research fields. As one of the biggest energy consumers,it is a crucial task that building and real estate sector follow this development trend by inventingand practicing new methods and technologies in order to limit energy usage and increase energyefficiency for a contribution to sustainable development in the society.When considering improvement of energy efficiency of the buildings from the million homeprogramme, it is worth to carry out energy analysis before renovation works begins in order toobtain a holistic overview of the energy issues those buildings are struggling with. For dwellingsfrom almost 50 years ago, one of the biggest issues is the large energy usage for heating due to theheat loss to the ambience through the building’s envelope. More precisely, the heat losses throughroof, walls, windows, doors, ventilations and infiltrations. This thesis will focus on technologicalsolutions that can control the heat losses caused by convection and conduction through the externalwalls, windows and doors, which approximately stands for nearly 55% of the total heat loss for ahouse from the million home programme. Furthermore, with help of passive heating and coolingstrategies, improvement of both energy performance and indoor thermal comfort on the studiedlamellar house from the million home programme will be achieved.According to the simulation results, the installation of double glass façade on the outside of theexternal walls can reduce energy consumption, as well as keep indoor thermal comfort in desirableboundaries. In the simulated executive model, the delivered energy has been reduced to 95.3𝐾𝑊ℎ/𝑚2𝐴𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 from the basic model with 121.8 𝐾𝑊ℎ/𝑚2𝐴𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟. However,In the exclusive model the delivered energy has successfully declined to 71.1 𝐾𝑊ℎ/𝑚2𝐴𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 , which is under the maximum permitted value (85.0 𝐾𝑊ℎ/viii𝑚2𝐴𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟) in the Swedish building code. Both of models has maintained the occupancysatisfaction in adequate boundaries.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

L’inquiétude croissante concernant le futur des ressources énergétique a fait de l’optimisation énergétique une priorité dans tous les secteurs. De nombreux sujets de recherche se sont focalisés sur celui du bâtiment étant le principal consommateur d’énergie, en particulier à cause de ses besoins en chauffage. L’application des stratégies de contrôle et de gestion innovantes peuvent contribuer à des économies d'énergie. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'introduire le concept intelligent dans les bâtiments pour réduire la consommation d'énergie. L'étude vise à développer un modèle permettant de prédire le comportement thermique des bâtiments. La thèse propose une méthodologie basée sur la sélection des paramètres d'entrée pertinents, après une analyse de pertinence, pour développer un modèle simplifié de réseau de neurones artificiel, utilisé pour la prévision de température intérieure. Le domaine intelligent nécessite un processus automatisé pour comprendre la dynamique des bâtiments et décrire ses caractéristiques. L’utilisation des modèles thermiques réduits convient pour de telles stratégies. Ainsi, la thèse présente une étude préliminaire pour la génération d'un processus automatisé pour déterminer la prévision de température intérieure à court terme et les caractéristiques des bâtiments basées sur la modélisation en boîte grise. Cette étude est basée sur une méthodologie capable de trouver l'ensemble de données le plus fiable qui décrit le mieux la dynamique du bâtiment. L'étude montre que l'ordre le plus performant pour les modèles réduits est régi par la dynamique des données collectées utilisées. / With the highly developing concerns about the future of energy resources, the optimization of energy consumption becomes a must in all sectors. A lot of research was dedicated to buildings regarding that they constitute the highest energy consuming sector mainly because of their heating needs. Technologies have been improved and several methods are proposed for energy consumption optimization. Energy saving procedures can be applied through innovative control and management strategies. The objective of this thesis is to introduce the smart concept in the building system to reduce the energy consumption, as well as to improve comfort conditions and users’ satisfaction. The study aims to develop a model that makes it possible to predict thermal behavior of buildings. The thesis proposes a methodology based on the selection of pertinent input parameters, after a relevance analysis of a large set of input parameters, for the development of a simplified artificial neural network (ANN) model, used for indoor temperature forecasting. This model can be easily used in the optimal regulation of buildings’ energy devices. The smart domain needs an automated process to understand the buildings’ dynamics and to describe its characteristics. Such strategies are well described using reduced thermal models. Thus, the thesis presents a preliminary study for the generation of an automated process to determine short term indoor temperature prediction and buildings characteristics based on grey-box modeling. This study is based on a methodology capable of finding the most reliable set of data that describes the best the building’s dynamics. The study shows that the most performant order for reduced-models is governed by the dynamics of the collected data used.

The Nabataean people controlled the Petra region of modern-day Jordan from sometime before 300 BCE until the Roman Annexation of the Nabataean kingdom in 106 CE. The Nabataeans are known for the monumental façades carved into the sandstone cliffs surrounding their capital city. The first survey of the façade monuments was undertaken by Brünnow and Domaszewski in 1904. They created a typology that has only been slightly modified by subsequent authors including Judith McKenzie (1990). This typology does not account for all of the variations in façade types in Petra, thus creating a need for a new typology proposed in this paper. Additionally, no previous studies of the façade monuments has examined the impact of geological structures such as the orientation of the pre-existing cliffs, the presence of faults and fractures, and the height of the available cliffs. This study also assesses the potential role of naturally occurring zones of weakness in the sedimentary cliffs such as those created by faults and fractures caused by regional and local tectonic activity and their potential impact on Nabataean rock-cut structures. In order to organize the 300 Nabataean façades in this data set, it also became necessary to develop a new and more comprehensive typology of these structures than has been previously developed in Nabataean scholarship.

The thesis explores the various ways in which Biomimicry can be used to develop sustainable solutions that are derived from the natural cycles of organisms. Some of these include the use of solar and wind energy, as well as waste management. Aside from these, the thesis also explores the various ways in which Biomimicry can be used to develop more sustainable solutions for interior and exterior designs. The thesis explores different ways to help in sustainable architecture for the future as we are heading into the future. By using computational programming, we are able to design innovative solutions to help offset the carbon footprint of the planet. The design goal is to create a façade system inspired from the principles of biomimicry which helps in offsetting the carbon footprint of building over its lifespan.

O revestimento de argamassa de fachada é utilizado em praticamente todos os edifícios residenciais;assim, sua importância é caracterizada tanto pelo uso intenso, quanto por desempenhar importantes funções estéticas e de proteção do edifício, além de representar importante parcela do custo direto de construção e de manutenção das fachadas. O presente trabalho busca caracterizar, analisar e propor melhorias ao processo de produção dos revestimentos de argamassa de fachada de edifícios, particularmente quanto às etapas de projeto, execução e controle, através de levantamentos realizados em quatro obras de importantes empresas de construção na cidade de Santos. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em revisão bibliográfica, e posterior aplicação dos conceitos levantados nos estudos de caso. Com base neste estudo, foi possível identificar as condições locais de produção e os principais problemas enfrentados ao longo do processo, tendo sido possível à elaboração de sugestões de melhoria ao processo analisado. Além disso, espera-se que se possa contribuir também para a disseminação de ações de racionalização do processo de produção dos revestimentos de argamassa de fachada de edifícios; e, por conseqüência, contribuir para diminuir os problemas patológicos e os custos de produção das empresas construtoras. / The façade mortar covering is used in practically all residential buildings; thus, its importance is characterized by its intense use and also for playing important esthetic functions in building protection. Besides the fact, that it represents an important parcel of the direct cost of construction and façade\'s maintenance. The present work searches to characterize, analyze and consider improvements in the process of production of mortar covering, particularly related to each stage of the project, execution and control by surveys carried through four construction sites of important construction companies in the city of Santos. The methodology used consisted of bibliographical revision, and posterior application of the concepts researched in the case studies. Based on this study, it was possible to identify local conditions of production and the main problems faced throughout the process, having been possible to elaborate suggestions of improvement to the analyzed process. Moreover, it is expected that it can also contribute to the dissemination of façade\'s production management. Consequently, contributing to diminish the pathological problems and lowering the cost of production for contractors.