Glass facades building, especially offices, always need shading devices to guarantee occupant's well-being and comfort. However, shading devices are often composed of shutters or fabric tents which creates dark interiors and do not allow access to view out. Moreover, they ruin the aesthetical appearance of glass facades. The study aims to research and propose an alternative shading system for glass facades building which can prevent from glare in the interior spaces as well as respecting the continuity of a glass facade from an exterior point of view. Research upon materials that can be integrated into glass has been carried and Ceramic ink digital printing has been found as the right technique to ensure both a functional and aesthetical value. The material today has been used mainly for decorative functions. The patterns and the colors of the shading device proposed with ceramic and digital ink printing have been tested in Deloitte Building in Copenhagen with both 3D digital models and an online survey investigating comfort preferences.

Forms exemplifying the emergence of a new cultural attitude considered to reflect modern technological man are being generated in many disciplines. The efforts of disciplines embracing the new attitude provide opportunities to grasp the nature of this reorientation of man's position within his world, and further facilitate the adaptation of this attitude to other disciplines such as architecture. Until recently the theoretical basis for architecture was founded upon an extension of humanist philosophies. There has been an attempt to establish a new theoretical basis breaking with the ethical positivism assumed inherent in architectural expression. The new attitude provides such an alternative. Drama is one of the disciplines focusing this new attitude upon society, disclosing the philosophy and character via theatrical expression. Expressing a change in its theoretical basis, the forms of modern theater contrast with those. characteristic of theatrical expression prior to the twentieth century. Drama focuses upon the image of man in society, the philosophies, the conflicts and frustrations paramount to modern man. Modern theater authenticates the voice of modern man through theatrical forms. The criteria for selection of the dramatic arts was twofold, theater increases man's consciousness of his nature and to glean the spirit of the new attitude, injecting it into the design of the theater complex. / Master of Architecture

Lai Ho Mun Hemans. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2000-2001, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 51). / acknowledgments --- p.P.2 / introduction --- p.p.3 / researches --- p.p.4 - 19 / Chapter I. --- hongkong and density / Chapter II. --- extends of nature / Chapter III. --- essence of control / Chapter IV. --- building envelope / design concept --- p.p.20 - 27 / site analysis --- p.p.28- 32 / project program --- p.p.33- 34 / design developments --- p.p.35 - 43 / phase I / phase II / phase III / final design --- p.p.44 -50 / bibliography --- p.p.51 / appendix

Syfte: En fasad måste vara robust för att fylla sin funktion och materialet måste kunna stå emot angrepp utifrån, biologiska, kemiska och fysikaliska faktorer. Trä och tegel är eftertraktade som fasadmaterial för dagens nybyggda bostadshus. Eftersom olika material reagerar olika på angrepp är det viktigt att det finns skillnader i underhållsstrategier beroende på vilket fasadmaterial som används. Underhållsarbetet är en faktor som påverkar beslutet på fasadmaterial. Undersökningen ger ett underlag inför valet mellan materialen genom att utveckla underhållsstrategier för respektive material. Metod: För att uppnå målet med arbetet har tre metoder använts för att samla in empiri Dessa är litteraturstudie, intervjuer och dokumentanalys. I litteraturstudien samlades information från olika källor på internet in. Dessa källor hjälpte till att bygga ett teoretiskt ramverk om fastighetsförvaltning och underhållsstrategier. Dokumenten och intervjuerna gav praktisk kunskap om förhållningssätt till underhåll. Metoderna var lämpliga eftersom de tillsammans gav teoretisk såväl som praktisk kunskap kring material och underhåll. Den insamlade empirin analyserades och jämfördes för att kunna besvara frågeställningarna och uppnå målet. Resultat: Idag finns olika underhållsstrategier på trä- och tegelfasader. Den generella åsikten är att trä kräver fler underhållsåtgärder än tegel. Det har dock visat sig att det även förekommer problem med till exempel frostsprängning i större omfattning än vad som tidigare antagits. Underhållsplaner upprättas ofta efter grundlig undersökning av en byggnads egenskaper och kartläggning av dess underhållsbehov. Dessa planer används inte regelbundet hos förvaltningsföretag men det finns en önskan bland vissa förvaltare att ha en mer strukturell underhållsplanering i framtiden. Kategorisering av skador och tillkommande underhållsåtgärder kan användas vid upprättande av underhållsplaner. Ett sådant system är Monument Damage Diagnosis System, förkortat MDDS. Underhållsplaner kan också utformas som stegvisa processer som kan användas tillsammans med databaser över fasadens egenskaper och nödvändiga underhållsåtgärder. Konsekvenser: Denna rapport kommer att ge aktörer inom byggbranschen kunskap och olika strategier vid fasadunderhåll. Konsekvenserna blir att: Företag inom byggbranschen upprättar underhållsplaner mer i framtiden. Det upprättas strukturerade bedömningar om risker kopplade till material, byggnadsdel och yttre påverkan. För- och nackdelarna med trä- och tegelfasader uppmärksammas i högre grad än idag. Många riskfaktorer för tegel såsom frostsprängning har tidigare inte beaktats tillräckligt. Det rekommenderas att byggföretag tar till sig den forskning som finns av underhåll av trä- respektive tegelfasader. Eftersom trä är billigare än tegel i byggskedet men dyrare vid underhåll behöver dessa företag göra fler undersökningar om båda materials för- och nackdelar ur ekonomisk synpunkt. Byggföretag behöver om förutsättningarna finns även upprätta underhållsplaner eftersom dessa planer leder till att fel upptäcks tidigare och därmed minskar kostnaderna på lång sikt. Begränsningar: Resultatet är enbart tillämpbart på fasader av trä och fasader av tegel.  Vidare kan resultatet bara tillämpas på bostadshus eftersom inga andra byggnadstyper har undersökts. Underhållsstrategin som utvecklats i rapporten kan i grunden användas i alla typer av klimat dock måste alltid lokala klimatförhållanden beaktas när strategin appliceras i praktiken. Att upprätta en underhållsplan kräver även en god ekonomi därför är det inte säkert att rapportens underhållsstrategi alltid kan upprättas i verkligheten om det finns ekonomiska hinder.  Litteraturstudien har studerat underhållsstrategier på global nivå medan dokumentanalysen och intervjuerna har fokuserat på de lokala förhållandena i Sverige. / Purpose: A façade must be robust to be able to fulfil its role and the material must be able to withstand exterior threats. These threats could be biological, chemical, or physical. Wood and brick are popular as façade materials when it comes to the newly constructed residential buildings of today. Since different materials react different on threats it is vital that there are separate maintenance strategies depending on the choice of façade material. The examination gives the choice between the materials a basis by developing maintenance strategies for respective material Method: To achieve the goal of the project, three methods have been used to collect empirical data. These methods are literature study, interviews, and document analysis. In the literature study, information from different sources on the internet were collected. The sources helped building a theoretical about property management and maintenance management. The document and interviews provided practical knowledge about maintenance approaches. The methods were suitable since together they provided both theoretical and practical knowledge about materials and maintenance. The collected data was analysed and compared to answer the questions and achieve the projects goal. Findings: Today there are different maintenance strategies for wood and brick facades. The general opinion is that wooden facades require more maintenance than brick facades. Although brick facades have had more problems with for example frost shattering than what was assumed before. Maintenance plans are often established after thorough investigation of a building’s properties and mapping of its maintenance needs. These plans aren’t used regularly among property managers but there’s a wish among some of them to have more structural maintenance planning in the future. Categorization of damages and additional maintenance activities can be used when establishing maintenance plans. One such system is Monument Damage Diagnosis System, abbreviated MDDS. Maintenance plans could also be formulated as step-by-step processes that could be used together with databases of a façade's properties and necessary maintenance actions. Implications: This study will give actors in the construction industry better knowledge about different strategies for façade maintenance. The consequences will be: That companies in the construction industry establish maintenance plans more in the future. That structural evaluations of risks depending on material, building component and external influence are established That strengths and weaknesses with wooden facades and brick facades are paid attention to more in the future. Many risk factors affecting brick facades has not been sufficiently acknowledged before. It is recommended that construction companies take note of current research on maintenance of wooden and brick facades. Since wood is cheaper to build with but more expensive to maintain than brick companies need to do more studies about these materials strengths and weaknesses. Construction companies also need to establish and follow maintenance plans if the conditions are right since that would lead to damages being discovered earlier and therefore decreases costs in a long term. Limitations: The result is only applicable on wooden and brick facades. Furthermore, the result can only be applied on residential houses since no other type of building has been examined. The maintenance strategy that has been developed in the report is in can be used in all climates, but local climate circumstances must always be considered then the strategy is applied in practice. Establishing a maintenance plan requires a good economy therefore it is not certain that the report’s maintenance strategy will always be possible to establish in reality if there are economical limits. The literature study has examined maintenance strategies on a global scale while the document analysis and the interviews has focused on the local circumstances in Sweden.

Many attempts have been made to design buildings that reduce the heat gain inside the building. In hot-humid region, architects deal with many forces of nature. These forces might be Rain, Humidity, and solar heat gain. Thermal mass was been used for centuries in hot-arid region as a way to limit the dry-bulb temperature swing inside the building. However, there are some architects who agree that thermal mass materials could be used in hot-humid climate. This thesis project suggests using ventilated envelope that incorporates thermal mass in the design of the ventilated envelope. The result of the experiment shows that using ventilated envelopes with thermal mass would allow the heat gained in the cladding and in the thermal mass to be released to the air cavity and therefore releasing the heat from the building to the exterior atmosphere. The ventilated facade could be improved by adding thermal insulation and by using reflective materials on the cladding.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe buvo išanalizuota didelių įstiklintų atitvarų plotų įtaka šildymo ir vėsinimo energijos sąnaudoms. Atlikta stiklo paketų, jų terminių savybių bei pasyvių energijos taupymo priemonių taikymo apžvalga. Konkretiems objektams pasirinkti penki energijos poreikių analizės variantai. Nustatyta, kaip energijos poreikius įtakoja didžiausio įstiklinto pastato fasado orientacija pasaulio šalių atžvilgiu, skirtingos stiklo paketų optinės ir šiluminės savybės bei pasyvių energiją taupančių priemonių naudojimas. Išnagrinėta apie septyniasdešimt skaičiavimo variantų. Palyginti skirtingų vėsinimo poreikių skaičiavimo metodikų rezultatai. Atlikta 2009 – 2010 m. šildymo sezono vidutinių išorės oro temperatūrų analizė. Natūrinėmis sąlygomis nustatytas patalpų oro temperatūros ir santykinio drėgnumo kitimas ir palyginta su reglamentuojamomis vertėmis. Nagrinėjamajame objekte atlikta skaičiuojamųjų ir faktinių šilumos suvartojimų, perskaičiuotų į norminius dydžius, palyginamoji analizė. / The Master's degree paper analyses the influence of large glazed areas of heating and cooling energy costs. Carried out the review of glazing, their thermal properties and the passive energy saving measures. The analysis of five options for energy needs of certain objects has been done. Established the affect to energy needs of the largest glazed façade orientation of the world's countries, different glazing optical and thermal properties and passive energy-saving tools. Examined about seventy calculation options. The results of different methods of calculating the cooling needs have been compared. Carried out the average outside air temperature analysis in 2009 - 2010 heating season. At subsistence conditions the indoor air temperature and relative humidity has been identified, and compared with the governing values. The comparative analysis in considered object of estimated and actual consumption of heat, expressed in the normative values, has been done.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama studentų bendrabučių problematika, aptariamas pasirinktos temos aktualumas ir analogiškos paskirties pastatų projektavimo principai. Darbe analizuojami užsienio šalių studentų kompleksai suprojektuoti per pastaruosius penkerius metus ir apžvelgiami šia tema atlikti konkursiniai darbai. Apibendrinus tiriamąją medžiagą, parengta projektuojamo objekto programa ir suprojektuotas studentų gyvenamasis kompleksas. Išanalizavus studentų aukštųjų mokyklų situaciją Vilniaus mieste pasirinkta tinkamiausia ir problematiškiausia vieta studentų kompleksui. Atliktos teritorijos istorinių šaltinių, kultūros vertybių ir urbanistinės analizės. Ištirtų duomenų rezultatai apibendrinami, pateikiamos išvados. Vadovaujantis teritorijos ir sklypo tyrimų išvadomis pateikiami teritorijos sutvarkymo ir atgaivinimo siūlymai. Magistro baigiamajame darbe įgyvendinti užsibrėžti tikslai suprojektuoti funkcionalų, daugiafunkcinį studentų kompleksą, atitinkantį šiuolaikinio jaunimo poreikius. / The thesis examines student housing topic and the relevance of the issue. The research of analogical building design principles includes student complexes designed worldwide and some competition-based projects. The individual project of student housing complex is prepared in accordance with this research material. The site selection for the project is based on an analysis of the present academical structure in the urban context of Vilnius. The complexity of the chosen area resulted a broader research of historical sources, evaluation of cultural values, dissection of urban quality. The analytical educations leaded to a conceptual proposal of territory’s urban regeneration and recovery. Master thesis aims to implement determinate goals designing a multifunctional student housing complex that suits the needs of contemporary youth. The work consists of eight sections: introduction, analytical review of sources, local research, experimental design, the draft explanatory memorandum, conclusions, references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pietro Giuliboni Nemr Coelho.pdf: 2817696 bytes, checksum: 82766550af9919c64426252f58c0179c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-07 / The digital environment of social networks and apps allows the users to produce and share original contents in real time, to several people around the world. In the Instagram app, through material and symbolic consumption, users take possession of cultural symbols and signs to produce photos about the most diverse themes and to build their profiles inside a collaborative and dynamic environment. The research here presented had as an objective to study this process of imagery production and how it relates to the identity construction of the users in the digital environment, by snipping moments of their lives and the construction of facades. Supported by authors such as Castells, Giddens, Goffman, Primo, Silva, Slater and Tondato, we discussed the operation of the app and how it relates to the concepts of identity and consumption in a Post-Modern society; and based on interviews with users of the app, we develop the discussion about the construction of profiles and the possible implications to the image of each user. The results show us how Instagram becomes a stage, where users can build a facade by snipping moments of their daily activities, showing an ideal lifestyle, through the consumption of products and services portrayed in the pictures, even if its done unintentionally. Façade that is accessible to a more restrict audience than in other social networks. / O ambiente digital das redes e aplicativos sociais possibilita aos usuários produzirem e compartilharem conteúdos originais em tempo real e para diversas pessoas ao redor do mundo. No aplicativo Instagram, através do consumo material e simbólico, usuários se apropriam de símbolos e signos culturais para produzirem fotos dos mais diversos temas e construírem seus perfis dentro de um ambiente colaborativo e dinâmico. A pesquisa aqui apresentada teve como objetivo estudar este processo de produção imagética e como isso se relaciona à construção identitária de seus usuários no ambiente digital, através do recorte de momentos de suas vidas e da construção de fachadas. Apoiados em autores como Castells, Giddens, Goffman, Primo, Silva, Slater e Tondato, discutimos o funcionamento do aplicativo e como isso se relaciona aos conceitos de identidade e consumo em uma sociedade Pós-moderna; e por meio de entrevistas com usuários do aplicativo, desenvolvemos a discussão sobre a construção dos perfis e as possíveis implicações para com a imagem de cada usuário. Os resultados nos mostram como o Instagram se torna um palco onde seus usuários podem construir uma fachada a partir de recortes de seus cotidianos, exibindo um estilo de vida ideal, através do consumo de produtos e serviços retratados nas fotos, ainda que não intencionalmente. Fachada esta acessível a um público mais restrito do que aquele de outras redes sociais.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2019-01-24T18:42:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 ane_caroline_melo_silva.pdf: 4163065 bytes, checksum: c02af54b1eca2ea275982d3c4353e8a7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-24T18:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ane_caroline_melo_silva.pdf: 4163065 bytes, checksum: c02af54b1eca2ea275982d3c4353e8a7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The detachment of ceramic tiles in buildings is a problem that still persists in several modern buildings, despite the various advances achieved in the sector of façade technology and an increasingly demanding consumer public. Such detachments may occur by adhesive rupture at the interfaces of the system or by cohesive rupture within any of its layers. Studies have shown that most ceramic façades in facades occur in the interface mortar and ceramic plaque and this is because it is the region of the most requested coating system by shear stresses. In Brazil, the most used methodology to evaluate the adhesion of ceramic coatings is the adhesion strength test to direct traction, however, such evaluation may be insufficient to verify the adhesion quality of the coatings to the substrate, since the adherence of the system is resulting not only from the tensile strength, but also from the shear bond strength and the extent of adhesion of the mortar. This dissertation aims to contribute to the study and understanding of the influence of the contact area on the adhesion of the interface between adhesive mortar and ceramic plate by means of the evaluation of the adhesion resistance from the crack propagation test in mixed mode of stress (MMF - Mixed Mode Flexure) simulates tensile and shear forces simultaneously. The systems produced in the laboratory reproduce conditions where the failure in the extension of the mortar contributes to the decrease of the resistance of adhesion. Through a universal mechanical testing machine, a punctual progressive load was applied to the 120 specimens produced in order to promote internal tensile and shear forces. The variables incorporated into the experiment were the type of mortar used, the thickness of the mortar in the specimen and the size of the glue failure induced in the set. The experimental results show that the adhesion strength at the interface between the adhesive mortar and the ceramic plate decreases as the adhesion failure increases, with a loss of adhesion of up to 44.2% and 51.4% (AC II and AC III, respectively). The adhesion strength values found by the direct drive test were 60.8% (AC II) and 58.1% (AC III) higher than the results obtained by the mechanical test in mixed mode, indicating an oversized system result of the facade cladding when the direct tensile adhesion strength was verified alone. / O descolamento de placas de revestimento em edificações é um problema que ainda persiste em várias construções modernas, apesar dos diversos avanços alcançados no setor de tecnologia de fachadas e de um público consumidor cada vez mais exigente. Tais descolamentos podem ocorrer por ruptura adesiva nas interfaces do sistema ou, ainda, por ruptura coesiva no interior de qualquer uma de suas camadas. Estudos mostraram que a maioria dos descolamentos cerâmicos em fachadas acontecem na interface argamassa colante e placa cerâmica e isso se dá em razão que é a região do sistema de revestimento mais solicitada por esforços de cisalhamento. No Brasil, a metodologia mais utilizada para avaliação da aderência de revestimentos cerâmicos é o ensaio de resistência de aderência à tração direta, contudo, tal avaliação pode ser insuficiente para constatação da qualidade da adesão dos revestimentos ao substrato, visto que a aderência do sistema é resultante não somente da resistência de aderência à tração, mas também da resistência de aderência ao cisalhamento e da extensão de aderência da argamassa. Esta dissertação objetiva contribuir para o estudo e compreensão da influência da área de contato na aderência da interface entre argamassa colante e placa cerâmica por meio da avaliação da resistência de aderência a partir do ensaio de propagação de fissura no modo misto de tensões (MMF – Mixed Mode Flexure) que simula esforços de tração e cisalhamento simultaneamente. Os sistemas produzidos em laboratório reproduzem condições onde a falha na extensão da argamassa contribui para a diminuição da resistência de aderência. Através de uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos universais, aplicou-se uma carga progressiva pontual nos 120 corpos de prova produzidos, de modo a promover esforços internos de tração e cisalhamento. As variáveis incorporadas ao experimento foram o tipo de argamassa utilizada, a espessura da argamassa no corpo de prova e o tamanho da falha de colagem induzida no conjunto. Os resultados experimentais mostram que a resistência de aderência na interface entre a argamassa colante e placa cerâmica decresce à medida que a falha na colagem aumenta, apresentando perda de aderência de até 44,2% e 51,4% (AC II e AC III, respectivamente). Os valores de resistência de aderência encontrados por meio do ensaio de tração direta são 60,8% (AC II) e 58,1% (AC III) maiores que os resultados obtidos pelo ensaio mecânico em modo misto, indicando um resultado superdimensionado do sistema de revestimento da fachada quando verificada a resistência de aderência à tração direta isoladamente.

Os revestimentos cerâmicos de fachadas passaram a ser, há alguns anos, objeto de preocupação de muitas empresas construtoras por terem se tornado importante fonte de manifestações patológicas em edifícios. A busca de tecnologias que minimizem a incidência destes problemas encontrou como uma possível solução o aumento da capacidade de absorver deformações dos revestimentos cerâmicos, pelo emprego de detalhes construtivos tais como as juntas de movimentação. No entanto, ao longo da sua utilização, logo foi percebido que este detalhe construtivo demanda uma tecnologia construtiva particular para que não se constitua numa nova fonte de problemas. Estimulada pela carência de estudos sobre este detalhe construtivo específico, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento do seu estado da arte, sistematizando as informações visando a especificação a execução das juntas em revestimentos cerâmicos de fachadas. Como metodologia de trabalho realizou-se a investigação da bibliografia nacional e internacional disponível sobre o assunto, a qual buscou a reunião de informações de diferentes comitês e grupos internacionais que vêm empreendendo estudos há muito tempo sobre o assunto. Numa segunda etapa realizou-se um levantamento de campo que envolveu o resgate da experiência da autora no desenvolvimento e aplicação de projetos de revestimentos, além de entrevistas com projetistas. Como resultado, o trabalho reuniu informações a respeito do comportamento dos revestimentos cerâmicos de fachadas que leva à necessidade de utilização de juntas de movimentação; apresentou requisitos de desempenho das juntas e propriedades dos seus constituintes para atendimento desses requisitos; causas e métodos de prevenção de falhas nas juntas; métodos de ensaios para controle da qualidade dos materiais utilizados no selamento; e propôs-se, ao final, um caminho para o processo de projeto para a produção das juntas de movimentação. Pôde-se concluir que tecnologia de produção de juntas de movimentação demanda, para a sua especificação, conhecimentos da engenharia estrutural e da tecnologia de construção, além de uma sólida base sobre o comportamento dos materiais e dos inúmeros pormenores envolvidos em sua execução que também devem ser dominados; por isto mesmo, deve ser uma etapa mais valorizada no conjunto dos projetos do edifício. / Ceramic tiled buildings facades have become a preoccupation object for the last few years for many construction companies, because they have turned an important source of buildings pathology. The search by technologies that minimize the incidence of these problems identified, as a possible solution, the increase of the capacity to absorb deformations of the ceramic tile, by the use of constructive details such as the movement joints. However, during its utilization, it was noticed, that the movement joints demand a particular constructive technology, so these have not become a new source of problems. Stimulated by the lack of study about this specific constructive detail, this research had as objective to do a survey of its State of the Art, systematizing the information seeking the specification and execution of the movement joints. As a methodology of this work, it has been accomplished an investigation of both national and international bibliography, available about the topic, bringing together the information of different international committees and groups that has been executing studies about the topic for a long time. On the second stage, it was accomplished a field research involving the recovery of the author's experience in the development and application in the cladding projects, besides interviews with projectors. It is possible to conclude that the production technologies of movements joints demand, for its specification, knowledge of structural engineering and the construction technologies, besides a solid base about the materials behavior and of the innumerable details involved in its execution, that also must be dominated; thus that stage should be more valorized in the building projects.