O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi o de analisar os fatores intrínsecos associados ao risco de quedas entre os idosos residentes no Município de São Paulo no ano de 2000. Para alcançar tal objetivo foram utilizados os dados referentes à população idosa do Estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento) Brasil, obtidos junto aos idosos residentes na zona urbana do Município de São Paulo, no ano de 2000. Utilizou-se a análise multivariada, o que permitiu uma abordagem analítica dos dados, considerando-se o comportamento per si e na presença das demais variáveis estudadas. Os cruzamentos dessas variáveis com a queda foram realizados separadamente, por sexo e idade, utilizando-se a ponderação amostral e o teste de associação de Rao Scott. Para identificar o risco de morte para as variáveis idade, sexo e queda, foram utilizadas a análise de sobrevida e as curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan Meier. Com essa pesquisa, concluiu-se que quanto mais longeva for a pessoa, maior o número de fatores intrínsecos relacionados à ocorrência de quedas. Por isso, a importância de novos estudos envolvendo os fatores intrínsecos para futuras prevenções de quedas nos idosos. Além disso, foi possível verificar, com as curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan Méier, o risco elevado de morte nos idosos que sofreram queda ou com idade avançada, principalmente para o sexo feminino. / The objective of this study was to analyze the intrinsic factors associated with risk of falls among the elderly living in São Paulo in 2000. For this purpose we used the data on the elderly population in the study SABE ( Health, Welfare and Ageing)- Brazil obtained the elderly living in the urban area of São Paulo in 2000. We used multivariate analysis, which allowed for an analytical data, considering the behavior itself and in the presence of others. The intersections of these variables with the fall were performed separately by sex and age using the weighted sample and the test of association Rao-Scott. To identify the risk of death for the variables age, sex and fall-was used survival analysis and survival curves of Kaplan Meier. With this research it was found that the more a person is long-lived, the greater the number of intrinsic factors related to falls. Hence the importance of new studies involving the intrinsic factors for future preventions of falls in the elderly. Moreover, it was possible to verify, with the survival curves of Kaplan Meier, the increased risk of death in elderly people suffered falls or with advanced age, especially for females.

Submitted by JACOB CROSARIOL NETTO Crosariol Netto (jacob_netto@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-24T21:47:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Jacob_Crosariol_Netto.pdf: 1461716 bytes, checksum: 8e775579f98ce9756ce677febd37324b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-06T17:33:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 crosariolnetto_j_dr_jabo.pdf: 1461716 bytes, checksum: 8e775579f98ce9756ce677febd37324b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T17:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 crosariolnetto_j_dr_jabo.pdf: 1461716 bytes, checksum: 8e775579f98ce9756ce677febd37324b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is the major pest of corn in tropical and subtropical regions in the American Continent. Among the most used methods to control this pest in Brazil, it highlights the use of genetically modified plants from the insertion of a Bacillus thuringiensis gene that confers to the plant the expression of proteins with insecticidal actions. However, after two or three years these technologies reduce the degree of suppression of larvae, mainly due to the continuous and inadequate use of the technology. The objective of this work was to study in field conditions, the behavior of Bt corn hybrids against lepidopteran attacks as S. frugiperda and Helicoverpa zea in four corn-producing regions of São Paulo State, as well as to study in laboratory conditions the comparative biology of populations of S. frugiperda collected in these regions. Field experiments were carried out during the second corn season in 2014 in the regions of Médio Paranapanema, Centro Norte, Noroeste and Norte of São Paulo State where were used 25 corn cultivars with the expression of different insecticidal proteins. To the comparative biology study, the larvae were collected in the four regions of the state, the larvae were sent to Integrated Pest Management Laboratory of FCAV-Unesp where the experiments were carried out with leaves of corn hybrids of different technologies. The results of field experiments demonstrate that the insecticidal protein VIP3Aa20 presents a high level of suppression on the populations of S. frugiperda and H. zea, in addition, the corn hybrids that express the insecticidal protein Cry1F were the most susceptible against the attack of these two pests. Through the results obtained from the experiments of comparative biology, it was verified that the insecticidal protein VIP3Aa20 provided 100% of mortality of larvae from the four regions. The hybrid with expression of the proteins Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + Cry1F was the one that provided low viability of S. frugiperda larvae coming from the four regions of the São Paulo State. The hybrid that expresses the insecticidal protein Cry1F provided low levels of suppression as well as low adverse effects in the development of S. frugiperda coming from the four regions of the state, indicating that the populations present in these four regions are resistant to the action of this insecticidal protein. / A lagarta do cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda é a principal praga da cultura do milho nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais do continente americano. Dentre os métodos mais utilizados para o controle desta praga no Brasil, destaca-se o uso de plantas geneticamente modificadas a partir da inserção de um gene da bactéria Bacillus thuringiensis que confere a planta a expressão de proteínas com ações inseticidas. No entanto, durante dois ou três anos estas tecnologias reduziram o grau de supressão às lagartas, principalmente pelo uso continuo e inadequado da tecnologia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar em condições de campo, o comportamento de híbridos de milho Bt frente ao ataque de lepidópteros, como a S. frugiperda e Helicoverpa zea, em quatro regiões produtoras de milho do estado de São Paulo, bem como estudar em condições de laboratório a biologia comparada de populações de S. frugiperda coletadas nestas regiões. Os experimentos de campo foram realizados no período da segunda safra de milho, no ano de 2014, nas regiões do Médio Paranapanema, Centro Norte, Noroeste e Norte do estado de São Paulo, onde foram utilizados 25 cultivares de milho com expressão de diferentes proteínas inseticidas. Para o estudo de biologia comparada foi realizada a coleta de lagartas nas quatro regiões do estado, as lagartas foram enviadas ao laboratório de Manejo Integrado de Pragas da FCAV-Unesp onde foram realizados os experimentos com folhas de híbridos de milho de diferentes tecnologias. Os resultados dos experimentos realizados a campo demonstram que a proteína inseticida VIP3Aa20 apresenta alto nível de supressão sobre as populações de S. frugiperda e Helicoverpa zea, além disso, os híbridos de milho que expressam a proteína inseticida Cry1F foram os mais suscetíveis frente ao ataque destas duas pragas. Através dos resultados obtidos para os experimentos de biologia comparada, constatou-se que a proteína inseticida VIP3Aa20 proporcionou 100% de mortalidade das lagartas oriundas das quatro regiões. O híbrido com expressão das proteínas Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + Cry1F foi o que proporcionou menor viabilidade de lagartas de S. frugiperda oriundas das quatro regiões do estado. O híbrido que expressa a proteína inseticida Cry1F proporcionou baixos níveis de supressão além de baixos efeitos adversos no desenvolvimento de S. frugiperda oriundas das quatro regiões do estado, indicando que as populações presentes nestas quatro regiões se encontram resistentes a ação desta proteína inseticida.

Para minimizar as perturbações posturais de um movimento, o controle postural ativa os músculos não associados ao movimento focal. Os ajustes posturas de idosos são menos eficientes para evitar as quedas. O medo da queda também é um risco de queda. Deste modo, o problema desta pesquisa é: como o ajuste postural é organizado para garantir o controle postural durante atividade voluntária nos idosos caidores? Participaram 40 idosos (72,1±2,7 anos) que foram divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com suas características de queda e atividade física. Cada grupo (n=10) realizou a tarefa de flexão rápida dos membros superiores em bases de apoio instável e estável, as tarefas de alcance anterior e lateral e responderam a Falls Eficacy Scale. A atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos do tronco e do membro inferior foi registrada nos intervalos típicos dos ajustes posturais. A atividade muscular foi maior nas tarefas de alcance, no ajuste postural online, nos idosos caidores e sem medo de cair. Os idosos sedentários mostraram maior ativação dos músculos da cadeia anterior e os idosos ativos da mostraram maior ativação da musculatura posterior. A variabilidade do sinal eletromiográfico foi maior no ajuste postural compensatório, na tarefa sobre base instável, em idosos caidores. Conclue-se que os idosos caidores aumentam a atividade muscular após o início de movimento para manter o equilíbrio durante a tarefa pela incapacidade de gerar um APA eficiente. Os fatores de risco extrínsecos para quedas são relevantes para os idosos, uma vez que prática da atividade física não elimina o risco de cair / To minimize the postural disturbance provoked by a movement, the postural control activates the postural muscles instead of the focal movement muscles. The postural adjustments in the elderly are not enough efficient to avoid the falls. The fear of falling is also a risk of falling. Thus, the research question is: how the posture adjustment is organized to ensure postural control during voluntary activity of the falling elderly? The participants were 40 elderly (72.1 ± 2.7 years old) who were divided into four groups according to their falls characteristics and physical activity. Each group (n = 10) performed the shoulder extension as fast as possible on the unstable and stable suportt bases, as well the anterior and lateral reach task. They answered the Falls Eficacy Scale. The electrical activity of the trunk and lower limb muscles were recorded within the typical ranges of the postural adjustments. The highest muscle activation occurred during the reach tasks, for the online postural adjustment, for the fallers and without fear of falling. The sedentary participants showed higher activation of the anterior muscles and the active participants presented higher activation of the posterior muscles. The variability of electromyographical activity is higher during the compensatory postural adjustment, for the unstable support basis and for the fallers. It is concluded that the falling elderly increases the muscle activity after the beginning of movement to maintain balance due to the anticipatory postural adjustment inefficiency. The extrinsic risk factors to fall are relevant for falling prevention in elderly, since the practice of physical activity does not eliminates the risk to fall

O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi o de analisar os fatores intrínsecos associados ao risco de quedas entre os idosos residentes no Município de São Paulo no ano de 2000. Para alcançar tal objetivo foram utilizados os dados referentes à população idosa do Estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento) Brasil, obtidos junto aos idosos residentes na zona urbana do Município de São Paulo, no ano de 2000. Utilizou-se a análise multivariada, o que permitiu uma abordagem analítica dos dados, considerando-se o comportamento per si e na presença das demais variáveis estudadas. Os cruzamentos dessas variáveis com a queda foram realizados separadamente, por sexo e idade, utilizando-se a ponderação amostral e o teste de associação de Rao Scott. Para identificar o risco de morte para as variáveis idade, sexo e queda, foram utilizadas a análise de sobrevida e as curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan Meier. Com essa pesquisa, concluiu-se que quanto mais longeva for a pessoa, maior o número de fatores intrínsecos relacionados à ocorrência de quedas. Por isso, a importância de novos estudos envolvendo os fatores intrínsecos para futuras prevenções de quedas nos idosos. Além disso, foi possível verificar, com as curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan Méier, o risco elevado de morte nos idosos que sofreram queda ou com idade avançada, principalmente para o sexo feminino. / The objective of this study was to analyze the intrinsic factors associated with risk of falls among the elderly living in São Paulo in 2000. For this purpose we used the data on the elderly population in the study SABE ( Health, Welfare and Ageing)- Brazil obtained the elderly living in the urban area of São Paulo in 2000. We used multivariate analysis, which allowed for an analytical data, considering the behavior itself and in the presence of others. The intersections of these variables with the fall were performed separately by sex and age using the weighted sample and the test of association Rao-Scott. To identify the risk of death for the variables age, sex and fall-was used survival analysis and survival curves of Kaplan Meier. With this research it was found that the more a person is long-lived, the greater the number of intrinsic factors related to falls. Hence the importance of new studies involving the intrinsic factors for future preventions of falls in the elderly. Moreover, it was possible to verify, with the survival curves of Kaplan Meier, the increased risk of death in elderly people suffered falls or with advanced age, especially for females.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-09-27 / The objectives of this work were: to identify lineages of Trichogramma which occur naturally in eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda, in the West of Paran?; to select, under laboratory conditions, about eggs of the alternative host Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller), the lineage with the highest potential of parasitism and to evaluate the efficency of the selected line to control S. frugiperda in field conditions. Collections were realized in commercial, conventional and organic crops in properties in the West of Paran?. The collected lineages in the field were named (E1, E3, L3) and after, identified as T. pretiosum. The biology of the collected lineages in the field and the line (L2) breeded massively under laboratory conditions in Anagasta kuehniella eggs, were realized in temperature of 25?2 ?C; 70 ? 10% R.U. and 14 h. photophase. After the line selection through the analysis of biological parameters, two liberation experiments were performed in field conditions. On experiment 1, 100 thousand parasitoids per hectare were liberated and evaluated weekly, evaluating the plants which sufferd or not, the fall armyworm attack, observing the leaf damages, as scrape and perforation. On experiment 2, 200 thousand parasitoids per hectare were liberated and evaluated weekly, observing the same damages caused by Spodoptera related on the previous experiment. L2 was selected, due to this line large number of parasited eggs and larger number of females presented, when compared to males for later use in the field. In general, the conclusion is that in both experiments (1 and 2), there was significant reduction of the number of the damaged plants by S. frugiperda in treated areas with T. pretiosum / Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: identificar linhagens de Trichogramma que ocorrem naturalmente em ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda, na região Oeste do estado do Paraná; selecionar em laboratório, sobre ovos do hospedeiro alternativo Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller), a linhagem com o maior potencial de parasitismo e avaliar a eficiência a campo da linhagem selecionada no controle de S. frugiperda. Para isso foram realizadas coletas em plantações comerciais, convencionais e orgânicas em propriedades da região Oeste do Paraná. As linhagens coletadas a campo foram denominadas de (E1, E3, L6) e posteriormente identificadas como T. pretiosum. Foi realizada a biologia das linhagens coletadas a campo e também da linhagem (L2) criada massalmente em laboratório em ovos de Anagasta kuehniella em temperatura de 25±2 ºC; 70 ± 10% U.R. e 14 h. de fotofase. Após a seleção da linhagem pela análise dos parâmetros biológicos, foram realizados dois experimentos de liberação em campo. No experimento 1, 100 mil parasitóides por hectare foram liberados e avaliados semanalmente, levando em consideração as plantas que sofreram ou não, o ataque da lagarta-do-cartucho, observando os danos foliares, como raspagem e perfuração. No experimento 2, 200 mil parasitóides por hectare foram liberados e avaliados semanalmente, levando em consideração os mesmos danos causados pela Spodoptera citado no experimento anterior. Foi selecionado a L2, devido esta linhagem apresentar maior número de ovos parasitados e maior quantidade de fêmeas em relação aos machos para posterior uso em campo. No geral, pode se concluir que em ambos os experimentos (1 e 2) houve redução significativa do número de plantas danificadas por S. frugiperda em áreas tratadas com T. pretiosum.

This study was designed to create a high-risk fall profile for a specific Appalachian community. Data were obtained from 1,598 individuals with fall-related injuries who had been had been evaluated at a Level 1 Trauma center in Northeast Tennessee throughout 2011 and 2012, ages of individuals were 18 to 85 years. Data collected included: age, gender, county of fall, site of fall, type of fall, number of co-morbidities, season of fall, and time of day of fall. Results showed differences in criteria for categorizing individuals at high risk of falls, as well as data that had not appeared in the literature such as high-risk counties, a new high-risk age range, and the specific type of fall occurring. Tailored interventions should be created to fit the needs of this at risk community.

abstract: Every year, 3 million older people are treated for fall injuries, and nearly 800,000 are hospitalized, many of which due to head injuries or hip fractures. In 2015 alone, Medicare and Medicaid paid nearly 75% of the $50 Billion in medical costs generated by falls. As the US population continues to age, more adults are beginning to deal with movement related disorders, and the need to be able to detect and mitigate these risks is becoming more necessary. Classical metrics of fall risk can capture static stability, but recent advancements have yielded new metrics to analyze balance and stability during movement, such as the Maximum Lyapunov Exponent (MLE). Much work has been devoted to characterizing gait, but little has explored novel way to reduce fall risk with interventional therapy. Targeting certain cranial nerves using electrical stimulation has shown potential for treatment of movement disorders such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) in certain animal models. For human models, based on ease of access, connection to afferents leading to the lower lumber region and key brain regions, as well as general parasympathetic response, targeting the cervical nerves may have a more significant effect on balance and posture. This project explored the effects of transcutaneous Cervical Nerve Stimulation (CNS) on posture stability and gait with the practical application of ultimately applying this treatment to fall risk populations. Data was collected on each of the 31 healthy adults (22.3 ± 6.3 yrs) both pre and post stimulation for metrics representative of fall risk such as postural stability both eyes open and closed, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) time, gait velocity, and MLE. Significant differences manifested in the postural stability sub-metric of sway area with subject eyes open in the active stimulation group. The additional 8 metrics and sub-metrics did not show statistically significant differences among the active or sham groups. It is reasonable to conclude that transcutaneous CNS does not significantly affect fall risk metrics in healthy adults. This can potentially be attributed to either the stimulation method chosen, internal brain control mechanisms of posture and balance, analysis methods, and the Yerkes-Dodson law of optimal arousal. However, no adverse events were reported in the active group and thus is a safe therapy option for future experimentation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Biomedical Engineering 2019

A collection of poetry that follows the death of a close friend and explores how grief devours the soul, and the ways in which we find strength to endure.

Falls are a major public health concern and contribute significantly to mortality and morbidity in the older adult population. Each year, approximately 3 million older adults are treated in emergency departments for fall-related injuries and at least 300,000 older people are hospitalized for hip fractures. The purpose of this project was to improve the participants' knowledge and highlight interventions to reduce the incidence of falls and injuries as a result of falls. The project was developed using the Stop Accidents, Deaths and Injuries (STEADI) toolkit, the Iowa model of evidence-based practice to promote quality of care, and the Lewin's change theory. The practice-focused question related to whether fall prevention would improve following the implementation of a staff education project using the STEADI toolkit. Twenty-six nurses were assessed to determine their knowledge deficits. Pretest and posttest data were analyzed, and as a result of the staff education initiative, the nurses' knowledge increased by 99.25%. Prior to the session, the facility had not participated in a fall-prevention initiative. This project offered a practical solution to the educational gaps identified at the practice setting. Adopting the STEADI toolkit at the practice setting is expected to improve patient safety, reduce falls with injuries and prevent fall-related deaths.

The working environment in construction production is an area that is exposed to a large amount of risks, incidents and accidents. Incidents and risk observations that are the step before accidents happens daily at the construction working environment, which entails an increased risk of someone being injured or even die while doing their works. No one need to hurt themselves or die while doing their jobs, a working environment should be a safe place for everyone. Therefore, the work environment agency, the construction industry and the construction companies in Sweden all are constantly working on improving the working environment in construction production. Although the construction industries has achieved a more well-developed and safer working environment than it was before in time, risks and accidents still happening. This project is carried out with support from the construction company Peab with the aim of strengthening the knowledge of why incidents, risk observations and accidents occur in construction production and within which category the greatest problem occurs. This project has been limited to incidents and accidents within the category of fall from higher altitude. The area in this category is one of the most dangerous working environment areas where the victims are exposed to the worst consequences. The method for this study was carried out through case studies on two different workplaces, questionnaires, interviews and literature study. After the report has been compiled with using all the method and the collected data, it turns out that even today there are problems regarding risk observations, incidents and accidents at the workplaces in construction production. The fact that there are risks in the working environments in construction production depends on many parameters. like lack in communication, plans/controls, deficiencies in attitude / human factor, lack of time/stress, deficiencies in performance and weather conditions are causes that lead to most risks, incidents and accidents. The conclusion shows that the most common incidents and risks that have occurred are related to the category fall which is refer to one area of some type of higher level that is very exposed area. The winter climate in Sweden has a direct connection to the fact that the incidents and the risks through falls and slips increase significantly during the winter months. Problems within the planning phase, the execution phase and the follow-up phase occurs and the basis for the problems depends in most cases on attitude or the human factor. The most important improvement measures in terms of attitude are that every individual must think for himself and consider being more cautious and take the security measures more seriously at the risky areas. Staying for a short while in the work process and thinking before carrying out the work can make a big difference, it will make the person who carrying out the work more caution which in turn will help with reducing accidents and incidents at workplaces in production. The recommendations presented show that there are a lot of improvement measures to take to make workplaces in production safer.