Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [224]-254). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [224]-254). Also available on the Internet.

<p>Bakgrund: Fall är vanligt och kan leda till höftfrakturer och ett tidigare behov av särskiltboende. Ett hälsofrämjande och sjukdomsförebyggande perspektiv ska vara en självklar deli all vård och behandling. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor kanförebygga och minska risken för fallskador hos äldre på särskilt boende. Metod: Arbetetvar en litteraturstudie på tidigare forskningsmaterial. Resultat: Den viktigaste åtgärden äratt få fram vilka äldre som tillhör riskgruppen. Detta innebär att det är viktigt attuppmärksamma äldre med kognitiva försämringar, tidigare fall, urininkontinens,nedstämdhet, lågt BMI och äldre med behov av hjälp i sin ADL. Andra åtgärder är blandannat att ha regelbundna läkemedelsgenomgångar, att skapa förutsättningar för äldrepersoner att bära höftskydd, att informera och handleda omvårdnadspersonalen, attinformera de äldre och deras anhöriga om risker och åtgärder. Slutsats: Ytterligareforskning behövs vad det gäller sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsåtgärder för att förebygga ochminska fallskador på särskilt boende för att nå ett tillförlitligt resultat inom dettaämnesområde. Förbättrade bedömningar och åtgärder, mer stöd och förståelse från cheferskulle kunna ge tydligare rutiner, minskade kostnader för samhället och inte minst minskadet lidande som det kan innebära för äldre med fallskador.</p> / <p>Background: Falls are common and can lead to hip fractures and earlier need ofinstitutionalization. A health promoting and preventive perspective is an important concernin public health. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine how the nurse can prevent andreduce the risk of fall injures at older people living in residential care. Method: This workwas a literature study on earlier research materials. Results: The most important measureis to identify older people with risk factors for falls. This means that it is important toattentive older people with cognitive impairment, history of falls, urinary incontinence,depressed mood, low BMI and older persons with needs of help in daily physical activities.Other measures are for example to have regular medicine reviews, to create conditions forthe older to carry hip protections, to inform and teach the care employers, to inform theolder and his relative about risks and measures. Conclusion: Further research is neededregarding nurses care measures to prevent and decrease fall injuries in residential care inorder to reach a good result within the subject. Improved assessment and measures, moresupport and understanding of the managers would give more clear routines, the costs forsociety would decrease and most important it would decrease the suffering that fall injuriescauses elderly residents.</p>

Falls are the most serious problems facing the ageing community. The goal of the current project was to carry out a simplified analysis using kinematic parameters like joint angles and spatial temporal parameters in order to analyse the age related changes in functional gait as well as to identify the biomechanics indicators of locomotion alterations that can help determined fall risk levels in the ageing community. / Οι πτώσεις είναι ένα από τα σοβαρότερα προβλήματα που αντιμετωπίζει σήμερα ο ηλικιωμένος πληθυσμός. Στόχος της εργασίας είναι να γίνει μια ανάλυση των κινητικών παραμέτρων όπως των γωνιών των αρθρώσεων και των χωροχρονικών παραμέτρων ώστε να αναλυθούν οι αλλαγές λόγω ηλικίας στη κίνηση καθώς και να αναγνωριστούν οι εμβιομηχανικοί δείκτες των κινητικών προβλημάτων οι οποίοι βοηθούν στο να καθοριστούν τα επίπεδα του κινδύνου πτώσης στους ηλικιωμένους ανθρώπους.

This thesis deals with the perception of the Cold War in selected German feature films. Sonnenallee (Leander Haussmann, 1999), Die Unberührbare (Oscar Roehler, 2000), Good Bye Lenin! (Wolfgang Becker, 2003), Herr Lehmann (Leander Haussmann, 2003) and Das Leben der Anderen (Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck, 2006) have been selected for a comparative analysis that focusses on narratives of the Cold-War era after reunification, and for an examination of how the social impact of German unification has been addressed in these films. In terms of methodology, the thesis uses Pierre Sorlin's social history of cinema and Pierre Nora's concept of lieu de mémoire to describe the social imagination and nostalgic representation of memories. There is a research gap in previous studies concerning how the Cold War has become a topic in recent German feature film production, and this study aims to complement those earlier works.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:35:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_aca_me_botfca.pdf: 486573 bytes, checksum: 7da2829da43c73fb9381ae790a958b36 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Atualmente diversos estudos têm sido desenvolvidos sobre a utilização dos silicatos na adubação de plantas e embora ainda não conclusivos, seu emprego tem sido intensificado em algumas regiões agrícolas do país. No entanto, como o silício não é considerado um nutriente essencial de plantas, uma das principais justificativas para seu emprego na agricultura tem sido o incremento da resistência a pragas e doenças. Dessa forma, foram instalados dois experimentos seguindo o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso para verificar o efeito do silício sobre a lagarta-do-cartucho do milho em condições de campo. O primeiro experimento foi composto por 10 tratamentos e 4 repetições, com parcelas de 10 linhas de 10 m e visou verificar o efeito de uma formulação comercial contendo 25% de óxido de silício (12% de Si solúvel) e 15% de óxido de potássio, desenvolvida para aplicação através da pulverização foliar. Os tratamentos no primeiro experimento consistiram da aplicação da formulação silicatada nas concentrações 2, 4 e 8 mL/L, em pulverização aos 15, aos 15 e 30 e aos 15, 30 e 45 dias após a germinação das plantas. O segundo experimento contou com 7 tratamentos e 4 repetições, com parcelas de 7 linhas de 10 m e visou verificar o efeito de uma formulação comercial constituída por escória de siderurgia, aplicada no sulco de semeadura, nas doses de 400 e 800 kg/ha, na semeadura, só na cobertura, e na semeadura e cobertura. Nos dois experimentos avaliou-se a incidência da lagarta-do-cartucho do milho aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a germinação e os respectivos danos através de uma escala de notas. Também foram avaliados os parâmetros vegetativos indicadores do desenvolvimento como, altura da planta; número de folhas vivas; data do fechamento do cartucho e data do lançamento do pendão e o número de espigas produzido. Finalmente foi a avaliada... / At present several studies about the use of silicates on plant fertilization have been developed, and although there is nothing conclusive regarding it, their use has been intensified in some Brazilian agricultural regions. However, since silicon is not considered an essential plant nutrient, the main reason for its use in agriculture has been the increase in the plant resistance to pests and diseases. This way, two experiments were carried out to verify the effect of silicon on fall armyworm in field corn. The first experiment used a randomized block design with 10 treatments and 4 replicates and with plots of ten 10 m rows to verify the effect of a commercial formula containing 25% of silicon oxide (12% of soluble Si) and 15% of potassium oxide, developed for foliar application. The treatment on the first experiment consisted of the silicate formula at concentration of 2,4 and 8 mL/L, sprayed at 15 days, at 15 and 30 and at 15, 30 and 45 days after plant germination. The second experiment also used a randomized block design with 7 treatment and 4 replications, and with plots of seven 10m rows, to verify the effect of a commercial formula composed by silicate slag applied in the soil, with dosages of 400 and 800 kg/ha, in the sowing, only in coverage and both. The incidence of fall armyworm was evaluated at 15, 30 45 and 60 days after the germination and its respective damage through a grade scale in both experiments. Vegetation development indicator parameters were also evaluated as: plant height; number of living leaves; date of the flowering; number of corncobs. The production was finally evaluated by weighing the corncobs and grain/plant. The data obtained indicated that silicon did not interfere neither on the plant vegetable development nor in the occurrence of fall armyworm. It did not interfere neither on the damage caused by this pest, nor on the number of and grains produced.

The objectives of the study were to determine the incidence of falls, the prevalence of fear of falling and fall risk factors and consequences in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 559 community dwelling adults with RA, aged 18 to 88 years (mean age 62; 69% female) participated in this prospective cohort study. Patients were recruited from four outpatient clinics in the Northwest of England and followed for 1 year after clinical assessment, using monthly falls calendars and telephone calls. Outcome measures included fall occurrence, reason for fall, type and severity of injuries, fractures, fall location, lie-times, use of health services and functional ability. Risk factors for falls included lower limb muscle strength, postural stability, number of swollen and tender joints, functional status, history of falling, fear of falling, pain, fatigue and medication. Data on demographics, vision, co-morbidities, history of surgery, fractures, and joint replacements were also recorded.535 participants followed for one year had a total of 598 falls. 36.4% participants (95% CI 32% to 41%) reported falling with an incidence rate of 1313/1000 person-years at risk or 1.11 falls per person. Over one third of the falls were reportedly caused by hips, knees or ankle joints giving way. Over half of all the falls resulted in moderate injuries, including head injuries (n=27) and fractures (n=26). Univariate logistic regression showed that falls risk was independent of age and gender. A history of falls in the previous one year was a strong medical fall predictor with an odds ratio (OR) for a single fall=3.3 and for multiple falls OR=4.3. Fear of falling was an important self-reported psychological predictor, with the risk increasing by 10% with each point above 7 (up to 28) in the Short FES-I score. The inability to complete the Four Test Balance Scale due to poor balance was a strong postural fall predictor (OR 2.3). The most significant functional predictor of falls was the functional Health Assessment Questionnaire score, and each additional point attained in the score (1-4) nearly doubled the risk of further falls. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that when taken in combination with other factors, a history of multiple falls in the previous one year was the most significant predictive risk factor (OR=5.3) and overall the model accounted for 71% of variation. The most significant modifiable risk factors were swollen and tender lower limb joints (hip, knee and ankle) (OR=1.7), psychotropic medication (OR=1.8) and increasing fatigue (OR=1.13) with this model accounting for 68% of variation. Adults of all ages with RA are at high risk of falls and fall-related injuries, fractures and head injuries. In clinical practice, high risk falls patients with RA can be identified by asking whether patients have fallen in the past year. The management of swollen and tender lower limb joints, fatigue and consideration of psychotropic medicines may be the most effective strategy to reduce falls in this group of patients. Fear of falling, pain, lower limb strength and poor balance are other useful clinical indicators that may be modified to prevent falls.

Omfattande ansträngningar har gjorts för att minska risken för fallskador bland äldre men för de som bor på särskilt boende har det visats sig vara svårt att utforma effektiva åtgärder.  En skada uppstår när kroppens vävnad utsätt för energi som överstiger dess toleranströskel. Åtgärder för att minska energin vid en olycka har tillämpats inom många områden med mycket goda resultat. Antagandet om att energireduktion minskar risken för skada bygger på fysikens grundläggande lagar och benämns inom skadepreventionsområdet för energiprincipen. Idén om ett stötdämpande golv som energireducerande åtgärd för att motverka fallskador dök upp i vetenskaplig litteratur på tidigt 1990-tal, och sedan dess har speciella golv utvecklats och testats i laboratoriemiljö.  Syftet med denna licentiatuppsats är att utvärdera effekter av ett stötdämpande golv på särskilt boende för äldre personer. De aspekter som studerats är den potentiellt fallskadepreventiva effekten för de boende samt påverkan på vårdpersonalens arbetsförhållanden. Resultatet visar att golvet minskar risken för skador samt att personalen är positiva till att arbeta i lokaler med stötdämpande golv. / Fall injuries pose a global and national public health problem. Whilst all elderly are at risk of fall injuries, the risk of injury is 10 times as high amongst elderly living in nursing homes compared to elderly living at home. An injury occurs when body tissue is subjected to external kinetic energy exceeding the tissue's tolerance. Reducing this energy in order to prevent injuries has been successfully applied in many injury prevention fields though less so within fall injury prevention. However, the idea of ​​a shock-absorbing floor as an energy reducing measure to prevent fall injuries has been suggested in scientific literature since the early 1990s and since then, different floors have been developed and tested. The aim of this licentiate thesis is to investigate the potential fall injury reducing effects of a shock-absorbing flooring in a nursing home, as well as the staff's experience of working in premises with shock-absorbing flooring. The results show that for women the risk of injury following a fall on the shock-absorbing flooring was 59% less compared to falls on ordinary floors, after adjustment for age, BMI, vision impairments, and cognitive impairment. BMI was the only covariate to influence the results, with a lower BMI increasing the risk of injury. With regards to the staff’s experience of the shock-absorbing flooring, the nurses felt that the floor defused the falls and in that way reduced the risk of injury. They were also positively surprised by the change in acoustics. There were also some challenges associated with the floor, for example, adapting to walking on the floor and manoeuvring equipment (eg hoists). The results suggest, that for an elderly and frail population, shock-absorbing flooring seems to be an effective injury prevention measure. The intervention was generally perceived as positive by the staff, even though some negative aspects were observed. These aspects need to be studied further. / <p>Paper 2 i den trycka avhandlingen ingick som manuscript, med titeln Working in a nursing home with Impact Absorbing Flooring - a qualitative study on the experiences of licensed practical nurses. </p><p>Artikeln är nu publicera nu publicerad med titeln Effects of Impact-Absorbing Flooring in Residential Care from the Perspectives of Enrolled Nurses. </p>

The current body of work aims to apply Processing Efficiency Theory (PET) and Attentional Control Theory (ACT) to novel dynamic settings by examining how anxiety influences perceptual-cognitive and perceptual-motor skills. Sporting domains and fall-risk in older adults are studied. Applying ACT to a tennis anticipation paradigm examines whether state anxiety influences processing efficiency and the use of contextual information during anticipation. Processing efficiency was reduced under anxiety, while overall response accuracy was unchanged. Furthermore, skilled performers were seemingly less able to utilise contextual information when anxious. Studies in Chapters 4 and 5 sought to test the predictions of PET and ACT compared with those of Reinvestment Theory (RT) in the field of fall-risk in older adults. In Chapter 4, trait anxiety, alongside increasing dual-task demands, produced processing and motoric inefficiencies through reduced visual planning and mean gait velocity. Furthermore, greater and more variable gait velocity reductions were found in those with higher trait anxiety. By contrast, greater reinvestment levels were associated with poorer visuospatial recall, higher stepping accuracy, plus larger and less variable gait velocity reductions. Chapter 5 further investigates the motoric inefficiencies observed in anxious older adults’ gait. The influences of trait anxiety, movement specific reinvestment, and falls efficacy on body segmental control during adaptive turning are studied. Trait anxiety and falls efficacy were mainly shown to influence differing facets of turning behaviour, though both were associated with greater coupling of body segments (en-bloc rotations), whereas, limited support was offered for RT. Overall, PET and ACT were supported when applied to these new dynamic domains. However, discrepancies are discussed due to testing theoretical hypotheses in more representative environments.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 paulahocayendepaula.pdf: 483329 bytes, checksum: fb02e4ccca0d774566f707ecf9a8926d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-04-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A descrição do comportamento de queda de fêmeas ingurgitadas do carrapato Boophilus microplus foi feita em experimento realizado na Estação Experimental da Embrapa Gado de Leite, em Coronel Pacheco- MG com o objetivo de avaliar as vantagens da modificação do horário de ordenha dos animais, em relação à higienização do pasto, em se tratando do carrapato. O experimento constou de uma fase de verão, com fotoperíodo maior e outra de inverno com fotoperíodo menor. Foram realizadas doze repetições semanais, de vinte e quatro horas de duração, em cada fase, onde oito vacas secas 7\8 holandês x zebu naturalmente infestadas por carrapato B. microplus e mantidas em regime de pasto, eram levadas à área experimental no dia em que se daria a observação, onde ficavam confinadas em baias individuais. A cada hora, durante o período de vinte e quatro horas, as fêmeas ingurgitadas dos carrapatos, desprendidas naturalmente, eram coletadas em cada baia. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas no ritmo de queda de fêmeas ingurgitadas entre as fases de verão e inverno. No verão, as fêmeas ingurgitadas apresentaram maior porcentagem de queda entre 7 e 10 horas (35,3%) com pique de queda às 9 horas e no inverno entre 6 e 9 horas (19,69%) com pique de queda às 6 horas e entre 14 e 17 horas (21,79%) com pique de queda às 15 horas. A porcentagem de queda de fêmeas ingurgitadas no período em que os animais estariam estabulados para ordenha é de 35,15% para o sistema atual de ordenha (de 5-8h e 13-16h) e de 45,48% para o sistema de ordenha em estudo para o Brasil-Central (de 8-11h e 16-19h), durante os meses de verão. Nos meses de inverno o porcentual de queda é de 40,51% e de 32,71% para os dois horários de ordenha respectivamente. Considerando o tempo que os animais permanecem estabulados para a suplementação no cocho durante o período entre as ordenhas na época seca do ano na região (maio a setembro), a porcentagem de queda de fêmeas ingurgitadas é de 55,83% para o sistema de ordenha atual (de 5 a 16h) e de 52,36% para o sistema de ordenha em estudo (de 8 a 19h). A correlação entre a queda de fêmeas ingurgitadas e o fotoperíodo foi significativa apenas para o tratamento de verão. Em relação à temperatura média e umidade relativa do ar, não houve correlação significativa tanto para o verão como para o inverno. / A description of the drop-off behaviour of engorged females of the tick Boophilus microplus was carried out as a result of an experiment at the Experimental Station, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Coronel Pacheco, MG, Brazil. Its objective was to evaluate any repercussions of changing the time of milking of cattle in terms of reduced recontamination of the pastures with the tick. Such possible changes in this daily cattle management routine have recently become a reality since the advent of refrigerated on-farm storage of the milk and non-daily collection by tanker truck. The field experiment consisted of a phase in summer, with a longer photoperiod, and in winter, with a shorter photoperiod. Twelve weekly experimental repetitions, of 24 hours duration, were carried out in each of these seasons. For each repetition, eight non-lactating, 7/8 Holstein-Friesian x Zebu cows, naturally infested with B. microplus and maintained on pastures, were removed to an experimental area on the day on which the observations were to be made and maintained in individual stalls. At each hour, over 24 hours, all fully engorged ticks that had dropped off naturally from the cattle were collected from the stalls. The results showed a significant difference in the rhythm of their drop-off in the summer compared to winter. In the summer the greater proportion of ticks dropped off between 07:00 and 10:00 (35.3%) with a maximum at 09:00. In winter, there were two daily periods of greater drop-off of ticks, the first between 06:00 and 09:00 (19.69%) with a maximum at 06:00, and the second between 14:00 and 17:00 (21.79%) with a maximum at 15:00. The percentage of ticks dropping off during the traditional milking time (05:00-08:00 and 13:00-16:00) would have been 35.15%, while those falling during an alternative sytem under consideration for Central Brazil (08:00-11:00 and 16:00-19:00) would be 45.48%, during the summer. During the winter, the proportion of ticks falling from the cattle is 40.51% and 32.71% for the two times of milking, respectively. Considering the time that the animals remain in stalls for feed supplement during the period between milkings during the dry season (May to September), the proportion of ticks falling would be 55.83% for the traditional system (05:00-16:00) and 52.36% for the milking period under consideration (08:00-19:00). The correlation between drop-off of ticks and photoperiod was significant only for the summer, but not so for mean air temperature nor relative humiditty for either of the seasons compared.