There are very few works not associated with the Western canon to have received as much attention as Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart (Ogbaa 1). However, contrary to the many post-colonial interpretations of this novel, this essay employs a psychoanalytical literary approach to discuss the cause of the protagonist’s eventual demise, based on the premise that human behaviour is driven by an unconscious process. Consequently, this essay argues that following the ego’s inability to repress the infantile demands of the unconscious, the preconscious and the conscious self, ever more compulsive, repetitive and neurotic behaviours are displayed. Furthermore, this essay argues that Okonkwo’s relationship to his mother plays a significant role in explaining the tense relationship with his own father and sons. Subsequently, the protagonist’s self-confidence turns to pride and his masculinity develops into totalitarian rule leading to uncontrollable rage, Okonkwo’s world literally falls apart.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur fallfrekvensen var fördelad mellan män och kvinnor, hur antalet fall var fördelade i åldersgrupperna över respektive under 80 år, när de flesta fallolyckor i det egna hemmet inträffade och om fallen medförde några konsekvenser.Studien var en retrospektiv registerstudie och inkluderade fall hos personer i eget boende med trygghetslarm och/eller hjälp av nattpatrull. Fallolyckorna registrerades på ett instrument som var speciellt utvecklat för projektet. Data från en sex månaders studie med totalt 510 fall av 213 individer analyserades. Resultatet visade att det var främst äldre personer över 80 år som föll och som hamnade på sjukhus. Fallen inträffade oftast förmiddagar och eftermiddagar. Få fall inträffade mellan klockan 00-09. Kvinnorna föll framförallt under december månad. Antal fall som ledde till sjukhusvård var 4.5 % och av dessa var nästan alla individer över 80 år och flertalet var kvinnor. Av de fall som ledde till sjukhusvård inträffade 39 % vid första och enda fallet. Då många vårdtagare föll ett flertal gånger och antalet fall kunde vara mycket högt bör de fallförebyggande åtgärderna ses över. Downton fallriskindex skulle kunna vara ett komplement till övriga fallpreventioner i hemmet. Studien ger användbar data med möjlighet att till exempel utforma hemtjänstens schema utifrån studieresultatet och på så sätt minska antalet fallolyckor i hemmen.

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類 : 博士(医学)(課程) 学位授与年月日:平成6年3月25日 寳珠山稔氏の博士論文として提出された

Thesis (B. Arch.)--Roger Williams University, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Feb. 17, 2010) Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Feminist scholars have long assumed that Tertullian, a second-century Church Father, was a misogynist. This assumption is based almost exclusively on the infamous “Devil’s gateway” passage in the opening chapter of De cultu feminarum. However, feminist scholars have read this passage in isolation without reference to its wider context in De cultu feminarum and without considering other passages from Tertullian’s treatises. Furthermore, they have failed to recognize the influence which ancient rhetoric had on Tertullian’s work. By reading the “Devil’s gateway” passage in a wider context, and by engaging in a detailed analysis of Tertullian’s use of rhetoric, it becomes evident that Tertullian’s comments in that passage are not based on misogynistic view of women. Rather, they serve a specific rhetorical purpose in one particular treatise. Furthermore, by looking beyond the “Devil’s gateway” passage to other passages in which Tertullian makes reference to women, it is clear that his comments in the “Devil’s gateway” passage are not representative of his view of women. An examination of themes such as Mary, the anthropology of woman and woman’s role in the social order reveals a more nuanced picture of Tertullian’s view of women, than the one offered by some feminist scholars. By bringing together two areas - Tertullian’s use of rhetoric and feminist critique of Tertullian and of the Fathers in general - I will challenge the assumption that Tertullian was a misogynist and show that in some areas Tertullian can make a positive contribution to the feminist question.

Purpose: To evaluate the course of recovery in fall-risk and functional status over the first year following a distal radius fracture (DRF), and evaluate differences in fall and fracture risk factors in women over the age of 50 years with a DRF compared to their non-fractured peers. Methods: Two cohorts of participants volunteered in two sub-studies of the thesis. The first was seventy-eight women recruited from a DRF Clinic within the first week after their fracture, and followed up in concert with standard clinic appointments at week three, nine, 12, 26, and 52 post-fracture. The second cohort consisted of women aged 50 years or older, with and without a recent distal radius fracture, being at least 6 months post-DRF, but no more than 2 years post-fracture. Seventy-seven women age 50-78 with (Fx, n = 32) and without (NFx = 45) a history of DRF were assessed on two occasions within 4 weeks apart using a battery of fall and fracture risk tools, including balance, mobility, gait speed, fracture risk assessment, as well as bone quality assessment using peripheral quantitative computer tomography (pQCT) and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Fall-risk status (strength, balance, mobility) gradually improved over the first year post-fracture, with balance confidence remaining high even immediately post-fracture. In the second study, women with a recent DRF, compared to women without, demonstrated higher fall and fracture risk. Women with a recent DRF had lower bone and muscle strength in both the upper and lower extremities compared to the non-fractured controls, with no differences in DXA derived aBMD at the femoral neck or spine. Significance of findings: The results of these studies will help clinicians understand the normal course of functional recovery post-fracture, and assist in determining appropriate fall risk assessment and interventions for post-menopausal women at risk of fragility fracture. Results demonstrate the importance of studying women at risk of DRF as an important first indicator of bone fragility and risk of future fracture. These findings also strengthen the notion that DXA alone may not be the best predictor for fracture risk.

When a rigid shaft such as a jacked pile or the sleeve of a cone penetrometer penetrates soil, the soil mass at the shaft tip fails. This failed soil mass flows around the shaft surface and creates a disturbed soil zone. The soil in this zone, which is at a failure or critical state (CS), flows and behaves like a viscous fluid. During continuous penetration, the shaft surface is subjected to an additional viscous shear stress above the static shear stress (interfacial solid friction). The total resistance on the shaft in motion is due to the static and viscous shear components. Current methods of calculating the penetration resistance in soils are based on static interfacial friction, which determine the force required to cause failure at the shaft-soil interface and not the viscous drag. The main aim of this research is to understand the viscous soil resistance on penetrating shafts in clays.This research consists of two components. First, a theoretical analysis based on creeping flow hydrodynamics is developed to study the viscous drag on the shaft. The results of this analysis reveal that the size of the CS zone, the shear viscosity of the soil and velocity of the shaft influence the viscous drag stress. Large increases in viscous drag occur when the size of the CS zone is less than four times the shaft radius.Second, a new experimental procedure to estimate the shear viscosity of clays with water contents less than the liquid limit is developed. Shear viscosity is the desired soil parameter to estimate viscous drag. However, there is no standard method to determine shear viscosity of clays with low water contents (or Liquidity Index, LI). Soils can reach CS for water contents in the plastic range (LI<1) and exhibit viscous behavior. The fall cone test is widely used to interpret the index (liquid and plastic limit) and strength properties of clays. In this study the existing analysis of the fall cone test is reexamined to discern the viscous drag as the cone penetrates the soil. This reexamination shows that the shear viscosity of clays with low water contents (LI<1.5) can be estimated from time-penetration data of the fall cone. Fall cone test results on kaolin show that the shear viscosity decreases exponentially with an increase in LI.The results of this research can be used to understand practical problems such as jacked piles in clays, cone penetrometer sleeve resistance and advancement of casings in soil for drilling or tunneling operations.

A two-year field study and two incubation studies were conducted to evaluate incorporating urea with a urease and nitrification inhibitor to reduce N2O and N losses from fall banded fertilizer. In each year of the field experiment, five fertilizer treatments (fall banded NBPT-DCD urea, conventional urea, calcium nitrate, spring banded conventional urea and control) were applied at three sites. The effect of incorporating urease and nitrification inhibitors with urea was not consistent in our studies. The application of fall banded NBPT and DCD did not result in greater agronomic performance. Moreover, the addition of inhibitors to urea did not reduce nitrous oxide emissions in the field. The addition of inhibitors resulted in significantly less cumulative nitrous oxide emissions compared to conventional urea in only one of two laboratory experiments. In conditions where fertilizer was not generally susceptible to large losses, the effects of urease and nitrification inhibitors may not be evident.

In this thesis, I explore the uses to which children’s authors C.S. Lewis and Philip Pullman put the major biblical theme of the Fall (with passing commentary on Temptation, the precursor to the Fall) in their seminal children’s series The Chronicles of Narnia and the His Dark Materials trilogy. I argue that each author uses the subject of the Fall as a central theme in his series in order to inflect the dominant message of this biblical story (that humanity has fallen from perfection into sin) with their personal opinions on fundamental human questions concerning the nature of God, the difference between good and evil, and the metaphysical ‘rules’ that structure the universe and mankind’s place in it.1 In exploring these issues, I point out the ways in which Pullman and Lewis, in their drastically differing opinions as to the legitimacy of the worldview implicit in the original Bible story, are nevertheless both heavily dependant on the overwhelming influence that the Fall narrative has had on Western culture.