The senior care means nowadays mostly the family care. This diploma thesis deals with the experience of family members with the care of a non-self-sufficient senior. The main aim is to take a look at this issue from the point of view of the caregivers and to examine how family caregivers perceive their situation. With the aging of the population, the question arises: how to properly set up a care system for the needs of an aging population members. For the right setting of intervention strategies, it is necessary to listen to those on whom lies the responsibility for the caretakers. The first part of the thesis consists of a theoretical establishment of family care and support, which is provided to the caregivers. Then, it covers various topics related to the changed role of the caregiver (eg. motivation for care, needs and difficulties of caregivers). The theoretical part of the diploma thesis concludes the chapter dealing with gender issues of caregivers. A qualitative research strategy was selected for the research and data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 20 caregivers - 10 males and 10 females. The empirical part maps the care of a non-self-sufficient family member from the point of view both women and men. Afterwards, it describes the circumstances in which a...

This work "Is assisted reproduction a therapy for infertility?" deals with methods of assisted reproduction. The aim is not only to elucidate its techniques but also to open some difficult ethical questions. This work shows why we cannot regard assisted reproduction as a legitimite treatment for infertility and suggests alternative procedures. The first chapter is about the individual human life seen from the perspective of various sciences. The second chapter is about causes of infertility and about possibilities of its treatment. The third chapter deals with various methods of artificial reproduction. The following chapter is about ethical challenges related to these methods. The fifth chapter presents the standpoint of the magisterium of the Catholic Church. The final chapter tries to see fertility and parenthood from a larger perspective: the principal alternatives are substitute family care and spiritual parenthood. Keywords methods of assisted reproduction, infertility, parenthood, substitute family care, spiritual fertility

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur socialsekreterare inom individ och familjeomsorgen (IFO) i två kommuner i Värmland arbetar för att bryta det sociala arvet. Vi använder oss utav en kvalitativ metod för att uppnå studiens syfte. Studien bygger på intervjuer med sju yrkesverksamma socionomer, där samtliga är verksamma inom IFO. Data analyseras med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och tolkats utifrån empowerment-teorin och Gustav Jonssons teori om det sociala arvet. Resultatet visade att IFO arbetar utifrån två olika synsätt för bryta ett socialt arv, det ena innefattar att tillföra nya influenser till barnet i dennes hemmiljö och det andra innebär att avlägsna den unge från sin bristande hemmiljö för att på så sätt tillföra nya perspektiv. Resultatet visar även att det förebyggande arbetet är en bristvara inom kommunerna, vilket försvårar arbetet att kunna fånga upp individer i ett tidigt skede. Slutsatsen var att socialsekreterarna använder sociala insatser som verktyg för att öka möjligheterna till att bryta både det enskilda barnet och familjens behov av sociala insatser, dock i samma stund som insatsen tillsätts arbetar socialsekreterare IFO aktivt för att stärka individer för att de ska kunna klara sig själva. Vi gör tolkningen att individernas sociala arv kan påverka deras motivation till insats. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how social workers within the individual and family care (IFO) work in two municipalities in Värmland to break the social heritages.  The study is based on interviews with seven professional social workers, all of them are working within IFO. Data has been analysed with a qualitative content analysis and Empowerment Theory and Gustav Jonsson's (1969) Theory of Social Heritage. The results showed that social workers utilise two different approaches to break negative intergenerational patterns. The first approach involves introducing new, positive influences to the child and it´s family in their home environment, whilst the second approach involves removing the child from undesirable environmental aspects in order to add new, positive influences. The result also showed that the lack of preventive interventions makes it difficult to assist individuals at an early stage. We conclude that social workers utilise social intervention as a method to increase the success rates of breaking the negative social heritage to children and their families. Evidently, at the same time as social intervention is utilised, the IFO social workers aim to actively strengthen individuals so that they can function on their own.  We do the interpretation that an individuals' social heritage may have an impact on their motivation for effort.

I Sverige är det socialtjänsten som bifaller bistånd för äldre som är i behov av omsorg. När antalet äldre ökar, ökar också kostnaderna, detta medför att anhöriga uppmuntras, tvingas vårda i hemmet, ca 71 procent anhörig vårdar i Sverige. Men med en ökad anhörig omsorg behöver anhörigvårdare uppskattning från samhället för sina arbetsinsatser. I denna studie har kvalitativ metod med djupgående intervjufrågor använts, genom att intervjua tre kvinnor från olika kommuner, två anhörigvårdare varav den ena jobbat som äldreomsorgspersonal, 67 år, den andra som röntgensköterska, 66 år, en demenssjuksköterska, 54 år. Gemensamma mönster som framträder i det flerdimensionella erkännandet, mikro, meso och makro är att känna uppskattning. En kvalitativ ansats med erkännandeteori som grund för att förstå anhörigas upplevelser av erkännande från samhället för de arbetsinsatser de utför. Erkännande teorin kommer användas flerdimensionellt, det innefattar privat- offentligt- och socialt erkännande, de olika delarna relaterar till individens upplevelse av uppskattning.

Yes / As the ageing population in China continues to grow, more people will be living with long-term health conditions and require support from family care-givers. This scoping review therefore aims to explore sources of stress and coping mechanisms adopted by care-givers of older relatives living with long-term conditions in mainland China. Literature searches were conducted in English (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS) and Chinese (CNKI, WANFANG DATA, CQVIP and CBM) databases between October and November 2019. The searches focused on the stressors and coping mechanisms utilised by family care-givers residing in the community. Narrative synthesis was used to identify themes within the data. Forty-six papers were included: 20 papers from English and 26 from Chinese databases. Six themes captured stressors: care-giving time (N = 22), financial resources (N = 17), role and personal strains (N = 42), preparedness (N = 4), social roles (N = 10) and lack of adequate formal support (N = 22); and one theme captured coping (N = 14). Unmet needs of care-givers of older relatives in mainland China were found to be extensive. Only a few studies had attempted to explore the causal link between stressors, coping and the influence of culture. Findings underscore the significance of adequately capturing intricacies around care-givers’ unmet needs, rather than generalising on the basis of culture. Qualitative studies are critical to providing a better understanding of the relationship between stressors, coping and resources afforded to care-givers by their cultural environment. Having such understanding is crucial to inform the development of competent care, which promotes self-efficacy and self-actualisation in care-givers in mainland China. / This work was supported by Research England: Quality Related Global Challenge Research Fund (QR-GCRF).

This thesis examines the extent of family care for older people, primarily filial care, and the costs of caring in the Swedish welfare state. Costs of caring are understood as the negative effects of caregiving, primarily on the caregivers’ working life. The analysis is inspired by feminist theories on the importance of welfare state provisions for care for women’s citizenship, including personal autonomy and economic independence. The main aims of this thesis are twofold. The first is to explore the extent and development of family care for older persons in Sweden, primarily filial care, and the consequences of caregiving for well-being and working life. The second is to explore how older persons’ family members have been represented and the possible consequences of these representations for the development of publicly financed eldercare services and other forms of support for family carers, as well as for family members’ living conditions. The thesis consists of four studies. The first reviews the literature concerning the extent and consequences of family caregiving for older persons and the welfare state’s policy responses to older people’s care needs. The second study analyses how older persons’ family members and their role in eldercare have been represented in Swedish eldercare policy since the 1950s. The third study analyses surveys to explore changes during the 2000s in the role of the family, the public sector and the market in providing care for older persons in Sweden. The fourth study is a survey analysis of the extent, content and consequences of filial care among middle-aged women and men in Sweden in 2013. The policy analysis found that the expansion of eldercare was motivated solely in relation to older persons’ needs; thus working daughters’ needs of eldercare have been a blind spot in Swedish eldercare policy. Since 2000, every fourth residential care bed has disappeared and the increase in homecare services did not fully compensate for the decline, resulting in a significant increase in filial care in all social groups, and among both sons and daughters. Daughters of older persons with shorter education, however, remained the primary providers of filial care. Both daughters and sons are affected by caregiving. They suffer to the same extent from difficulties in managing to accomplish their work tasks and taking part in meetings, courses and travels. They are also equally likely to reduce their working hours and to quit their job. It is however clearly more common that daughters experience mental and physical strain, difficulties in finding time for leisure and reduced ability to focus on their job. Although more daughters than sons retire earlier than planned due to filial care, this is very rare. Managerial care (handling contacts with health and eldercare services) has a more salient role in a welfare state such as Sweden, with generously provided care services, less intense filial care and high employment rates among both sexes. The high labour force participation however makes middle aged children more vulnerable when their parents’ care arrangement does not work. The decline in eldercare services since 1980 has reinforced co-ordination problems in health and eldercare services. The managerial care required to handle this development, while living up to the demands of work and family life, stands out as especially demanding for the well-being and working lives of daughters. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Accepted.</p>

Family members of service personnel with polytraumatic injuries face a wide range of challenges. Research has shown that family member adaptation and adjustment to the caregiver role has a significant impact on the well-being of the person with the injuries. The Veterans Health Administration is rapidly developing services to meet the needs of severely injured service personnel and their family members. The purpose of the present study was to test the feasibility of a method of assessment to identify the needs of individual family members of service personnel and veterans receiving inpatient rehabilitation services at the Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center (PRC) located within the Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Richmond, Virginia. Family member needs and emotional distress levels were quantitatively assessed. Qualitative data was collected with the intent of gaining a better understanding of the needs of families of individuals with severe injury from within a military cultural context. Results of this study suggest emotional distress levels of family members of persons receiving treatment on the PRC are not clinically significant. Study participants report overwhelming satisfaction with the program of care offered to patients and family members on the PRC. Furthermore, results of this study suggest that family members benefited from participating in the study. A strength-based family care pathway that utilizes an individual assessment of family needs is proposed and recommended for use with family members of individuals enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration polytrauma network services.

This thesis deals with children from orphanages. The content of the theoretical part consists of the legislative framework of the issue, explaining basic concepts, description of historical development of institutional care and the scope of institutions of social and legal protection of children. The main objective is to monitor the situation of children's home of clients in the institutional education. Approach the situation before the regulation of institutional care during their stay in institutional care, not only in the orphanage itself, but also diagnostic facilities, and also after leaving the facility and must be included in everyday life. The practical part deals with how children stay in foster homes also affects their lives. Key terms Children's home, Institutional Education, alternative family care, socio-legal protection of children, family, Diagnostic Institute.

Specifics of alternative family care institutions The Keywords: Substitute Family Care Adoption Foster care Constitutional Education Children's Home Chances for the Future Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to describe the specifics of individual foster care institutions. The thesis consists of two parts. The theoretical part illustrates the history adoption and foster care. Moreover various forms of alternative family care will be described adoption, foster care, guardianship, institutional care or facilities for children requiring immediate assistance. The practical part deals with the children's homes. It describes Children's Home in Horšovský Týn. It also addresses the potential consequences of constitutional education and the effect of project Chances for Future on careers of children from children's homes. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The diploma thesis is focused on host care in the Czech Republic. The first chapter deals with attachment and its explanation. The second chapter describes alternative care in the Czech Republic. The list of alternative care forms and types of institutional care are included in this part. The third chapter is focused on host care and its legislative framework, forms, advantages, risks and the process of host care mediation. In the fourth chapter there are introduced specific examples of host care. The fifth chapter describes the survey methodology focused on host care. The sixth chapter contains thequestionnaire survey assessment. To define the issue, the author uses specialized literature aimed at substitutional family care and host care, Czech laws (i.e. Social-legal protection of the children law, Civil code, the law of institutional care accomplishment). She also derives from websites occupied by host care, such as civic association Děti patří domů, The Centre for Adoption and Foster Care. The aim is to verify theoretical facts followed from specialized sources and the description of host care in the Czech Republic.