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Thesis: M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 1975 / Includes bibliographical references. / M.S. / M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 1977 / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Margaret H. Weiler. / Ph. D. / Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics

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En el Perú existen empresas nacionales dedicadas a la industria textil, que aún no han decidido ampliar sus fronteras. Hoy en día tenemos un mercado saturado de marcas de prendas de vestir tanto nacionales como extranjeras. Esta investigación es transeccional, exploratoria y descriptiva. El propósito de esta investigación es conocer las modalidades de ingreso utilizadas por marcas fast fashion en su proceso de internacionalización, a fin de que las empresas nacionales puedan evaluar las estrategias utilizadas por las empresas fast fashion del estudio, y así utilizarlas en un futuro proceso de internacionalización. Además, se identificarán los factores de compra de prendas de vestir que influyen en mujeres que viven en Lima, que tienen entre 18-28 años y pertenecen a NSE B/C, cuando tienen que optar por una marca nacional vs una marca internacional. A partir de la investigación, se puede evidenciar que el modelo más utilizado por las fast fashion en su proceso de investigación es el de internacionalización incremental, el cual se acomoda más a la teoría de Uppsala, bajo las modalidades de franquicias y filiales propias. También, se puede afirmar que los factores de compras más influyentes en las mujeres limeñas en su proceso de compra de prendas de vestir son el factor moda, el factor diseño y el factor ambiente. / In Peru there are national companies dedicated to the textile industry, which have not decided to expand their borders yet. Nowadays we have a saturated clothing market with national and foreign brands. This research is transectional, exploratory and descriptive. The purpose of this investigation is made to know the modalities of entry used by fast fashion brands in their internationalization process, so national companies can evaluate the strategies used by the fast fashion companies of the research and use them in a future process of internationalization. In addition, identify the purchase factors that influence women living in Lima, who are between 18 and 28 years old and belong to NSE B/C, when they have to decide between a national brand against an international brand. From the research, the most used model by fast fashion companies in the research process is the incremental internationalization, which fits more to the Uppsala's theory, under the modalities of franchises and own subsidiaries. Besides, the most influential purchasing factors in women who lives in Lima in their process of buying clothing are the fashion factor, the design factor and the environment factor. / Tesis

Obesity is an increasingly prevalent problem and many chronic diseases are associated with excess body fat. Understanding factors which contribute to excess body fat is a primary step in curtailing the obesity epidemic. An individual’s environment can play a role in food choice as food selection may be limited to those foods available in the environment. Rural environments may have less availability of healthy foods due to unique characteristics of these areas. Fast food establishments usually offer convenient meals but healthy choices at these restaurants may be limited. The number of healthy options may vary among types of fast food outlets. The study area for this project included six rural counties. Fast food outlets within the counties were identified from the Brazos Valley Food Environment Study. Store types included fast food, grocery, and convenience stores. Store menus were analyzed with a survey instrument for healthy options which would allow consumers to meet dietary guideline recommendations. A total of 222 fast food outlets were identified within the study area; 98 were primarily fast food stores, 112 were convenience stores with fast food, and 12 were grocery stores with fast food. Healthy options for breakfast meals were available in 22.4% of fast food stores, 8.9% of convenience stores, and 50% of grocery stores. Healthy options for lunch entrees were available at 67.3% of fast food stores, 35.7% of convenience stores, and 75% of grocery stores. For lunch/dinner options, national chain fast food stores were more likely than other fast food stores to offer healthy options (78.9% v. 42.4%, p<0.001). National chain fast food stores were also more likely than other fast food stores to offer healthy breakfast options (26% v. 13.9%, p=0.032). Analyzing healthy options from fast food stores only may exclude the outlets that are the predominant sources of fast food in these areas. Although the national chains offer some healthy options, the majority of fast food outlets in rural areas may be regional and local chains that offer few healthy options. These findings may indicate a limitation in the ability of rural populations to consume healthy foods.

Emerging technologies in parallel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with massive receiver arrays have paved the way for ultra-fast imaging at increasingly high frame rates. With the increase in the number of receiver channels used to implement parallel imaging techniques, there is a corresponding increase in the amount of data that needs to be processed, slowing down the process of image reconstruction. To develop a complete reconstruction system which is easy to assemble in a single computer for a real-time rendition of images is a relevant challenge demanding dedicated resources for high speed digital data transfer and computation. We have enhanced a 64 channel parallel receiver system designed for single echo acquisition (SEA) MRI into a real-time imaging system by interfacing it with two commercially available digital signal processor (DSP) boards which are capable of transferring large amounts of digital data via a dedicated bus from two high performance digitizer boards. The resulting system has been used to demodulate raw image data in real-time data and store them at rates of 200 frames per second (fps) and subsequently display the processed data at rates of 26 fps. A further interest in realtime reconstruction techniques is to reduce the data handling issues. Novel ways to minimize the digitized data are presented using reduced sampling rate techniques. The proposed techniques reduce the amount of data generated by a factor of 5 without compromising the SNR and with no additional hardware. Finally, the usability of this tool is demonstrated by investigating fast imaging applications. Of particular interest among them are MR elastography applications. An exploratory study of SEA MRE was done to study the temperature dependency of shear stiffness in an agarose gel and the results correlate well with existing literature. With the ability to make MRE images in a single echo, the SEA MRE technique has an advantage over the conventional MRE techniques.

More than a decade ago American fast food entered the Chinese market. Since then the number of fast food and organized chain restaurants in China has multiplied. Chinese consumers, especially those who live in large urban areas, have accepted Western-style fast food restaurants that serve French fries and other popular dishes as a way of life. Inspired by the success of the symbolism of McDonald's and KFC, many Chinese restaurants have tried to use traditional Chinese culture to lure customers into what is advertised as indigenous, modern fast food outlets. Recently some Chinese fast food entrepreneurs have successfully developed local versions of the Western fast food system. Based on my three months’ ethnographic research in Huai’an, I address the competitive situation between American fast food restaurants and local Chinese restaurants by examining service, price, management, food, and customer expectations. Specifically, this case analysis includes one of the largest American fast food chains and one of the largest Chinese fast food restaurant chains. The data are based on participant observation, informal and formal interviews, a sample survey, and historical documents. The study finds that in Huai’an, one local Chinese fast food restaurant, after improving décor, hygiene and service, has experienced increasing success in the local market. I show that the globalization process has experienced two types of localization in Huai’an. First, Western chains have striven to adapt to the consumers in Huai’an, by insisting on a high degree of local ownership and by modestly tailoring their products to local taste. Second, the mere presence of these Western chains has encouraged Chinese entrepreneurs to develop decidedly local versions of modern fast food enterprises.