Submitted by JOSE EDUARDO SARTORI null (edu_sammy@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-08T23:03:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_JES.pdf: 11494584 bytes, checksum: 689b2ca420e30f0b0e97f388ecc4d2d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-03-09T17:23:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sartori_je_dr_rcla.pdf: 10806564 bytes, checksum: 16932cd737c53cf35719973ca5cab2ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T17:23:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sartori_je_dr_rcla.pdf: 10806564 bytes, checksum: 16932cd737c53cf35719973ca5cab2ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Zona de Falha de Cássia corresponde a uma zona de falha transcorrente sinistral oblíqua orientada segundo a direção geral NNW-SSE. A estrutura se desenvolveu em decorrência de movimentações tardias do Cinturão de Cisalhamento Campo do Meio durante o Ciclo Orogênico Brasiliano. A Zona de Falha de Cássia está registrada através de uma faixa de rochas deformadas de largura variável entre 0,5 a 3,0 km, composta por rochas miloníticas, caracterizadas por deformação dúctil-rúptil em condições metamórficas de fácies xisto verde, zona da clorita. A descontinuidade foi reativada como uma zona de falha normal, com bloco baixo a sudoeste (reativação geométrica) durante o Neocretáceo, correlacionada com o Soerguimento do Alto Paranaíba. A reativação tectônica foi marcada por intensa brechação, cataclase e a formação de dois conjuntos de falhas normais com arranjo em blocos escalonados progressivamente rebaixados para oeste. As feições microestruturais e reações de alteração constatadas, juntamente com a ocorrência de pseudotaquilito permitiram inferir que estas rochas de falha foram desenvolvidas em profundidades inferiores a 11 km, com temperaturas menores que 300°C, provavelmente associadas a sismos. Uma segunda etapa de reativação está registrada através da formação de depósitos sedimentares argilosos e arenosos quaternários, respectivamente nas regiões de Cássia-Pratápolis e Desemboque. Tratam-se de depósitos correlativos de falha relacionados à movimentação da Zona de Falha de Cássia como uma zona de falha normal, com bloco baixo a sudoeste, configurando uma reativação cinemática. Localmente os sedimentos exibem feições de deformação rúptil como falhas, fraturas e zonas brechadas, indicando atividade neotectônica na região. Este rico acervo de produtos geológicos transforma a Zona de Falha de Cássia em modelo para estudos de reativação tectônica em ambiente intraplaca e evolução de longo termo. / The Cássia Fault Zone corresponds to an oblique sinistral transcurrent fault zone oriented in the general direction NNW-SSE. The structure developed as a result of late movements of the Campo do Meio Shear Belt during the Brasilian Orogenic Cycle. The Cássia Fault Zone is recorded through a range of deformed rocks varying in width ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 km, composed of milonitic rocks, characterized by ductile deformation in metamorphic conditions of green schist facies (chlorite zone). The discontinuity was reactivated as a normal fault zone, with a lower block to the southwest (geometric reactivation) during the Neocretaceous, correlated with the Soerguimento do Alto Paranaíba. The tectonic reactivation was marked by intense breccia, cataclase and the formation of two sets of normal faults with arrangement in stepped blocks progressively lowered to the west. The microstructural features and alteration reactions observed together with the occurrence of pseudotaquilite allowed us to infer that these fault rocks were developed at depths lower than 11 km, with temperatures lower than 300 ° C, probably associated with earthquakes. A second stage of reactivation is recorded through the formation of quaternary sedimentary deposits in the regions of Cássia-Pratápolis and Desemboque. These are correlative fault deposits related to the movement of the Cássia Fault Zone as a normal fault zone, with a lower block to the southwest, forming a kinematic reactivation. Locally, the sediments exhibit features of deformation such as faults, fractures and breccias, indicating neotectonic activity in the region. This rich collection of geological products transforms the Cássia Fault Zone into a model for studies of tectonic reactivation in intraplate environment and long term evolution. / CNPq: 165801/2014-0

Condition monitoring of hydraulic systems is an area that has grown substantially in the last few decades. This thesis presents a scheme that automatically generates the fault symptoms by on-line processing of raw sensor data from a real test rig. The main purposes of implementing condition monitoring in hydraulic systems are to increase productivity, decrease maintenance costs and increase safety. Since such systems are widely used in industry and becoming more complex in function, reliability of the systems must be supported by an efficient monitoring and maintenance scheme. This work proposes an accurate state space model together with a novel model-based fault diagnosis methodology. The test rig has been fabricated in the Process Automation and Robotics Laboratory at UBC. First, a state space model of the system is derived. The parameters of the model are obtained through either experiments or direct measurements and manufacturer specifications. To validate the model, the simulated and measured states are compared. The results show that under normal operating conditions the simulation program and real system produce similar state trajectories. For the validated model, a condition monitoring scheme based on the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is developed. In simulations, both measurement and process noises are considered. The results show that the algorithm estimates the iii system states with acceptable residual errors. Therefore, the structure is verified to be employed as the fault diagnosis scheme. Five types of faults are investigated in this thesis: loss of load, dynamic friction load, the internal leakage between the two hydraulic cylinder chambers, and the external leakage at either side of the actuator. Also, for each leakage scenario, three levels of leakage are investigated in the tests. The developed UKF-based fault monitoring scheme is tested on the practical system while different fault scenarios are singly introduced to the system. A sinusoidal reference signal is used for the actuator displacement. To diagnose the occurred fault in real time, three criteria, namely residual moving average of the errors, chamber pressures, and actuator characteristics, are considered. Based on the presented experimental results and discussions, the proposed scheme can accurately diagnose the occurred faults. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mechanical Engineering, Department of / Graduate

This project examines the composition, structure, and geophysical properties of rocks sampled within the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) borehole drilling experiment near Parkfield, California. Cuttings, sidewall cores, spot-core, and whole-rock core are examined from the meso- to micro-scale to characterize the nearfault environment at shallow crustal levels (0-4 km) along the central segment of the San Andreas fault. The central segment deforms by contiuous aseismic creep and microseismicity. An integrated approach utilizing core-logging, detailed structural core mapping, petrology, microstructural analyses, whole-rock geochemistry, borehole geophysics, and analog field studies is followed. At SAFOD, fractured granitic rocks and arkosic sediments are identified west of the San Andreas fault zone on the Pacific Plate; whereas sheared fine-grained sediments, ultrafine black fault-related rocks, and serpentinite-bearing fault gouge are present within and northeast of the fault zone on the North American Plate. Here, the fault consists of a broad zone of variably damaged rock containing localized zones of highly concentrated shear that often juxtapose distinct rock-types. Two zones of serpentinite-bearing clay gouge, each meters-thick are found in two locations where active aseismic creep was identified in the borehole. The gouge is composed of Mg-rich clays, serpentinite (lizardite ± chrysotile) with notable increases in magnetite, and Fe-, Ni-, and Cr-oxides/hydroxides and Fe-sulfides relative to the surrounding host rock. Organic carbon is locally high within fractures and bounding slip surfaces. The rocks adjacent to and within the two gouge zones display a range of deformation including intensely fractured regions, blockin- matrix fabrics, and foliated cataclasite structure. The blocks and clasts predominately consist of competent sandstone and siltstone embedded in a clay-rich matrix that displays a penetrative scaly fabric. Mineral alteration, veins, fracture-surface coatings, and slickelined surfaces are present throughout the core, and reflect a long history of syndeformation and fluid-rock reaction that contributes to the low-strength and creep in the meters-thick gouge zones. Evaluation of borehole geophysical data and elastic modulii for the lithologic and structural units identified in the SAFOD Phase 3 core reveal a correlation between composition and textures and the structural and/or permeability architecture of the SAF at SAFOD. Highly reduced velocity and elastic modulii surround the two serpentinitev bearing gouge zones, the Buzzard Canyon fault to the southwest, and another bounding fault to the northeast. Velocity and elastic moduli values on the Pacific Plate or southeast of the active fault trace intersected by SAFOD are much higher relative to the values measured on the North American Plate, or northeast of the fault trace. Within and adjacent to the two active gouge zones, the rock properties are highly variable over short distances, however, they are significantly lower relative to material outside of the fault zones. This research contributes critical evidence for rock properties and slip behavior within an active plate boundary fault. Results from this research and the SAFOD experiment help to constrain numerous hypotheses related to fault zone behavior and earthquake generation within central California.

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In our daily life, we are increasingly putting our trust in embedded software applications, which run on a range of processor-based embedded systems from smartcards to pay-TV units. This trend expands the threat model of embedded applications from software into hardware. Over the last 20 years, fault attacks have emerged as an important class of hardware attacks against embedded software security. In fault attacks, an adversary breaks the security by injecting well chosen, targeted faults during the execution of embedded software, and systematically analyzing softwares fault response. In this work, we propose cycle-accurate and fully digital techniques that can efficiently detect different types of fault attacks. The detection methods are low-cost regarding the area and power consumption and can be easily implemented using the standard cell based VLSI design flow. In addition to the architecture of the detectors, we present a detailed analysis of the design considerations that affect the cost and accuracy of the detectors. The functionality of the detectors is validated by implementing on ASIC and FPGA platforms (Spartan-6, Cyclone IV). Additionally, the proposed detection methods have demonstrated to successfully detect all of the injected faults without any false alarm. / Master of Science

This research presents an analysis of the improvement in the performance of a class of fault tolerant multistage interconnection networks. In the network discussed here, fault tolerance is achieved by providing multiple redundant paths between the source and destination. The extra paths are obtained by providing redundant links between switching elements within a stave (intra-stage links), thereby increasing the switching element complexity. The techniques used in the construction of this network, its properties, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed. While early studies focused their effort in analyzing the fault tolerant characteristics of the network and the performance in a circuit switched environment, this investigation complements the previous work by examining fie performance of a packet switched network. The reasons for the choice of the architecture that include factors like hardware complexity, cost and simplicity of control algorithm are analyzed. The study concentrates on improving the run-time performance of the fault tolerant network. by using these multiple paths not only in the presence of a fault, but also in a fault-free environment. The throughput of the packet switched network in the presence of a fault, congestion and when fault free are analyzed. A description of the investigation, assumptions and factors used for the study, a cost analysis, and the results of the simulation analyses is included. / Master of Science