Au croisement de la littérature et de l’histoire, l’étude du discours pamphlétaire contre le favori royal dans la première partie du dix-septième siècle en Espagne revient à mettre en contexte et en perspective un discours d’indignation baroque. Pour explorer la construction discursive de la légende noire du favori, au-delà des critiques souvent convenues qui lui sont adressées, on s’attachera en particulier à démontrer la cohérence esthétique du Discurso de las privanzas de Francisco de Quevedo. Aux alentours de 1608, le jeune lettré et courtisan retourne ce pamphlet lucide et virtuose contre le duc de Lerma, flamboyant protégé de Philippe III dont l’exercice de la faveur royale ébranla les fondements de la monarchie espagnole. Déployant les pouvoirs contextuels, syncrétiques et paradoxaux du langage baroque, cette oeuvre sous-estimée est une réponse ingénieuse aux défis socio-discursifs qui se posent aux mécontents dans le microcosme clientéliste de la Cour. C’est toute la complexité de ces défis que nous nous proposons d’explorer, en mettant en regard de cette oeuvre quévédienne d’autres textes contre le favori royal prétendant pareillement rompre le silence. Invitant à réfléchir sur l’ambiguïté de la louange comme de la réfutation, l’alibi de l’amitié et les rapports entre la voix, l’image et l’écrit, ils permettent de mesurer les enjeux d’un discours critique et affranchi dans le cadre de l’Espagne baroque / At the crossroads of history and literature, the study of the pamphlets targeting the royal favourite in the early 17th century Spain seeks to review and contextualise a discourse of baroque outrage. In order to investigate the discursive construction of the black legend of the favourite, looking beyond the often formulaic criticism that is leveled at him, we will strive to demonstrate the aesthetic consistency of Francisco de Quevedo’s Discurso de las privanzas. Around 1608, the lettered young courtier turned this lucid and skilled pamphlet against Philip III’s flamboyant protégé, the duke of Lerma, whose exercise of royal favour shook the foundations of the Spanish monarchy. This underestimated work deploys the contextual, syncretic and paradoxical powers of baroque language, offering an ingenious response to the socio-discursive challenges that faced those discontented with the client-patron system that prevailed at Court. We propose to explore the complexity of those challenges by contrasting Quevedo’s work with other written attacks against the royal favourite that claim, likewise, to break the silence. Bringing into play the ambiguities of praise and rebuttal, the alibi of friendship and the relationship between voice, image and the written word, these texts enable us to assess the implication of this critical and unfettered discourse in the context of baroque Spain

Cette thèse a pour but de présenter le marché des paris sportifs plus précisément de montrer en quoi ce dernier constitue un cadre d'observations simplifié suffisamment proche des marchés boursiers pour tester la théorie de l'efficience informationnelle et aboutir à des conclusions unanimes concernant sa validité empirique. En premier lieu, nous concentrons notre attention sur la forme faible de l'efficience informationnelle et plus précisément sur une anomalie connue sous le nom du Favourite Longshot Bias, qui a été recensée aussi bien dans le cadre des paris sportifs que celui des marchés boursiers. A l'aide d’un vaste échantillon de données, nous démontrons que les coûts de transaction et les préférences des parieurs ont un impact significatif sur le niveau des cotes proposées par les bookmakers et donc sur la structure des prix. Par ailleurs, nous discutons de la rationalité des parieurs et nous montrons en quoi le comportement des parieurs n’est pas si différent de celui des investisseurs sur les marchés boursiers. En second lieu, nous analysons en détails la forme forte de l'efficience informationnelle et plus précisément la pertinence de la fourchette en tant qu'indicateur de délits d'initiés dans le cadre des paris sportifs. / The aim of this thesis is to introduce the sports betting market, and more precisely to show how this market forms a simplified framework for observations, close enough to stock markets to test the informational efficiency theory, and lead to unanimous conclusions about its empirical validity. Firstly, we focus on the weak form of informational efficiency and more particularly on an anomaly known as the Favourite Longshot Bias, which was listed in sports betting markets, as well as in stock markets. Thanks to a vast data sample, we prove that transaction costs and bettors’ preferences have a significant impact on odds fixed by bookmakers, and consequently on prices’ structure. Moreover, we also discuss bettors’ rationality and we show how bettors’ behaviour is not so different from that of investors in the stock markets. Secondly, we provide a detailed analysis of the strong form of informational efficiency and more precisely of the spread as an indicator of insider trading in the sports betting market.

This study enquires into the construction of a cultural fantasy, the favorite (or royal mistress), in the reign of Louis XIV (1661-1715), and aims to explore the kinds of narrative, the 'scénario pour l’imaginaire', articulated around this figure. A process of crystallization in respect of the favorite, both as word and as literary figure, develops across the late seventeenth century. This process is on the one hand fuelled by the increasing prominence of female favouritism as a political practice during the period, and on the other facilitated by the emergence of new privileged media such as the novel and the 'nouvelle historique'. The favorite, as a new incarnation of the ‘femme forte’, becomes a trope by which anxieties can be expressed: about female power, but also about the monarchy in general. This thesis advances by way of close readings and studies of vast corpora of texts; it alternates – both within and between chapters – between analysis and synthesis. Following the introduction, the first chapter introduces a set of mental landmarks, both semantic and axiological, and explores the dictionaries, treatises and courtly manuals of the time in search of the favorite. The second chapter focuses on the fiction of the 1660s and 1670s, and questions the way in which these texts established elements of definition and recurrent issues related to the staging of the favorite in this period. The third chapter considers the representation of Louis XIV's mistresses, principally through a study of the ballets, poems, letters, memoirs, satires and pamphlets concerned with the Sun King's loves. Its object is to show how the favorite is inserted into the royal mythology. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the first text explicitly and exclusively devoted to the favorite: the Histoire des Favorites (1697) by Anne de La Roche-Guilhen. This chapter attempts to bring to light the tensions underlying the text, while interrogating the determining role of this collection in the process of crystallization explored throughout the thesis. The fifth chapter sketches out the afterlife of the favorite under Louis XV and Louis XVI, and describes the principal evolutions which ensured her survival in the collective imagination.

Cette thèse a pour but de présenter le marché des paris sportifs plus précisément de montrer en quoi ce dernier constitue un cadre d'observations simplifié suffisamment proche des marchés boursiers pour tester la théorie de l'efficience informationnelle et aboutir à des conclusions unanimes concernant sa validité empirique. En premier lieu, nous concentrons notre attention sur la forme faible de l'efficience informationnelle et plus précisément sur une anomalie connue sous le nom du Favourite Longshot Bias, qui a été recensée aussi bien dans le cadre des paris sportifs que celui des marchés boursiers. A l'aide d'un vaste échantillon de données, nous démontrons que les coûts de transaction et les préférences des parieurs ont un impact significatif sur le niveau des cotes proposées par les bookmakers et donc sur la structure des prix. Par ailleurs, nous discutons de la rationalité des parieurs et nous montrons en quoi le comportement des parieurs n'est pas si différent de celui des investisseurs sur les marchés boursiers. En second lieu, nous analysons en détails la forme forte de l'efficience informationnelle et plus précisément la pertinence de la fourchette en tant qu'indicateur de délits d'initiés dans le cadre des paris sportifs.

Taking the demographic development of our population, the growth of the ratio of senior citizens and the increasing numbers of singles into consideration, the favourite activities of 70-plus citizens become more and more significant. Today´s modern society can offer a wide range of leisure-time activities options during retirement. Thanks to prevention, a healthier diet and sophisticated medication, senior citizens tend to feel not only healthier than their parents used to be, they have also achieved a higher standard of education and thus they expect to enjoy a generally better quality of life. The achievement this goal senior is not pre-conditioned by financial means alone, but predominantly by a change in the fulfilment of life. The objective of my work: The objective of my work consists in the detection of favourite activities of seventy-plus citizens and in the determination of the main determinants, i. e. health condition, natural social environment and stay in institutions for senior citizens. Hypotheses: H1 ? The natural social environment plays a significant role in seventy-plus citizens, H2 ? Institutions for senior citizens have a relevant impact on the available leisure-time activities, H3 ? The health condition is the basic pre-requisite of the range and choice of leisure-time activities in seventy-plus citizens The method of quantitative research was selected for the purposes of confirming or disproving the above hypotheses. The data were collected on the basis of a controlled questionnaire filled in by seventy-plus senior citizens living both in their natural social environment and in institutions. Senior citizens living in the České Budějovice region were interviewed and the respondents were divided into a group living in their natural social environment and a group of those staying in institutions. Both questionnaires consisted in 17 questions. The final number of respondents amounted to 116, 56 of which were living in their natural social environment and 60 in institutions. Data collection: The results of my diploma work suggest that health condition seems to have the most impact on favourite activities. In terms of favourite activities, there is a considerable difference between senior citizens living in their natural social environment and those staying in institutions. The research has confirmed the hypotheses H1, H2 and H3. Conclusions: Modern society should provide a better and more complex standard of awareness of the leisure-time activities options available to the seventy-plus generation. This would improve their general situation and quality of life.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att göra en närläsning och undersöka Yorgos Lanthimos sex långfilmer; Kinetta, Dogtooth, Alps, The Lobster, The Killing of a Sacred Deer och The Favourite. Jag har analyserat dessa filmer utifrån auteurteorin där jag utgått från Jason M. Silvermans (2011) begreppsapparat. Det jag fann var att Lanthimos gillar att skildra verkligheten, i linje med representational view, men på ett annorlunda och nytt sätt, som i linje med creative or imaginative view. Han sätter sina rollfigurer i absurda omständigheter där våld och genant intimitet står ut, vilket har en stark koppling till provocative view. Lanthimos samarbetar gärna med personer flertalet gånger, både bakom och framför kameran. Detta återfinns i idealtypen collborative view. Angående idealtypen pastische view kan man hitta inspiration från tidigare verk, bland annat i grekiska mytologier och i användandet av klassisk musik. Färgpaletten som används i varje film är relativt ljus och kall, vilket tillsammans med de ofta sterila miljöerna kan skapa en känsla av obehag. Detta tillsammans med hur han frekvent använder sig av vidvinklar och avståndsbilder bidrar till en känsla av hopplöshet. Han använder många långa tagningar där kameran antingen är statisk och fungerar som en fluga på väggen, eller har en långsam zoom för att ge intrycket om voyeurism.

Key words: Foreign direct investment protection, the most favourite nation clause, international minimum standard, national treatment, renewable resource, solar plant, Energy Charter Treaty Protection of foreign investments The diploma thesis deals with the importance of foreign direct investments ("FDI") protection. In the first section of the thesis a brief description of FDI protection history is presented. This description is focused on the development of the law of FDI protection and the means of protection execution (diplomatic protection, arbitration, use of power) are described. The changes incurred in the 20th century in international relations are analysed as well. Further the thesis provides a description of different regimes applicable in the field of FDI protection. Regimes like international minimum standard, standard of national treatment and the most favoured nation clause are comprised. The third section is focused on the Czech Republic and FDI support and protection in here. This part deals with the historical development especially in last 20 years. The system of support and protection of FDI is described and the most important disputes in this field are analysed. Finally the last section of thesis is focused on a very actual topic i.e. solar energy and legislature changes in...

The Master's thesis is engaged in analyse of methods of pricing and comparison of each other. This work is compiled from historical evolution of prising immovables, over adjustment prising in international prising standards, over defination elementary conceptions to analysis selected ways of prising of houses. The Master's thesis analyses process of prising methods and analyses sources which we need to compile a ways of prising. These are most important things to know, when we want to compare ways of prising. There are ten houses in this work from Kroměříž and surroundings. The main target of master's thesis is to ratify and to explain that location of houses and their surroundings are the most importatnt. These two points of view influenced price and salableing of houses. There is a comparison of ways of prising houses at the end of work