Darbo objektas: Lietuvos fechtavimo sporto sistemos valdymo ypatumai jaunų sportininkų ugdymo kontekste. Darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti Lietuvos fechtavimo sporto sistemos valdymo ypatumus jaunų sportininkų ugdymo kontekste. Uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti sisteminio valdymo ypatumus; 2. Pristatyti Lietuvos fechtavimo sporto sistemos valdymo ypatumus Lietuvos kūno kultūros ir sporto sistemos kontekste; 3. Pristatyti sporto valdymo patirtis jaunų sportininkų ugdymo kontekste ES; 4. Ištirti Lietuvos fechtavimo sporto valdymo ypatumus jaunų sportininkų ugdyme vertinant organizacijų vadovų ir trenerių požiūrį. Tiriamieji klausimai: 1. Fechtavimo sporto sistema ir jos sandara Lietuvos kūno kultūros ir sporto sistemos kontekste; 2. Jaunų sportininkų ugdymo ypatumai ES; 3. Jaunų sportininkų ugdymo ypatumai Lietuvos fechtavimo sistemos vadovų ir trenerių požiūriu bei ES kontekste Išvados: Lietuvos fechtavimo sporto sistema yra socialinė sistema, Lietuvos kūno kultūros ir sporto sistemos sudėtinė dalis. Lietuvos fechtavimo sistemą sudaro šie elementai: LFF, 2 SMĮ bei 5 klubai. Šiuos elementus sieja tarpusavio ryšiai bei ryšiai su kitomis nacionalinėmis ir tarptautinėmis socialinėmis sistemomis. Lietuvos fechtavimo sporto sistemos organizacijos siekia užtikrinti jaunų sportininkų ugdymo sąlygas bendradarbiaudamos ir pasidalindamos veiklos sritimis. Tiek vadovai, tiek treneriai jaunų fechtuotojų ugdymo situaciją vertina panašiai, tačiau tik patenkinamai. Jaunų sportininkų ugdymo ypatumai ES... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object: Lithuania fencing sport system management features in the context of young athletes training Aim: to analyze Lithuania fencing sport system management features in the context of young athletes training. Objectives: 1. To reveal systematic management features; 2. To introduce Lithuanian fencing sport system management features in the context of Lithuanian Physical Culture and Sports System; 3. To introduce sports management experience for young athletes training in the context of the EU; 4. To examine Lithuania fencing sport system management features in the young athletes training context. Research Questions: 1. Fencing sport system and its structure in the context of Lithuanian Physical Culture and Sports System; 2. Educational characteristics of young athletes in the EU; 3. Young athletes training features on the Lithuania fencing system managers and coaches' point of view and the EU context. The conclusion: Lithuanian fencing sport system is a social system, the component of Lithuanian Physical Education and Sports system. Lithuania fencing system consists of the following elements: LFF, 2 sports training schools and 5 clubs. These elements are linked between and creates relationships with other national and international social systems. Lithuania fencing system organizations ensure young athletes training by collaboration and sharing activities. Both the managers and coaches evaluate the situation of young fencers education similarly, but only satisfactorily... [to full text]

Electrified fencing is commonly used throughout the world to control animals with smaller and cheaper fence constructions than would otherwise be necessary with non-electrified wires. Typical installations have a long wire or wires starting from an electric fence energiser and then surrounding fields in various complex configurations. Faults on electric fences can be difficult to locate, with the average fence using tens of kilometres of wire. Basic fault-finding tools allow an operator to read the peak fence voltage, requiring the user to decide whether a fault is present and to randomly search for the source of the problem. The focus of this thesis is to develop a device that reduces the time to locate faults on a fence by providing more information about the location and nature of a fault, and will point in the direction of the fault.

The Rocker b Ranch on the southern Rolling Plains has one of the last sizeable populations of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in Texas. To investigate habitat utilization on the ranch, pronghorn were fitted with GPS/VHF collars and were released into pastures surrounded by a variety of fences to determine how fence types affected habitat selection. Habitat parameters chosen for analysis were vegetation, elevation, slope, aspect, and distances to water, roads, and oil wells. Results showed that pronghorn on the ranch crossed modified fencing significantly less than other types of fencing. Pronghorn selected for all habitat parameters to various degrees, with the most important being vegetation type. Habitat selection could be attributed to correspondence of vegetation type with other parameters or spatial arrangements of physical features of the landscape. Seasonal differences in habitat utilization were evident, and animals tended to move shorter distances at night than they did during daylight hours.

Title: Evaluation of the dynamic postural stability of competitive epee fencers. Objectives: The aim of this work is to objectively evaluate and compare postural stability of fencers by Neurocom EquiTest computerized dynamic posturography. Methods: The work has the character of a quantitative observational study, the aim of which was to assess and compare postural stability in sport fencers. A total of 63 probands took part in the research. The experimental group consisted of 9 fencers and 7 fencers in the age range of 20-29 years (average age = 24.19, SD = 2.70). The remaining 47 individuals formed a control group (23 men, 24 women, mean age = 25.22, SD = 2.20). Postural stability was assessed using a Neurocom SMART EquiTest. A complete range of 7 tests was used - Sensory organization test (SOT), Adaptation test (ADT), Motor control test (MCT), Unilateral stance (US), Limits of stability (LOS), Rythmic weight shift (RWS) and Weight bearing squat (WBS). In the experimental group, then additional balance tests - Single leg standing test and Stork test. The measured data were statistically processed and compared in the program R. Descriptive elements were determined for the data used for this work - mean, median, standard deviation. Data normality was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The...

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During the late Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, fighting books—Fechtbücher—were produced in northern Italy, among the German states, in Burgundy, and on the Iberian peninsula. Long dismissed by fencing historians as “rough and untutored,” and largely unknown to military historians, these enigmatic treatises offer important insights into the cultural realities for all three orders in medieval society: those who fought, those who prayed, and those who labored. The intent of this dissertation is to demonstrate, contrary to the view of fencing historians, that the medieval works were systematic and logical approaches to personal defense rooted in optimizing available technology and regulating the appropriate use of the skills and technology through the lens of chivalric conduct. I argue further that these approaches were principle-based, that they built on Aristotelian conceptions of arte, and that by both contemporary and modern usage, they were martial arts. Finally, I argue that the existence of these martial arts lends important insights into the world-view across the spectrum of Medieval and early Renaissance society, but particularly with the tactical understanding held by professional combatants, the knights and men-at-arms. Three treatises are analyzed in detail. These include the anonymous RA I.33 Latin manuscript in the Royal Armouries at Leeds; the early German treatise attributed to Hanko Döbringer that glosses the great Johannes Liechtenauer; and the collection of surviving treatises by the Friulian master, Fiore dei Liberi. Each is compared in order to highlight common elements of usage that form the principles of the combat arts.

An intensive, replicated monthly sampling of snake communities inhabiting four habitat types was conducted at John F. Kennedy Space Center, Brevard County, Florida from November 2002 through October 2003. Thirteen species (580 individuals plus 74 recaptures) plus one hybrid were captured. The three most commonly captured species, Coluber constrictor, Thamnophis sirtalis, and Thamnophis sauritus, combined made up 85% of the sample. These three species were active during every month of the year, but showed modal activity patterns typical of Temperate Zone snakes. Monthly snake captures were correlated with monthly captures of potential prey species and with mean monthly temperature. Species richness in the four habitat types varied from nine to 12. Drift fences in ruderal habitats had the highest species richness, while fences in swales captured the greatest number of individuals. The most dissimilar habitat pair was scrub and swale, while the most similar pair was ruderal and hammock. Box traps proved more effective for targeting the largest snake species, while funnel and box traps were equally effective for targeting other species.

This study analyzes the change in whole-farm net revenues and nutrient reduction from the implementation of five best management practices (BMPs) on a typical beef and beef-poultry farm in Shenandoah County. Whole-farm net revenues, resource allocation, nutrient loss reductions, and the cost efficiency of reducing nutrient losses were analyzed to assess which BMPs are the most cost efficient to implement, assuming the baseline scenarios have no voluntarily applied BMPs. The effects of stacking additional BMPs, in combinations of two or more, were also assessed. No-till cropping, winter wheat cover crop, herbaceous riparian buffer, fencing, and P-based NMP were the BMPs that were analyzed. Incentive payments from state and federal governments were incorporated into the cost of BMP adoption. A brief analysis of a farmer's time value of money, with respect to incentive payments, was also conducted. Results indicated that no-till crop management was the most cost efficient BMP, and was the only BMP to increase net revenues for both farm models. Fencing and P-based NMP were the least cost efficient for the beef farm. For the beef-poultry farm, fencing was the least cost efficient. The implications of this study are that farmers that choose to adopt BMP should evaluate both their interests in maintaining (or increasing) farm net revenues along with their interest in improving water quality through the reduction of nutrient losses. There is potential for implementing multiple BMPs, while increasing net revenues from a farm's baseline scenario. For farmers and policy makers, no-till cropping can be a profitable and therefore cost efficient BMP to implement. Incentive payments are intended to encourage the adoption of BMPs by subsidizing a portion of the start-up costs. Policy makers should attempt to make cost-share payments reflect nutrient reduction goals. This can be done by analyzing both the compliance cost to farmers and the nutrient reduction effectiveness of BMPs. / Master of Science

Cattle exclusion from streams is believed to improve riparian vegetation, in-stream habitat, and composition of aquatic organisms. Yet research on the effects of cattle exclusion have yielded conflicting results. The goal of this study was to examine relationships between physical habitat and benthic macroinvertebrate populations with increasing downstream distance from cattle-impacted stream segments, and determine which physical habitat and chemical water quality parameters are affected by cattle presence. Macroinvertebrates from 24 sites in Rockingham County, VA were used to calculate bioassessment metrics. Fourteen sites made up 4 longitudinal studies where improvement of biotic condition with distance from cattle impact was examined. Linear regression and multilevel modeling results indicated improving macroinvertebrate assemblage with increasing distance downstream from cattle-impacted reaches. Presence of riparian trees and distance from impact had a positive influence on bioassessment scores. A total of 39 stream sites in the Shenandoah Valley were classified using the Rapid Habitat Assessment (RHA) which is based on 10 visual evaluations of physical characteristics. Four of the ten RHA parameters, embeddedness, bank stability, vegetative protection, and riparian vegetative zone width, along with the total RHA score, were associated with cattle presence. This study found that a) RHA factors reflect direct cattle impacts on the riparian zone, but RHA has limitations as a general predictor of cattle impact, b) cattle influence on benthic macroinvertebrates extends hundreds of meters beyond the immediate pasture boundary, and c) improvement in Virginia Stream Condition Index can be predicted as a function of distance downstream. / Master of Science

Human beings by nature are social creatures capable of intelligent and complex interactions. Unfortunately, planning and implementation of the built environment has not always influenced or created opportunities for social exchange and conversation. The thesis explores how architecture can influence the interconnection between people at various scales in order to promote interaction. The mixed-use building includes a social coffeehouse and bar above which is a small apartment complex. These apartments would house a small number of politicians and their interns from each political party. This setting becomes a vehicle within which various players from the political spectrum could interact and commune together. By creating a variety of both public and private spaces, different experiences and relationships between inhabitants create opportunities for social dialogue and interaction. This architectural narrative, then, is the conversation between the reader and writer. ***NOTE: The uploaded file is 72dpi for computer viewing. Please contact the author if you should require a higher resolution pdf.*** / Master of Architecture