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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:25:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo1127_1.pdf: 1310738 bytes, checksum: 00b328f05b9311ebd934646422c35f4f (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Aloe ferox Miller, pertencente à família Liliaceae, é originária da Província do Cabo Oriental na África do Sul. No Brasil, a planta é conhecida como babosa e os maiores produtores encontram-se no interior de São Paulo (particularmente no município de Jarinu), Santa Catarina e na região Nordeste. Sendo esta última, a que possui as melhores condições de plantio. Ela consiste em um arbusto perene arborescente típico de climas secos e quentes, possui folhas alongadas e pontiagudas, e é constituída em duas partes: gel e látex. A resina de Aloe ferox é um resíduo sólido obtido pela evaporação do látex que escorre do corte transversal de suas folhas. Na medicina popular, dentre outras aplicações, a resina da planta é usada no tratamento da constipação. Os efeitos da administração oral de A. ferox foram investigados sobre a fertilidade, prenhez e desenvolvimento pós-natal da prole de ratas Wistar. A aloína presente na resina foi identificada por cromatografia em camada delgada e os derivados hidroxiantracênicos expressos como aloína foram quantificados por espectrofotometria. A resina na forma de pó foi dissolvida em glicerina 40% (v/v). O estudo foi realizado em três períodos, cada um contendo cinco grupos de ratas prenhes (n=8- 9/grupo), totalizando 15 grupos randomicamente formados. Os grupos 1 e 2 (grupos controle) receberam água destilada e solução de glicerina 40% (v/v), respectivamente, enquanto os outros foram tratados oralmente com A. ferox nas doses de 0,1, 0,5 e 2,5 g/kg. No primeiro período, o tratamento foi administrado do 1º ao 6º dia (período de pré-implantação - PP) e o segundo, do 7º ao 14º dia (período de organogênese - PO). No 20º dia de prenhez, as ratas foram laparotomizadas para avaliação dos parâmetros reprodutivos. No último período, as ratas prenhes foram tratadas oralmente com as mesmas doses durante toda a prenhez e os parâmetros maternos e os da prole foram avaliados. A aloína (Rf 0,35) foi identificada e a porcentagem dos derivados hidroxiantracênicos expressos como aloína foi 33.5%. Durante o PP houve diminuição no ganho de massa corporal materna (p < 0,05) em todas as doses. Reduções também foram observadas em alguns parâmetros maternos (massas da placenta) e fetais (comprimento e massa relativa) nas doses de 0,5 e 2,5 g/kg quando comparado aos grupos controle. No PO, a redução no ganho de massa corporal materna foi observada apenas no tratamento com a maior dose. Entretanto, outros parâmetros como massas dos fetos, da placenta e dos ovários foram alterados em todas as doses avaliadas. Durante o período integral da gestação houve aumento apenas na massa corporal e comprimento dos conceptos no 7º e 21º dias de vida pós-natal, na maior dose. Os parâmetros comportamentais da prole não foram alterados. Dessa forma conclui-se que o uso da glicerina como solvente não interferiu nos parâmetros reprodutivos analisados no estudo. Embora alguns parâmetros tenham sido alterados pelo tratamento com A. ferox, o desenvolvimento normal da prole não foi influenciado por ele. Mas, o tratamento com a maior dose de A. ferox sugere possível toxicidade materna devido ao provável efeito abortivo obtido com essa dose, mesmo sem causar morte de ratas prenhes e malformações fetais. Nesse sentido, estudos posteriores devem ser conduzidos a fim de assegurar o uso dessa planta durante a gestação humana

The oral route of administration remains the preferred route of administrating drugs due to patient acceptance and compliance. Therapeutic proteins are currently mainly administered by means of the parenteral route because of its low intestinal epithelial permeation capability. The major challenges for oral delivery of proteins and peptides are pre-systemic enzymatic degradation and poor penetration of the intestinal mucosa. The latter can be overcome by including safe and effective absorption enhancers in dosage forms. Aloe vera, Aloe ferox and Aloe marlothii gel materials as well as N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) were shown to be capable of increasing peptide drug transport across in vitro models such as Caco-2 cell monolayers. The purpose of this study is to investigate binary combinations of chemical drug absorption enhancers and to determine if synergistic drug absorption enhancement effects exist. A. vera, A. ferox and A. marlothii leaf gel materials as well as with N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) were combined in different ratios and their effects on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) as well as the transport of FITC-dextran across Caco-2 cell monolayers were measured. The isobole method was applied to determine the type of interaction that exists between the absorption enhancers combinations. The TEER results showed synergism existed for the combinations between A. vera and A. marlothii, A. marlothii and A. ferox as well as A. vera and TMC. Antagonism interactions also occurred and can probably be explained by chemical reactions between the chemical permeation enhancers such as complex formation. In terms of FITC-dextran transport, synergism was found for combinations between A. vera and A. marlothii, A. marlothii and A. ferox, A. vera and TMC, A. ferox and TMC and A. marlothii and TMC, whereas antagonism was observed for A. vera and A. ferox. The combinations where synergism was obtained have the potential to be used as effective drug absorption enhancers at lower concentrations compared to single components. / MSc (Pharmaceutics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The oral route of administration remains the preferred route of administrating drugs due to patient acceptance and compliance. Therapeutic proteins are currently mainly administered by means of the parenteral route because of its low intestinal epithelial permeation capability. The major challenges for oral delivery of proteins and peptides are pre-systemic enzymatic degradation and poor penetration of the intestinal mucosa. The latter can be overcome by including safe and effective absorption enhancers in dosage forms. Aloe vera, Aloe ferox and Aloe marlothii gel materials as well as N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) were shown to be capable of increasing peptide drug transport across in vitro models such as Caco-2 cell monolayers. The purpose of this study is to investigate binary combinations of chemical drug absorption enhancers and to determine if synergistic drug absorption enhancement effects exist. A. vera, A. ferox and A. marlothii leaf gel materials as well as with N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) were combined in different ratios and their effects on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) as well as the transport of FITC-dextran across Caco-2 cell monolayers were measured. The isobole method was applied to determine the type of interaction that exists between the absorption enhancers combinations. The TEER results showed synergism existed for the combinations between A. vera and A. marlothii, A. marlothii and A. ferox as well as A. vera and TMC. Antagonism interactions also occurred and can probably be explained by chemical reactions between the chemical permeation enhancers such as complex formation. In terms of FITC-dextran transport, synergism was found for combinations between A. vera and A. marlothii, A. marlothii and A. ferox, A. vera and TMC, A. ferox and TMC and A. marlothii and TMC, whereas antagonism was observed for A. vera and A. ferox. The combinations where synergism was obtained have the potential to be used as effective drug absorption enhancers at lower concentrations compared to single components. / MSc (Pharmaceutics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Aloe vera is found in the Northern Africa and the Mediterranean areas while Aloe ferox is found in Southern Africa. Aloe ferox and Aloe vera prepared by different methods have been shown to possess the following properties: Stimulatory effects on different cell types (e.g human fibroblasts, rat adrenal cells, calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells etc.), wound healing, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetics etc. In this study solvent extracted gel powders and whole leaf juice of Aloe ferox and Aloe vera prepared specifically without bitter components were tested. The aim was to assess if the samples could be used orally for therapeutic purposes with regards to wound healing, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties avoiding the laxative effects of the bitter components. The following were used: Human lymphocytes cells to determine cytotoxicity effects, chicken fibroblasts cells for potential wound healing properties, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomona aeruginosa microorganisms for antimicrobial properties and ORAC, DPPH, TEAC and chemiluminescence assays for antioxidant properties. Most of the results obtained were contrary to the bulk of the literature available about these beneficial plants’ extract. Bitter components have been reported to stimulate different cell types and to have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Thus the removal has been suggested as the main reason why the effects of the tested extracts did not correspond to much of the reported literature. From the results obtained from various aspects of this study it could be concluded that the removal of bitter components contributed to the apparently contradictory results. From this study it might be concluded that the four Aloe extract samples tested could not be used therapeutically for wound healing, antimicrobial or antioxidant properties. However they could still be effective for cosmetics purposes as obtained from the literature. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Pharmacology / unrestricted

The most popular and convenient route of drug administration remains the oral route, however, protein and peptide drugs such as insulin have poor membrane permeability and stability in the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption enhancers can be added to drug delivery systems to overcome the epithelial cell membrane permeability problem. Although previous studies have shown that aloe leaf materials improve the transport of drugs across intestinal epithelia, their performance in solid oral dosage forms has not yet been investigated. Beads containing insulin and each of the selected absorption enhancers (i.e. Aloe ferox, Aloe marlothii and Aloe vera gel materials) were produced by extrusion-spheronisation, using a full factorial design to optimise the formulations based on transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) reduction of Caco-2 cell monolayers as response. The optimum bead formulations were evaluated in terms of friability, mass variation, particle surface texture, shape, size and dissolution. The transport of insulin across excised pig intestinal tissue from the optimised bead formulations was determined over a 2 h period. The samples obtained from the transport studies were analysed for insulin content by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the TEER reduction, as an indication of tight junction modulation, obtained for the bead formulations containing aloe materials was concentration dependent. Furthermore, inclusion of croscarmellose sodium (Ac-di-sol®) as a disintegrant showed an enhanced TEER reduction effect in combination with the aloe gel materials. Dissolution profiles indicated that the beads containing aloe leaf materials in conjunction with insulin, released the insulin within an hour. In accordance with the TEER reduction results, the A. marlothii and A. vera materials containing beads showed similar increased insulin delivery across excised pig intestinal tissue, which was pronouncedly higher than that of the control group (insulin alone). It can be concluded that beads containing aloe leaf materials have high potential as effective delivery systems for protein therapeutics such as insulin via the oral route of administration. / MSc (Pharmaceutics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The most popular and convenient route of drug administration remains the oral route, however, protein and peptide drugs such as insulin have poor membrane permeability and stability in the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption enhancers can be added to drug delivery systems to overcome the epithelial cell membrane permeability problem. Although previous studies have shown that aloe leaf materials improve the transport of drugs across intestinal epithelia, their performance in solid oral dosage forms has not yet been investigated. Beads containing insulin and each of the selected absorption enhancers (i.e. Aloe ferox, Aloe marlothii and Aloe vera gel materials) were produced by extrusion-spheronisation, using a full factorial design to optimise the formulations based on transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) reduction of Caco-2 cell monolayers as response. The optimum bead formulations were evaluated in terms of friability, mass variation, particle surface texture, shape, size and dissolution. The transport of insulin across excised pig intestinal tissue from the optimised bead formulations was determined over a 2 h period. The samples obtained from the transport studies were analysed for insulin content by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the TEER reduction, as an indication of tight junction modulation, obtained for the bead formulations containing aloe materials was concentration dependent. Furthermore, inclusion of croscarmellose sodium (Ac-di-sol®) as a disintegrant showed an enhanced TEER reduction effect in combination with the aloe gel materials. Dissolution profiles indicated that the beads containing aloe leaf materials in conjunction with insulin, released the insulin within an hour. In accordance with the TEER reduction results, the A. marlothii and A. vera materials containing beads showed similar increased insulin delivery across excised pig intestinal tissue, which was pronouncedly higher than that of the control group (insulin alone). It can be concluded that beads containing aloe leaf materials have high potential as effective delivery systems for protein therapeutics such as insulin via the oral route of administration. / MSc (Pharmaceutics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:27:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo1193_1.pdf: 802111 bytes, checksum: 2138eacdcd88ad8c201968b734c5b81f (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Aloe ferox, Asphodelaceae, é uma planta que se desenvolve em terras com chuvas mais ou menos moderadas e secas e solos menos férteis; possui ampla distribuição em toda a África do Sul, tendo maior concentração nas Províncias do Cabo Leste e Oeste. No Brasil, esta planta é encontrada no interior de São Paulo, Santa Catarina e na região nordeste; sendo esta última a que possui melhores condições de cultivo. Aloe ferox é popularmente utilizada como laxante, porém existe uma carência de estudos referentes à eficácia de seu uso como laxante bem como de informações toxicológicas detalhadas sobre a espécie. Neste contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da resina de Aloe ferox Miller sobre o trânsito intestinal em ratos e investigar a segurança de seu uso. Para isso foram realizados o teste de motilidade intestinal em camundongos, nas doses de 0.05, 0.1 e 0.2 g/kg, teste de toxicidade aguda em ratos e avaliou-se a influência da administração crônica (13 semanas) por via oral do extrato da resina de Aloe ferox, nas doses de 0.1, 0.5 e 1.5 g/kg, sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos, hematológicos e morfológicos em ratos. Os resultados mostraram que na toxicidade aguda, Aloe ferox não produziu morte dos animais em doses de até 5 g/kg. Para a atividade laxante, observou-se que após 30 minutos da administração Aloe ferox aumentou a motilidade intestinal em camundongos em mais de 90% em todas as doses administradas. No entanto, a administração crônica promoveu alterações em vários parâmetros bioquímicos, hematológicos e morfológicos. No que se diz respeito aos parâmetros hematológicos, Aloe ferox, na dose de 1.5 g/kg induziu uma redução nos valores de eritrócitos, hematócrito e hemoglobina nos primeiros trinta dias de tratamento e aumento dos valores desses parâmetros no último mês de tratamento para ambos os sexos e promoveu o aumento do RDW em fêmeas tratadas com a mesma dose (1.5 g/kg). Com relação aos parâmetros bioquímicos, os animais tratados com Aloe ferox na dose de 1.5 g/kg sofreram uma redução nos níveis de creatinina e aumento de bilirrubina total e indireta em ambos os sexos. Nas fêmeas verificou-se uma redução nos níveis de HDL e triglicerídeos e aumento de bilirrubina direta. Os machos apresentaram aumento de fosfatase alcalina e ALT. A análise morfológica de vísceras, encéfalo e órgãos reprodutivos bem como a massa absoluta e relativa destes órgãos apresentou alterações nos animais que sobreviveram ao tratamento com Aloe ferox na dose de 1.5 g/kg. As principais alterações observadas foram massa absoluta e relativa diminuída do baço em fêmeas e do intestino nos machos. Os resultados encontrados nos levam a concluir que Aloe ferox é eficaz no tratamento da constipação intestinal, porém induz alterações significativas em vários parâmetros bioquímicos, hematológicos e morfológicos em ratos Wistar de ambos os sexos, indicando que a administração desta planta pode exercer efeito tóxico ao ser humano

Atopic dermatitis (AD) typically develops in patients with a history of allergic ailments, and is characterised by an itchy, inflammatory skin condition with scaling, lichenification, papules, excoriations and pruritus. In AD patients a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition is seen, associated with IgE hyper production. AD flares are largely triggered by environmental factors. However, the exact etiology of AD is unclear and there is a pressing need for new treatment regimens as AD is a chronic condition and requires long term treatment. Historically Aloe has been used to treat skin conditions as well as a variety of other diseases. To further explore the pathogenesis and treatment of AD, Balb/c mice were sensitized and challenged with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) for atopic dermatitis induction. Thereafter, mice were treated with either Aloe ferox or Aloe vera applied daily on the dorsal skin for 10 consecutive days. A placebo gel was used for the control mice. Blood was collected at the end of the treatment period and serum IgE levels measured. Serum IgE levels were significantly lowered in the Aloe ferox group than in the Aloe vera group. This study demonstrated Aloe’s immunoregulatory potential for alleviating atopic dermatitis through influencing of Th2 cell activation. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Pharmacology / unrestricted

Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-07-19T15:08:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_CaracterizacaoAntigenicaFisico.pdf: 2287602 bytes, checksum: 6ff5a42c9828655cb42af31bca8866f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-07-21T14:35:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_CaracterizacaoAntigenicaFisico.pdf: 2287602 bytes, checksum: 6ff5a42c9828655cb42af31bca8866f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:35:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_CaracterizacaoAntigenicaFisico.pdf: 2287602 bytes, checksum: 6ff5a42c9828655cb42af31bca8866f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O vírus BE AR 701405 foi obtido de um lote de mosquitos da espécie Psorophora (Jan.) ferox, capturados em Altamira, estado do Pará, no ano de 2006. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar físico-química, biológica e antigenicamente o vírus BE AR 701405, com o objetivo de obter dados que auxiliassem sua classificação taxonômica. Camundongos recém-nascidos manifestaram alterações neurológicas, como tremores e ausência de coordenação motora, após a infecção pelo vírus BE AR 701405. O vírus praticamente não determinou efeito citopático (ECP) nas células de Aedes albopictus, clone C6/36, entretanto, causou ECP em células Vero com aproximadamente 48 horas pós- infecção. O título do vírus obtido foi de 10-4,1 DL50/ 0,02 mL e o título após a ação do DCA foi de 10−2,6 DL50/0,02 mL. O vírus BE AR 701405 reagiu antigenicamente com o soro hiperimune do Virus Pixuna. Portanto, o vírus BE AR 701405 é sensível ao DCA o que indica que é um vírus envelopado. Ele é um membro do grupo antigênico A, do gênero Alphavirus, família Togaviridae, relacionado ao Virus Pixuna. Camundongos recém-nascidos e células Vero e C6/36 são suscetíveis à infecção pelo vírus BE AR 701405. Estudos posteriores são necessários para esclarecer o relacionamento antigênico do vírus BE AR 701405 com o Virus Pixuna. / The BE AR 701405 virus was isolated from a pool of Psorophora (Jan.) ferox mosquitoes captured in the municipality of Altamira, Para state, Northern Brazil, in 2006. The objective of this study was the physicochemical, biological and antigenic characterization of the BE AR 701405 virus in order to provide data for it taxonomic classification. Newborn mice inoculated by intracerebral route showed evidences of neurological manifestations, such as chill and motor disorders after the infection with the virus BE AR 701405. Cytophatic effect (CPE) was in infected Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells was not clearly observed, however in VERO cells CPE was observed after 48 hors post infection. The virus load was determined in 10-4,1 LD50/ 0.02 mL and the titer after DCE analysis was calculated in 10−2,6 LD50/0,02 mL. The BE AR 701405 virus reacted antigenically with Pixuna virus hiperimmune serum. In conclusion, the studied vírus was sensible to the DCA solvent suggesting that it is an enveloped virus. Furthermore, by serology this virus was identified as a member of the group A, genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, more closely related to Pixuna virus. In addition, newborn mice, as well as C6/36 and VERO cells demonstrated to be sensible to the infection by the BE AR 701405 vírus. Further studies are needed to better understand the antigenic relationship between the BE AR 701405 virus and Pixuna virus.