A combination of 169Tm-Mo??ssbauer spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) has been used to investigate the crystal field (CF) interaction at the rare earth site for the tetragonal series RT2Si2 (where R = rare earth) and the orthorhombic series RNiAl4. Single phase specimens were prepared in an argon arc furnace and characterised using x-ray powder diffraction, specific heat and magnetic measurements. For the RT2Si2 series previous investigations were extended to include T = Mn and Cr whose sub-lattices are antiferromagnetic well above room temperature. However, the rare earth sub-lattices were confirmed to order close to liquid helium temperature. With the assistance of the lattice electric field gradient (EFG) for isostructural GdCr2Si2 (determined elsewhere using 155Gd-Mo??ssbauer spectroscopy) and the within-rank CF parameter ratios for HoCr2Si2 (determined elsewhere using INS), the experimental 169Tm quadrupole interaction data were analysed to arrive at CF parameters for the Tm3+ site in TmCr2Si2. The final CF parameters match well with the trend observed for other members of the series RT2Si2 (T = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). CF schemes were also determined for Tm3+ in TmMn2Si2 and Er3+ in both ErCr2Si2 and ErMn2Si2. For the RNiAl4 series, TmNiAl4 was determined to be antiferromagnetic below TN = 4.7 K with the 169Tm-Mo??ssbauer spectra retaining a magnetic appearance up to 80 K due to the effect of slow spin-lattice relaxation. The relaxation data are consistent with a well-isolated ground state doublet (or pseudo-doublet) whose eigenfunctions have high components of mJ = ??6 states and with the relaxation proceeding via an excited state at 350 K. Because of the relaxation effect, the 169Tm-Mo??ssbauer data could not be interpreted in terms of CF parameters in the usual way. Instead, the INS spectra recorded for ErNiAl4 were analysed using a novel semi-empirical approach that coupled rank 2 CF parameters converted from the EFG tensor for isostructural GdCr2Si2 (determined elsewhere using 155Gd-Mo??ssbauer spectroscopy) with simple point-charge model calculations of the rank 4 and 6 within-rank CF parameter ratios. The first full set of CF parameters for this series was then determined for the Er3+ site in ErNiAl4.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-02T12:20:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissOFG.pdf: 1455470 bytes, checksum: 9d1a7b11f10dc60d101427a7db7287f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-04T12:06:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissOFG.pdf: 1455470 bytes, checksum: 9d1a7b11f10dc60d101427a7db7287f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-04T12:06:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissOFG.pdf: 1455470 bytes, checksum: 9d1a7b11f10dc60d101427a7db7287f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T12:10:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissOFG.pdf: 1455470 bytes, checksum: 9d1a7b11f10dc60d101427a7db7287f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / In this dissertation we presente a study on the entanglement between two identical and noninteracting two-level atoms, generated by their interaction with only a singl cavity filed mode. We also show how to calculate the intensity of correlation between thes atoms by Concurrence. Besides, was show the entanglement evolution for different field states and parameters for these states in two intaraction regimes: ressonant and dispersive, showing numerically how the maximum entanglement evolves form one regime to other for each cavity filed state. We are also abble to identify wich parameters influence the intensity and shape of entanglement, allowing us to define a non-classicality criterion for the radiation field. / Nesta dissertação apresentamos um estudo sobre o emaranhamento entre dois átomos de dois níveis idênticos e que não interagem entre si, gerado a partir da interação desses com um único modo do campo eletromagnético contido em uma cavidade. Apresentamos também uma maneira de se calcular a correlação entre esses dois átomos através da Concurrence. Além disso, mostramos a evolução do emaranhamento para diferentes estados do campo e variados parâmetros do mesmo em dois regimes de interação: ressonante e disperssivo. Mostramos numericamente como o emaranhamento máximo de cada um dos casos estudados evolui de um regime para o outro. Por fim, pudemos identificar quais são os parâmetros que influenciam na intensidade e na forma do emaranhamento buscando assim, um critério de não-classicalidade para o campo de radiação.

As ubiquitous wireless communication becomes part of life, the demand on antenna miniaturization and interference reduction becomes more extreme. However, antenna size and performance are limited by radiation physics, not technology. In order to understand antenna radiation and energy storage mechanisms, classical and alternative viewpoints of radiation are discussed. Unlike the common sense of classical antenna radiation, it is shown that the entire antenna fields contribute to both radiation and energy storage with varying total energy velocity during the radiation process. These observations were obtained through investigating impedance, power, the Poynting vector, and energy velocity of a radiating antenna. Antenna transfer functions were investigated to understand the real-world challenges in antenna design and overall performance. An extended model, using both the singularity expansion method and spherical mode decomposition, is introduced to analyze the characteristics of various antenna types including resonant, frequency-independent, and ultra-wideband antennas. It is shown that the extended model is useful to understand real-world antennas. Observations from antenna radiation physics and transfer function modeling lead to both corrections and extension of the classical fundamental-limit theory on antenna size. Both field and circuit viewpoints of the corrected limit theory are presented. The corrected theory is extended for multi-mode excitation cases and also for ultra-wideband and frequency-independent antennas. Further investigation on the fundamental-limit theory provides new innovations, including a low-Q antenna design approach that reduces antenna interference issues and a generalized approach for designing an antenna close to the theoretical-size limit. Design examples applying these new approaches with simulations and measurements are presented. The extended limit theory and developed antenna design approaches will find many applications to optimize compact antenna solutions with reduced near-field interactions. / Ph. D.

Orientador: Jose Antonio Roversi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T05:38:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nohama_FabianoKenji_D.pdf: 1986556 bytes, checksum: dce935416c59935cf9e7d868f74c5653 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Nesta tese estudamos um sistema de duas cavidades acopladas e sua interação com átomos de dois níveis bem como com íons aprisionados. Para o acoplamento entre as cavidades consideramos dois mecanismos distintos: (1) acoplamento pela sobreposição dos campos e; (2) acoplamento via fibra óptica. Considerando a interação dos campos acoplados com átomos de dois níveis nós observamos o emaranhamento em um sistema tripartite (quando as cavidades estão interagindo com apenas um átomo). Também foi possível obter a transferência do estado quântico entre dois átomos localizado em cavidades diferentes. Além disso elaboramos uma proposta relativamente simples para a geração de estados maximamente emaranhados (estados de Bell) entre dois átomos utilizando as duas cavidades acopladas. Por último, estudamos dois íons aprisionados, cada um deles localizado no interior de cavidades diferentes. As duas cavidades sendo conectadas por uma fibra óptica. Neste caso foi possível observar a transferência de um conjunto de estados de dois-qubits a partir dos graus de liberdade (de movimento e dos estados internos) de um dos íons para o outro, localizado em uma cavidade diferente. Nas propostas envolvendo a transferência de estados quânticos e a geração de estados de Bell foram incluídos os efeitos de dissipação devido à presença de um reservatório de temperatura T = 0K. Com isso pudemos concluir que as propostas são confiáveis para as reais taxas de dissipação observadas em experimentos / Abstract: In this thesis we studied a system of two coupled cavities and its interaction with two-level atoms and trapped ions. For the coupling between the cavities we considered two situations: (1) coupling due the overlap between the fields and; (2) coupling by optical fiber. Considering the interaction of the coupled fields with two-level atoms we observed the entanglement in a tripartite system (when the cavities are interacting with only one atom). When both cavities are interacting with an atom it was possible to obtain the quantum state transfer between two atoms located in different cavities. Besides, we conceived a relatively simple proposal to the generation of maximally entangled states (EPR states) between two atoms using the two coupled cavities. At last we studied two trapped ions, each one located inside different cavities. The two cavities are connected by an optical fiber, where it was possible to observe the transfer of a two-qubits set from the movement and internal states degrees of freedom of one of the ions to the other one, located in a different cavity. In the proposals involving the quantum state transfer and the EPR state genera-tion we included the dissipation effects due the presence of a reservoir at temperature T = 0. With this we concluded that the proposals are reliable considering dissipation rates observed in experiments / Doutorado / Física Geral / Doutor em Ciências

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_Alexandre Divino.pdf: 736654 bytes, checksum: 2b8069070ebe78eef1b634051df5d432 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-20 / In this work we have studied the two photon Jaynes-Cummings model to describe the interaction of a three-level atom in the configuration with a single-mode of a cativy-field. We have used the effetive and full microscopic Jamiltonian approach to compare the results obtained in these tow descriptions. We employed the two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model int the full microscopic Hamiltonian context to implement schemes to quantuam entanglement swapping, for approximate and conditional quantuam teleportation for an unknown atomic state, for a superposition of zero- and two photon states. Both schemes were implemented using no measurement in the Bell base states. / Neste trabalho estudamos o modelo Jaynes-Cummings de dois fótons para descrever a interação de um átomo de Rydberg na configuração (ladeira) de três níveis com único modo do campo eletromagnético. A descrição deste sistema foi obtida usando o hamiltoniano efetivo e também o hamiltoniano microscópico completo, com o objetivo de compararmos resultados obtidos nas suas descrições. No modelo de Jaynes-Cummings de dois fótons descrito pleo hamiltoniano microscópico completo propusemos esquemas para realização de troca de emaranhamento quântico e teletransporte quântico aproximado e condicional de estados atômicos desconhecidos bem como estados de superposição de zeros e dois fótons do campo. Esses dois esquemas foram realizados sem uso de medida na base dos estados de Bell.

As the solar wind reaches Mercury it interacts with the planet’s magnetic field slowing down, forming a bow shock in front of the planet and diverting the flow around it. Along with the solar wind comes the interplanetary magnetic field, an extension of the sun’s magnetic field. The interaction between the bow shock and the interplanetary magnetic field impacts the behaviour of the plasma both up- and downstream of the bow shock. An important factor is the angle between the normal to the bow shock surface and the interplanetary magnetic field, θBN. The angle can be divided into two categories: quasi-parallel for when θBN < 45° and quasi-perpendicular for θBN > 45°. It is expected for a quasi-parallel configuration to have stronger fluctuations in both the solar wind upstream of the bow shock and in the magnetosheath downstream caused by reflected particles backstreaming into the solar wind. Quasi-perpendicular configurations are expected to have less fluctuations in both regions due to fewer solar wind particles being reflected back. In this thesis this connection is investigated at the bow shock at Mercury using magnetic field data from the MESSENGER mission. By looking at the data when the spacecraft travels through the thin bow shock the local θBN angle can be calculated. The fluctuation level is then calculated as the standard deviation of the magnetic field in a 30 second period upstream and downstream of the crossing. The results found are unexpected as the correlation between θBN and the fluctuation levels are weaker and more uniformly distributed than expected compared to similar studies conducted at Earth using the Cluster satellites. This is most likely due to the smaller spatial scale of the Hermean system: the structures perpendicular to the interplanetary magnetic field of upstream activity, such as SLAMS, cover a greater proportion of the bow shock than at Earth allowing them to extend over into neighbouring regions of different θBN values, giving a more uniform distribution of the fluctuation levels. / När solvinden når Merkurius växelverkar den med planetens magnetfält och solvinden saktas ned och avledes till att flöda kring planeten. Då solvinden decelereras formas en chock framför planeten, bogchocken. Tillsammans med solvinden kommer det interplanetära magnetfältet, som är en förlängning av solens magnetfält. Växelverkan mellan bogchocken och det interplanetära magnetfältet påverkar plasmat både upp- och nedströms från bogchocken. En viktigt faktor är vinkeln mellan normalen till bogchocken och det interplanetära magnetfältet, θBN . Bogchocken kan delas in i två kategorier: kvasi-parallell då θBN < 45° och kvasi-vinkelrät då θBN > 45°. Vid kvasi-parallella förhållanden förväntas starkare fluktuationer i magnetfältet både uppströms i solvinden och nedströms i magnetskiktet, orsakat av reflekterade partiklar som färdas in i den inkommande solvinden. Kvasi-vinkelräta förhållanden förväntas ha mindre fluktuationer då färre partiklar reflekteras. I den här uppsatsen undersöks kopplingen vid Merkurius bogchock med data från rymdsonden MESSENGER. Genom att använda data då rymdsonden färdas igenom den tunna bogchocken kan det lokala värdet på θBN uträknas. Fluktuationsnivåerna räknas ut som standardavvikelsen av magnetfältet under en 30 sekundersperiod uppströms och nedströms från korsningen. Resultaten är ej som förväntade då kopplingen mellan θBN och fluktuationsnivån är mycket svagare och jämnt fördelade än förväntat, baserat på resultat från jorden från Cluster-satelliterna. Den mest troliga förklaringen är att Merkurius och dess bogchock är mindre än jordens: de strukturerna som är vinkelräta till det interplanetära magnetfältet hos uppströmsfenomen, t.ex SLAMS, täcker då en större proportion av bogchocken än vid jorden vilket tillåter dem att sträcka sig in i närliggande regioner med annorlunda θBN värden, vilket ger en mer jämn utbredning av fluktuationsnivåerna.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / In this dissertation we have modeled the magnetic and thermal properties of rareearth intermetallic compounds by using a molecular field model. For this purpose we begin with a Hamiltonian that considers the crystalline electric field interaction and the exchange interaction between the rare earth ions treated in the approach molecular field. We developed a computer program to determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors with which determine the magnetization, internal energy and hence the specific heat of the system. In principle we have considered systems with localized magnetism due to 4f electrons and an anisotropic exchange interaction. To test our program we have performed fittings of magnetization and specific heat data for the three families of intermetallic compounds RNi5 (R = Dy, Er, Ho, Pr, Tb), RRhIn5 (R = Ce, Er, Nd, Pr, Tm) and R3Co4Sn13 (R = La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Pr) and the HoZn and TmCd alloys. In RNi5 ferromagnetic family we got the best fittings, in RRhIn5 antiferromagnetic family the fittings provided molecular field constant very diferent much from the values found in the literature. In R3Co4Sn13 antiferromagnetic family we have gotten reasonable fits, while the TmCd and HoZn compounds the fits wore very good, because they are ferromagnetic. We concluded that even with the limitations, the molecular field model is efficient to study ferromagnetic rare earth intermetallic compounds. / Nesta dissertação modelamos as propriedades magnéticas e térmicas de compostos intermetálicos de terras raras magnéticos usando um modelo de campo molecular. Para este fim partimos de um hamiltoniano que considera a interação de campo elétrico cristalino e a interação de troca entre os íons de terra rara tratada na aproximação de campo molecular. Elaboramos um programa computacional para determinar os autovalores e autovetores com os quais encontramos a magnetização, energia interna e, por conseguinte o calor especifico do sistema. Em princípio consideramos sistemas com magnetismo localizado devido a elétrons 4f e uma interação de troca anisotrópica. Para testar nosso programa realizamos ajustes de dados de magnetização e de calor específico para as três famílias de compostos intermetálicos RNi5 (R= Dy, Er, Ho, Pr, Tb), RRhIn5 (R=Ce, Er, Nd, Pr, Tm) e R3Co4Sn13 (R = La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Pr) e mais os compostos HoZn e TmCd. Na família RNi5 que é ferromagnética conseguimos os melhores ajustes, na família RRhIn5 com ordem antiferromagnética conseguimos alguns bons ajustes mas as constantes de campo molecular diferiram muito dos valores encontrados na literatura. Na família R3Co4Sn13 antiferromagnética conseguimos ajustes razoáveis, enquanto que nos compostos TmCd e o HoZn conseguimos bons ajustes, isto por que eles são ferromagnéticos. Concluímos que mesmo com as limitações o modelo de campo molecular se mostra eficiente para compostos intermetálicos a base de terra rara ferromagnéticos.

Inledning: Agila metoder är ett etablerat arbetssätt inom IT och systemutveckling som nu tagit sig in i andra sammanhang, däribland i HR-funktioner där det benämns agil HR. För att förklara hur idéer förändras när de landar i olika sammanhang brukar begreppet översättning införas, där översättning av en idé kan ta olika form beroende på det sammanhang som det hamnar i. Fält förklaras inom nyinstitutionell teori som ett område eller interaktioner inom en specifik domän. En allt vanligare företeelse idag är att fält tenderar att interagera varpå nya praktiker uppstår. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utifrån ett nyinstitutionellt perspektiv öka förståelsen för fältinteraktioners uppkomst och deras påverkan på idéers översättning. Metod: Studien har ett nyinstitutionellt samt hermeneutisk perspektiv och har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod. En fallstudie har utförts där intervjuer har varit den primära datainsamlingsmetoden med totalt tolv medverkande. Tillsammans täcker de diskursen kring agil HR, där även sekundärdata i form av bloggar och hemsidor har använts. Slutsats: Studien visar att agil HR har uppkommit genom fältinteraktioner hos fältet IT och fältet HR. Inom denna fältinteraktion kan två arenor urskiljas vilka har olika beroenden till fältet IT, som resulterat i olika översättningar av agil HR. Olikheterna förklaras av institutionella och situationsspecifika drivkrafter i omgivningen vilka skapar olika beroenden samt maktobalanser inom arenorna. Beroendet skapas antingen via en integrationsmekanism eller som en kedjereaktion av redan existerande beroenden. / Background: Agile methods is an established approach within IT and software development that has recently appeared in other contexts, in HR-functions named Agile HR. To explain how ideas travel and land in different situations, the concept of translation is usually introduced. Translation of an idea means that an idea can take different appearance depending on the situation. Fields are explained in institutional theory as an area, or interactions within a specific domain. An increasingly common phenomena today is that fields interact and when so, new practices can emerge. Aim: The aim of the study is to, from an institutional perspective, increase the understanding of the emergence of field interaction and its impact on the translation of ideas. Methodology: The study has taken an institutional and hermeneutic perspective and has been conducted with a qualitative method. A case study has been completed where interviews have been the primary method of data collection, with twelve participants in total. Together they cover the discourse about Agile HR. Secondary data from blogs and webpages have also been used. Conclusion: The study conclude that Agile HR emerge from interactions between the field IT and the field HR. Within the field interaction two arenas being identified with different dependence to the interacting field IT. This generates different translations of Agile HR. The differences are being explained by institutional and contingency factors within the environment that create power asymmetries. The dependence emerge from an integration mechanism or from a chain reaction of already existing dependence.