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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoSOS_DISSERT.pdf: 761865 bytes, checksum: a0ac67b4ba92b97c64b01ed6cb86815c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The culture of fig (Ficus carica L.) constitutes one of the most important fruit crops, raising Brazil to the status of tenth largest producer of figs in the world. The fig 'Roxo de Valinhos' highly perishable and sensitive handling product. However, studies of phenology, production and post-harvest quality of the fruit of fig, especially in semi-arid regions are still rare. This aimed to evaluate the phenology, the productive aspects, post-harvest and storage time of fig cv. Purple of Valinhos in Natal west. The experiment was conducted at two different times, where post-harvest occurred in November 2014, and phenology in the period from July to December 2015. For the characteristics of phenology, we used descriptive statistics, while for the characteristics quantitative and qualitative, we used regression and mean test by Tukey test at 5% probability. For post-harvest, we used a completely randomized design in a 5x3 factorial scheme, where 5 is the storage periods (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days) and 3 is maturity stages (50, 75 and 100%), with 4 repetitions and 40 fruits per maturity stage. The fruits were harvested and taken to the Postharvest the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Laboratory (UFERSA), and were stored in a cold room (10 ± 2 ° C and 80-90% RH) for a period of 16 days, being evaluated every 4 days. The fig tree cultivation showed good adaptability and precocity to the semi-arid region in all phenological phases compared with temperate regions. In terms of the fruit quality, the fig tree shows a promising fruit for cultivation in semi-arid region / A cultura da figueira (Ficus carica L.) constitui-se numa das mais importantes frutíferas cultivadas, elevando o Brasil à condição de décimo maior produtor de figos do mundo. O figo Roxo de Valinhos é um produto altamente deteriorável e sensível ao manuseio. Entretanto, ainda são raros os estudos de fenologia, produção e qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos de figo, principalmente em regiões semiáridas. O presente teve como objetivo avaliar a fenologia, os aspectos produtivos, a pós-colheita e o período de armazenamento de frutos de figueira cv. Roxo de Valinhos no oeste potiguar. O experimento foi realizado em duas épocas distintas, onde a pós-colheita ocorreu em novembro de 2014, e a fenologia no período de julho a dezembro de 2015. Para as características de fenologia, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, ao passo que para as características de quantitativas e qualitativas, utilizou-se regressão e teste de médias, por meio do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Para a pós-colheita, utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x3, onde 5 representa os períodos de armazenamento (0, 4, 8, 12 e 16 dias) e 3, os estádios de maturação (50, 75 e 100%), com 4 repetições e 40 frutos por estádio de maturação. Os frutos foram colhidos e levados ao Laboratório de Pós-colheita da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA) e foram armazenados em câmara fria (10±2ºC e 80-90% de UR) por um período de 16 dias, sendo avaliados a cada 4 dias. O cultivo da figueira apresentou boa adaptabilidade e precocidade para a região semiárida em todas as fases fenológicas em comparação com as regiões de clima temperado. Em termos de qualidade dos frutos, a figueira se mostra uma frutífera promissora para cultivo na região semiárida

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoSOS_DISSERT.pdf: 761865 bytes, checksum: a0ac67b4ba92b97c64b01ed6cb86815c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The culture of fig (Ficus carica L.) constitutes one of the most important fruit crops, raising Brazil to the status of tenth largest producer of figs in the world. The fig 'Roxo de Valinhos' highly perishable and sensitive handling product. However, studies of phenology, production and post-harvest quality of the fruit of fig, especially in semi-arid regions are still rare. This aimed to evaluate the phenology, the productive aspects, post-harvest and storage time of fig cv. Purple of Valinhos in Natal west. The experiment was conducted at two different times, where post-harvest occurred in November 2014, and phenology in the period from July to December 2015. For the characteristics of phenology, we used descriptive statistics, while for the characteristics quantitative and qualitative, we used regression and mean test by Tukey test at 5% probability. For post-harvest, we used a completely randomized design in a 5x3 factorial scheme, where 5 is the storage periods (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days) and 3 is maturity stages (50, 75 and 100%), with 4 repetitions and 40 fruits per maturity stage. The fruits were harvested and taken to the Postharvest the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Laboratory (UFERSA), and were stored in a cold room (10 ± 2 ° C and 80-90% RH) for a period of 16 days, being evaluated every 4 days. The fig tree cultivation showed good adaptability and precocity to the semi-arid region in all phenological phases compared with temperate regions. In terms of the fruit quality, the fig tree shows a promising fruit for cultivation in semi-arid region / A cultura da figueira (Ficus carica L.) constitui-se numa das mais importantes frutíferas cultivadas, elevando o Brasil à condição de décimo maior produtor de figos do mundo. O figo Roxo de Valinhos é um produto altamente deteriorável e sensível ao manuseio. Entretanto, ainda são raros os estudos de fenologia, produção e qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos de figo, principalmente em regiões semiáridas. O presente teve como objetivo avaliar a fenologia, os aspectos produtivos, a pós-colheita e o período de armazenamento de frutos de figueira cv. Roxo de Valinhos no oeste potiguar. O experimento foi realizado em duas épocas distintas, onde a pós-colheita ocorreu em novembro de 2014, e a fenologia no período de julho a dezembro de 2015. Para as características de fenologia, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, ao passo que para as características de quantitativas e qualitativas, utilizou-se regressão e teste de médias, por meio do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Para a pós-colheita, utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x3, onde 5 representa os períodos de armazenamento (0, 4, 8, 12 e 16 dias) e 3, os estádios de maturação (50, 75 e 100%), com 4 repetições e 40 frutos por estádio de maturação. Os frutos foram colhidos e levados ao Laboratório de Pós-colheita da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA) e foram armazenados em câmara fria (10±2ºC e 80-90% de UR) por um período de 16 dias, sendo avaliados a cada 4 dias. O cultivo da figueira apresentou boa adaptabilidade e precocidade para a região semiárida em todas as fases fenológicas em comparação com as regiões de clima temperado. Em termos de qualidade dos frutos, a figueira se mostra uma frutífera promissora para cultivo na região semiárida

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Submitted by Rafael Augusto Ferraz null (rafaelferraz86@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-29T22:48:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Rafael Augusto Ferraz.pdf: 2156849 bytes, checksum: 2ff32bd21e6af4988c241fd748dc37a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-03-30T18:31:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ferraz_ra_dr_bot.pdf: 2156849 bytes, checksum: 2ff32bd21e6af4988c241fd748dc37a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T18:31:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferraz_ra_dr_bot.pdf: 2156849 bytes, checksum: 2ff32bd21e6af4988c241fd748dc37a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / No Brasil, a figueira (Ficus carica L.) é cultivada com o emprego de praticamente uma única variedade, a Roxo de Valinhos, e sua colheita ocorre num período de entressafra da produção da fruta fresca no Hemisfério Norte. Sendo assim, são amplas as possibilidades de exportação do fruto brasileiro, pois ele entra no mercado internacional a partir de dezembro, logo após a safra dos países mediterrâneos, que são os maiores produtores. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho propagativo e agronômico e a qualidade dos frutos de quatro variedades de figueira com potencial de cultivo no estado de São Paulo. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP de Botucatu/SP, situada a 22° 51’ 55” S e 48° 26’ 22” O e a 810 m de altitude. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos, correspondentes às variedades Roxo de Valinhos, White Genova, PI – 189 e Troiano, quatro repetições e seis plantas por parcela experimental para a análise do desempenho agronômico. Após a poda drástica de produção, as estacas foram usadas para a análise do desempenho propagativo, onde o delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (variedades x com e sem aplicação do ácido indolbutírico a 2000 mg L-1), com quatro repetições e dez estacas por parcela experimental. No que se refere à avaliação propagativa, as estacas que não receberam tratamento com ácido indolbutírico (AIB) tiveram maior porcentagem de estacas vivas e enraizadas, com exceção da variedade Troiano, que não apresentou diferença na aplicação, além de obter os maiores valores de comprimento da maior raiz ao lado de ‘PI – 189’. A variedade Roxo de Valinhos, ao lado de White Genova, foi a variedade que brotou mais rápido e a que apresentou maior número de brotações em todas as avaliações após a poda. A variedade Troiano obteve os maiores valores de diâmetro e comprimento dos ramos, além de ter produzido mais frutos por planta, sendo estes de baixo diâmetro, comprimento e massa, tornando-se possível seu fornecimento, principalmente para a indústria, em um período já de entressafra no estado de São Paulo, devido à sua colheita mais tardia. As variedades Roxo de Valinhos e White Genova obtiveram frutos com maior massa, diâmetro e comprimento, sendo grandes as chances de exportação dos frutos dessas variedades para consumo in natura. / In Brazil, virtually is cultivated an only variety of fig, Roxo de Valinhos, and its harvest occurs in a period of off-season of fresh fruit production in the Northern Hemisphere. So, are large the export possibilities because the Brazilian product enters in the market from December after the harvest of Mediterranean countries, which are the largest producers. In this context, the aim of this project is evaluate the propagative and agronomic performance and quality of fruits in four varieties of fig tree with cultivation potential in São Paulo state. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Lageado of School of Agriculture of São Paulo State University at Botucatu/SP, located at 22° 51’ 55” S e 48° 26’ 22” O and 810 m altitude. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four treatments, corresponding to the varieties Roxo de Valinhos, White Genova, PI – 189 and Troiano, with four repetitions and six plants per plot for the agronomic performance analysis. After drastic production pruning, the cuttings were used for propagation performance analysis, where the experimental design used was entirely at random, in factorial scheme 4 x 2 (varieties x whith or without application of índole-butyric acid to 2000 mg L-1), with four repetitions and ten cuttings per plot. As resgards the propagation performance, the cuttings that did not receive treatment with indole-butyric acid (IBA) had a higher percentage of live and rooted cuttings, except the Troiano variety, which showed no difference in the application, besides obtaining the highest root length values next to ‘PI – 189’. The Roxo de Valinhos variety, next to White Genova, was the variety that sprouted faster and which showed higher number of shuts al all evaluations after pruning. The Troiano variety obtained the highest values of diameter and length of branches, besides having produced more fruits per plant, being these of low diameter, length and mass, making it possible to supply, mainly for the industry, in a period already off-season in the state of São Paulo, due to its later harvest. The Roxo de Valinhos and White Genova varieties obtained fruits with higher mass, diameter and length, being great the chances of exporting the fruits of these varieties for consumption in natura.

Hemiepiphytes are important components of tropical forests and are attractive to scientists due to their unique epiphytic growth habit during some period of their life cycle. Unique characteristics in plant water relations and carbon economy have been found in hemiepiphytic plants; however, to further understand this group of species on an evolutionary basis it is necessary to carry out comparative studies between hemiepiphytes and their close relatives. In this dissertation I conduced a comparative study in a suite of functional traits related to plant water relations and photosynthesis between hemiepiphytic and non-hemiepiphytic tree species from a single genus-Ficus. Great differentiation in functional traits has been found between species of the two growth forms both during juvenile and adult stages. Seedlings of hemiepiphytic Ficus species (H) had significantly lower xylem hydraulic conductivity, stomatal conductance, net light saturated CO2 assimilation, and higher water use efficiency than congeneric non-hemiepiphytic species (NH), which are adaptive to a drought-prone epiphytic growth conditions under natural conditions. The conservative water use adaptation in H species is likely crucial to the drought tolerance and survival in the forest canopy but is related to much lower growth rates than NH species. Species of the two growth forms both showed relatively large plasticity in responding to variation in light level as in typical light-demanding species. Surprisingly, the NH species showed characteristics related to higher light demand than H species, which is opposite from the prediction that H species are more light-demanding than NH species. Thus, although commonly accepted, it is likely that light was not the selective pressure for the evolution of hemiepiphytism in Ficus. Using adult trees grown in a common garden, I found that H species showed characteristics of more conservative water use even after they established connections to the soil. Moreover, H species showed significantly different traits in photochemistry compared to NH species due to hydraulic-photosynthetic coordination. The evolution of an epiphytic growth habit during the juvenile stage of a life cycle in the hemiepiphytic Ficus species thus involved changes in a suite of functional traits that persist during their terrestrial growth stages.

published_or_final_version / Ecology and Biodiversity / Master / Master of Philosophy

This dissertation measures the extent of relationship between production, processing and marketing channels of fig products in Turkey for the period 1971-2003. We first provide a detailed analysis of world and Turkish fig products market. We then estimate the own price and cross price elasticities of fig products in Turkey by using simultaneous systems. The results imply that the demand facing Turkish dried fig processors is inelastic. Moreover also the producer-level dried fig price elasticity has inelastic structure. The study also finds evidence of a complementary structure between fig products apart from fresh fig.

The advent of next generation sequencing technologies has had a major impact on inference methods for population genetics. For example, community ecology studies can now assess species interactions using population history parameters estimated from genomic scale data. Figs and their pollinating fig wasps are obligate mutualists thought to have coevolved for some 75 million years. This relationship, along with additional interactions with many species of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFW), makes this system an excellent model for studying multi-trophic community interactions. A common way of investigating the population histories of a community's component species is to use genetic markers to estimate demographic parameters such as divergence times and effective population sizes. The extent to which histories are congruent gives insights into the way in which the community has assembled. Because of coalescent variance, using thousands of loci from the genomes of a small number of individuals gives more statistical power and more realistic estimates of population parameters than previous methods using just a handful of loci from many individuals. In this thesis, I use genomic data from eleven fig wasp species, which are associated with three fig species located along the east coast of Australia, to characterise community assembly in this system. The first results chapter describes the laboratory and bioinformatic protocols required to generate genomic data from individual wasps, and assesses the level of genetic variation present across populations using simple summaries. The second results chapter presents a detailed demographic analysis of the pollinating fig wasp, Pleistodontes nigriventris. The inferences were made using a likelihood modelling framework and the pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) method. The final results chapter characterises community assembly by assessing congruence between the population histories inferred for eight fig wasp species. The population histories were inferred using a new composite likelihood modelling framework. I conclude by discussing the implications of the results presented along with potential future directions for the research carried out in this thesis.

Resumo: A figueira (Ficus carica L.) é uma frutífera de grande importância mundial e, neste sentido, o melhoramento genético se torna uma linha de pesquisa importante para a melhoria da cultura, sendo necessário reunir informações sobre esta espécie, principalmente em relação à sua variabilidade genética, para que projetos de propagação e manejo adequados sejam realizados. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a existência de variabilidade genética, por marcadores moleculares RAPD e AFLP, de seleções originadas de estacas provenientes de gemas irradiadas com raio gama. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP - Campus de Jaboticabal - SP, utilizando-se estacas de cinco seleções de figueira obtidas em trabalho anterior realizado na Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, comparando-as entre si e utilizando a cultivar Roxo-de- Valinhos como parâmetro de comparação. Não há polimorfismo entre os tratamentos, indicando uma possível variação epigenética, devendo ser testada com outras técnicas sensíveis à uma possível metilação do DNA / Abstract: The fig (Ficus carica L.) is a fruit of great importance worldwide and in this sense, the genetic improvement becomes an important line of research to improve the culture, it is necessary to gather information about this species, especially in relation to their variability gene for propagation projects and handling are carried out. This study aims to determine the existence of genetic variability of selections originated from cuttings from buds irradiated with gamma rays, using the RAPD and AFLP molecular markers. The experiment was conducted at the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP - Jaboticabal - SP, using cuttings from five fig selections obtained in a previous study conducted at the Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, comparing them with each other and using the Roxo-de-Valinhos cultivar for comparison. There was no polymorphism between treatments, indicating a possible epigenetic variation and should be tested with other techniques sensitive to a DNA methylation / Orientador: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins / Coorientadora: Janete Apparecida Desidério / Banca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa / Banca: Bianca Waléria Bertoni / Mestre