The diploma thesis deals with the economic demands of individual proposals how to deal with a particular object and evaluate the most suitable solution. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with constructions of agricultural constructions, defects of building structures and their remediation and handling of hazardous waste. The practical part deals with financial demands of individual proposals and their subsequent evaluation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 25 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa realiza uma investigação empírica sobre os custos indireto de falência da empresa da VARIG S.A.. Alguns autores consideram a relevância dos custos de falência como um dos assuntos ainda não resolvidos da Teoria Financeira e, se em algum momento estes custos são maiores do que seus benefícios, seu impacto na estrutura de capital passa a ser determinante na escolha da estrutura ótima de capital. Esse estudo propõe uma inovação, que é medir os custos de falência a partir do ponto de quebra da estrutura da série temporal. Como resultados, os custos indiretos de falência da VARIG demonstraram ser significativamente maior do que os valores encontrados por outros autores, tendo sido encontrados valores médios de 400% pelos dois procedimentos adotados. O valor estimado de mercado da empresa analisada, deteriorou-se significativamente à medida que se aproximava a data de solicitação da recuperação judicial. / This research makes an empirical investigation about the indirect bankruptcy costs of the company VARIG SA. Some authors consider the relevance of the bankruptcy cost one of the issues that have not been solved in the Financing Theory and, if at any time, these costs are higher than their benefits, their impact on the capital structure become a determiner on the choice of the optimal capital structure. This study proposes an innovation, which is to measure the bankruptcy from the breakpoint test structure. As a result, the indirect costs of VARIG’s bankruptcy demonstrate that these figures were significantly higher than the other figures found by other authors, having been found average 400% by the two procedures adopted. The estimated market value for the company analyzed deteriorated significantly as the petition of the judiciary recovery approached.

Aim: Mental health condition of immigrants living in Europe is a major public health issue.Although a wide range of research on depression in immigrants was conducted previously, there is still a need for ongoing attention and thorough evaluation. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in depressive symptoms between immigrant and native individuals and to assess the influence of perceived discrimination, and socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors on the association between immigrant status and depressive symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by using the European Social Survey (ESS) round 7 data which was carried out during the period of 2014-2015. The study included 23,594 participants (men=11,077 and women= 12,517) between the age of 25-64 years, from 20 European countries. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the differences in depressive symptoms between immigrant and native men and women. Further,multivariate linear regression analysis was done to assess the explanatory role of perceived discrimination, sociodemographic, and socioeconomic factors on the probable association between immigrant background and depressive symptoms. Result: Immigrant men were experiencing significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than native men (B= 0.31, p= 0.005). Likewise, immigrant women were also suffering from more depressive symptoms than native women, although it was not significant (B= 0.16, p = 0.16). Perceived discrimination and financial difficulties were found to explain the association between immigrant background and depressive symptoms in both immigrant men and women. Conclusion: The study shows that immigrant men and women experience a higher propensity for depressive symptoms than their native counterparts. However, after controlling for perceived discrimination and financial difficulties, the differences in depressive symptoms between immigrant and native men and women decrease and even disappear for immigrant women and turn statistically non-significant. These results should be taken into account when considering preventive strategies to reduce depressive symptoms among immigrants.

本研究針對國內1996至2003年68筆受證期局強制重編財報事件為研究對象，採個案與實證兼具之研究方法，探討財報強制重編之成因、外顯徵兆與經濟後果。 就財報強制重編之成因而言，本研究發現盈餘管理誘因亦適用於財報強制重編之情形；公司治理機制中控制權與所有權偏離程度的縮小、外部審計品質的提升與關係人交易之透明與簡單化，皆可以降低財報強制重編之機率。就財報強制重編之外顯徵兆，則發現會計師出具無保留以外之意見與損益品質的下降，為公司錯誤報導財務報表之重要指標。就財報強制重編之經濟後果，實證顯示財報強制重編與財務困難間具有顯著的關聯性。此外，本研究並發現財報重編影響的報表數愈多、金額幅度愈大、涉及業外非核心盈餘與投資損益之重編時，公司發生財務困難的可能性將顯著增加。 / This research employs both case study and empirical approaches to investigate the causes, demeanors and economic consequences of a sample of firms that were enforced by the Securities and future Bureau to restate their financial statements over the period of year 1996 to year 2003. The analysis of the causes of mandatory restatements shows that the motivations of earnings management also apply to the context of financial restatements. The firms with smaller deviation of control rights from the cash flow rights, higher audit quality and more transparency in related-party transactions help alleviate the probability of restatements. The results also indicate that unclean audit opinions and decrease in quality of earnings are important demeanors of misstatement of financial statements. In addition, firms are enforced to restate their financial statements are found to be significantly related to the occurrence of financial difficulties in the future. The findings show that the severer the materiality of the restatement in terms of the length of period, dollars, and the nature of the restatements, the higher the possibility of firms will experience financial difficulties.

L’objet de la présente recherche vise à donner un éclairage théorique, méthodologique et pratique de l’augmentation de capital étudiée dans un contexte de crise. En effet, le cadre conceptuel de cette recherche a porté sur les termes suivants : augmentation de capital, difficulté financière, signaux annonciateurs de la situation difficile, notion d’entreprise en situation difficile et plus particulièrement sur la théorie de signalisation et sur la théorie de la lecture optionnelle du bilan. Il convient d’affirmer que ce cadre théorique a eu pour intérêt de « contextualiser » et de délimiter le sujet de recherche. Pour affiner la délimitation du sujet, une étude exploratoire a été réalisée. Elle a permis d’identifier les indicateurs de la situation difficile et de tester la méthodologie d’étude d’événement sur un cas. Enfin, pour valider cette recherche et pour permettre la généralisation des résultats, la méthodologie d’étude d’événement a été appliquée à un échantillon de 30 cas d’entreprises en situation difficile. Le but de cette étude a été de mesurer la création ou la destruction de la valeur actionnariale observable lors du lancement de ce type d’opération qui permet de mesurer les réactions des actionnaires anciens. Par ailleurs, pour mieux appréhender la perception des investisseurs sur ce type d’opération, la recherche s’est orientée vers les analyses de sens et textuelles lexicales. Au final, le sujet étudié peut s’appréhender comme un financement de dernier recours pour les sociétés en situation difficile. / The aim of the present research is to provide a theoretical lighting, methodology and practical of the capital increase studied in a context of crisis. Indeed, the conceptual framework of this research focused on the precision of terms such as capital increase, financial difficulty, covenant of difficulty, concept of enterprise in difficulty and in particular on the indication of theories namely signaling and the balance sheet optional reading. We wish to emphasize that this framework has had interest to « contextualize » and to delimit the research topic. And to improve the delimitation of the topic, an exploratory study was conducted and it has identified the indicators of difficulty and test the event study methodology on a case. Finally, to validate this research and to allow generalization of results, event study methodology was applied to a sample of 30 cases of companies in difficulty. The aim of study was to measure the creation or destruction of shareholder value observable at the launch of this type of operation to measure the reactions of former shareholders. Furthermore, to better understand the perception of investors in this type of operation, the research is oriented analyzes of lexical meaning and textual. In the end, the topic studied can be apprehended as a last resort financing for companies in difficulty.