Mini-dissertation (M.Com. (Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-128). / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / x, 128 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

The aim of this study was to investigate empirically the extent of mandatory compliance with international accounting standards (IASs) by companies in the Gulf Co-Operation Council (GCC) member states - namely, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) - between 1996 and 2002, and to explain why some companies comply more than others. Official personnel in the relevant enforcement bodies were interviewed to obtain information about their monitoring and enforcement activities. An index of compliance was devised to quantify the level of compliance. This was applied to the financial statements of 137 listed companies. Multivariate regression analysis was employed to explore the relationships between the level of compliance and particular attributes of the companies and year-by-year dummy variables. This was done to discover if the level of compliance with IASs was influenced only by company attributes or whether there were time trends as well. The attributes were country of origin, size, leverage, liquidity, profitability, auditor, industry, internationality, ownership diffusion and the company’s age. The average level of compliance for all companies and all years was 75% of the items in the index. No company within the examined time period fully complied with all requirements. The average level of compliance increased over time, though, from 68% in 1996 to 82% in 2002. There was significant variation in the level of compliance across the six GCC member states as well, but the level of compliance increased in all states over the sample period. The highest average level of compliance was in Saudi Arabia, where it reached 88% in the last year of the study. The degree of non-compliance with IASs across the GCC member states was partially attributable to limited monitoring and enforcement by the bodies responsible for overseeing financial reporting, and to the limited comprehensiveness of audits by external auditors. In addition to the role of the enforcement bodies and external auditors, several company attributes helped explain the level of compliance with IASs. Compliance variation increased with a company’s size, leverage and internationality. The level of compliance varied by industry too; however, company profitability, liquidity, ownership diffusion and whether the audit was conducted by a major international audit firm were found not to be significant factors.

Weakness in corporate governance and lack of transparency are often considered causes of, or contributors to, the Asian Financial Crisis. Publicly listed companies in Indonesia, like other Asian firms, have a concentrated ownership structure. Focusing on manufacturing firms listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) for the year 2003, this study adopts an agency framework to examine voluntary disclosures included in the annual reports of 149 Indonesian firms and their relationship to various attributes such as: ownership structure; whether a firm is family-owned or not; the owner's involvement in either the Board of Commissioners or Board of Directors; and whether the firm is affiliated with a business group. The results mostly support the notion that ownership structure affects the extent of disclosure in annual reports. First, the results show that, compared to firms with a nonmajority ownership structure, voluntary disclosure is lower in firms with a majority ownership structure. Second, the results indicate that family owned firms are more likely to exhibit lower voluntary disclosure than are non-family owned firms. Third, the analysis shows that, among family firms, firms with a majority (compared to those with a non-majority) ownership structure are more likely to have lower levels of voluntary disclosure. Fourth, the results indicate that, among family firms, firms affiliated with a business group are more likely to make lower voluntary disclosures than independent firms. In contrast, the empirical analysis failed to support the hypothesis that, among family firms, voluntary disclosure would be lower in firms where the owners are involved in the Board of Commissioners compared to those where there is no owner involvement in the Board of Commissioners. Similarly, the results failed to support the hypothesis that, among family firms, voluntary disclosure would be lower in firms where the owners are involved in the Board of Directors compared to those where there is no owner involvement in the Board of Directors. Robustness checks performed using alternate measures of disclosure and the degree of ownership structure did not substantially change the conclusions. This thesis contributes to our understanding of how family firms are governed and the impact of corporate governance on a firm?s level of voluntary disclosure. The results have implications for policy makers and regulators in Indonesia striving to improve corporate governance and transparency.

Univ., Diss.--Marburg, 2004.

Univ., Diss.--Mainz, 2001.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat Marburg, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-243).

The aim of this thesis was to analyze the shortcomings of the financial statements, namely of the balance sheet and profit and loss account, reported by specific municipality in terms of accounting before and after the financial reform in 2010 and in terms of lack eliminated thanks to this reform. The first part focuses on eliminating defects thanks to this reforms, it is about the transition from cash to accrual accounting, the obligation to begin with depreciating the property and the exchange of the financial statements. The second part is devoted to the elimination of the basic shortage of balance which is displayed through financial analysis, respectively the analysis of absolute indicators. In conclusion, the influence of inflation is projected in the reported values and the overall appreciation is added.

The aim of the thesis is to assess the quality of outputs accounting agenda processing in specific programs to handle the needs of accounting entities. On the market there are countless different accounting software, although to some extent differ in several criteria. Here are two selected published accounting software, which is very different from each other. Accounting software for each entity and a necessary part of the tool for processing of accounting and the right choice is very difficult.

This dissertation deals with methods of creative accounting linked with an auditor risk. In the theory part, there is creative accounting defined together with its methods and demonstrations. The auditor risk is then defined as the risk of an inappropriate statement to final accounts issued by the auditor. It refers to the auditor's respond to a possible risk with the aim to reveal the important (material) inaccuracy in the accounting accounts. The practical part demonstrates the possibility of the important (material) inaccuracy made either intentionally or with neglect. The aim of the work is to demonstrate the potential occurance of the practices of the creative accounting in the final accounts and the auditor's possible response to this situation. The conclusion of this dissertation deals with the possible auditor's statements linked with the revealed important (material) inaccuracies in final accounts.