De finansiella marknaderna i EU präglas i allt större mån av en extensiv lagstiftningsharmonisering vilken är en åtgärd för att uppnå en effektiv inre marknad. Till stor del består lagstiftningen av informationsgivningskrav. Kraven avser i första hand den information som ska tillhandahållas en investerare innan denne tar ett investeringsbeslut. I och med att investerare tack vare teknologins utveckling och människors allt mer sofistikerade sparande har behovet av lagstiftning på unionsnivå ansetts öka. Utformningen av informationsgivningskraven har emellertid givit upphov till en risk att lagstiftningen istället för att främja effektiviteten, hämmar den, eftersom kraven är så detaljerade och specifika att utbudet av komplexa finansiella produkter förminskas samtidigt som utvecklingstakten riskerar att avta eftersom innovationen försvåras av regleringen. I denna uppsats görs en fallstudie där PRIIPs-förordningens verkan på den svenska marknaden analyseras, något som ligger till grund för en diskussion kring effektiviteten på de nationella marknadernas korrelation med den inre marknaden. För att tillåta analysen diskuteras begreppet effektivitet grundligt tillsammans med den informationsgivningslagstiftning som, utöver PRIIPs-förordningen, präglar den inre marknaden. Lagstiftningsåtgärderna, till vilka grunder återfinns i effektivitetsteorier, är mot bakgrund av dessa högst legitima eftersom informationsgivningen spelar en viktig roll i effektiviteten. Emellertid finns indikationer på att de harmoniserade kraven riskerar att utgöra sådan överreglering som hämmar utvecklingen och innovationen på den svenska marknaden – något som måste anses hämma effektiviteten på den svenska marknaden. Härvid diskuteras relationen mellan de nationella marknaderna och den inre marknaden och vilka effekter harmoniseringen således har. Min slutsats landar härvid i att, trots att den svenska marknadens effektivitet i någon mån hämmas, måste detta anses vara ett pris värt att betala till förmån för den inre marknadens funktion.

Background: Many new investors have been introduced to the stock marketlately. Lots of them only possess some knowledge about stocks and havetherefore started to gather information from influencers on various socialmedia. The information contains, among other things, future forecasts, whichmeans that new investors can easily base their investment decisions on whatis published by these influencers. Purpose: The purpose of the study has been to study and explain what makesnew investors rely on influencers' opinions. This is done with the help oftheory and our empirical data. Method: New investors with up to five years' experience have beeninterviewed according to a semi-structure and then studied together withselected behavioral economic and communicative theories. During the courseof the study, we have used an abductive approach, which means that we haveswitched between theory and empirical data. Conclusion: The study has led to the conclusion that new investors have agreat tendency to be influenced by influencers on social media when makingtheir financial decisions. We have come to the conclusion that it is possiblethat the position of influencers has a decisive factor if the new investors areto buy a share or not. When new investors express that they have a lack ofknowledge in the financial market, they turn to influencers when makingdecisions.

The credit crunch that started the 9th of August 2007 is generally viewed as the most significant crisis to affect the financial markets and the global economy since the 1930s.The UK financial sector was heavily hit by the crisis which resulted in a dry up in lending and left a black hole in the British banks‟ finances. During the last quarter of 2010 the GDP shank unexpectedly with 0.5 percent from the third quarter which created concerns about going back into the recession. Contrarily, for Swedish economy 2010 was an impressing year with an unexpected GDP growth of 7, 3 percent in the last quarter.The purpose of this study is to analyse how the finance crisis has affected the leading banks‟ performance within the two countries and see whether the differences in values can explain the difference in GDP growth during the last quarter of 2010. The analyse is performed through a financial ratio analysis of the different banks.The final results of the research indicates to that the Swedish banks have been more profitable, have had a more secure and higher quality of lending and more capacity to lower cost related to income than the British banks. The more distinctive negative influence is mostly based on the larger amount of credit losses the British banks had to experience which contributed to their significant decrease in earnings per share which created scepticism on the credit market followed by a severe slowdown in consumption and in GDP growth. Since the credit losses never got to same levels in Sweden as in the UK the scepticism of the Swedish banking system did not affect the reduction in credit use and house prises to the same extent and GDP growth could recover back to normal levels sooner than in the UK.