Metabolomics approaches have recently been used to understand the complex molecular interactions of biological systems. One popular area in which these methods are being developed is to understand the biochemical changes during abiotic and biotic stresses; for example, how a cell may respond to a drug. Since metabolites are the end products of gene expression, these can be used to indicate the result of the activities and interaction of the cell or organism with its environment. The investigation of the level and compositional changes of metabolites against metabolic stresses such as chemotherapeutic treatment (drug exposure) are required to understand more fully abiotic perturbation to biological systems. The aim of this project was to understand the metabolic effect that the anti-viral drugs indinavir and lopinavir (currently used by HIV patients) have on HPV-related cervical cancer cell lines by measuring changes in metabolism using a wide range of analytical techniques; including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies, and gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC and LC-MS). The analyses and interpretation of the large volumes of complex multidimensional data generated by metabolomics approaches were performed with a combination of multivariate data analysis techniques such as principal components analysis (PCA) and canonical variates analysis (CVA), as well as univariate approaches such as N-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA). By combining biochemical imaging, metabolite fingerprinting and footprinting, and metabolite profiling, with multi- and uni-variate analyses, the actions and effects of the anti-viral drugs were investigated. FT-IR spectroscopy was initially used to generate global biochemical finger- and foot-prints, and Raman spectroscopy was employed to investigate intracellular distribution of metabolites, and other cellular species, as well as the localisation of drug molecules within cells. FT-IR spectroscopy ascertained that the intra- and extra-cellular metabolomes were being directly influenced in a fashion that correlated with increasing anti-viral dosing; these effects were phenotypic rather than measurements of the drug level. Raman imaging spectroscopy indicated that the indinavir but not lopinavir was being compartmentalised within the cell nucleus, but only in HPV early protein 6 (E6) expressing cells. This observation was further confirmed by fractionation of cell samples into nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions and assessing the indinavir concentrations via LC-MS. Finally, LC-MS and GC-MS metabolite profiling were employed to investigate changes in the intracellular metabolome in response to the anti-viral compounds across a range of physiologically relevant concentrations and in the presence and absence of the E6 oncoprotein. General effects of both anti-viral compounds included the regulation of metabolites such as glutathione, octenedionoic and octadecenoic acids, which may be involved in stress related responses, reduced levels of sugars and sugar-phosphates indicating a potential arrest of glycolysis, and reduced levels of malic acid indicating potential decreased flux into the TCA cycle; all indicating that central metabolism was being reduced. Finally, LC-MS based quantification indicated that in the presence of E6, lopinavir was actively removed from the cell, whereas the indinavir intracellular concentration increased concomitantly with the level of dosing. These investigations have revealed that metabolomics approaches are an apt tool for the study of anti-viral effects within cell cultures, but improvements need to be made with respect to the major limitation of metabolite identification.

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This diploma thesis describes implementation of an indoor positioning system for tracking the location and movement of material and products through the manufacturing plant. The system is designed with regards to simple installation and low overall implementation costs. It utilizes method of Wi-Fi and magnetic field fingerprinting. The system employs a client hardware (active tag with Wi-Fi module and sensors designed for this project) communicating with a server software which does the mapping and fingerprinting processing. Finall positioning system is prepared to collect locations data for further analysis aiming to improve efficiency of manufacturing processes.

The theoretical part discusses the yeasts and their taxonomic classification using traditional methods and using modern methods. Detail the work is concerned with descriptions of modern molecular-biology methods. The practical part was analyzed DNA by PCR-fingerprinting (rep-PCR) type of yeasts, which we received from the CCY and subsequent analysis of yeast samples obtained from grape musts. One of the grape must was obtained in 2009 (white grape variety) and the second in 2010 (red grape variety). Both grape musts come as integrated vineyards and organic. Grape musts samples were obtained from the winery Holánek from Ivaň. The cross-comparison of images PCR-fingerprint type yeasts and yeasts PCR-fingerprint samples using BioNumerics was to evaluate the results and conclude that the diversity of yeast flora in grape must.

This thesis deals with the issue of locating devices in wireless networks. It takes existing solutions as example and extends them using additional approaches. This thesis designs and describes the implementation of a prototype of a new proprietary indoor localization system used for locating devices within a WiFi network. In the final part of the thesis the testing of this system is described and its results are analysed and compared with another localization systems based on similar technologies.

The indoor positioning system is a series of networking systems used to monitor/locate objects at indoor area as opposed that of GPS which does the same at outdoor. The increase in the popularity of the Internet of Things made the demand for Bluetooth Low Energy technology more and more essential due to their compatibility in the smartphones which makes it to access easier. The BLE’s reliable signal and accuracy in calculating the distance has a cutting edge on others in IPS. In this thesis, the Bluetooth Low Energy indoor positioning system was designed and implemented in the office area, and the positionofIoTdevicesweremonitored. OntheIoTdevices,thebeaconswereplaced. And thesebeaconswerecoveringtheofficearea. Thereceiver,smartphoneinourcase,recorded theReceivedSignalStrengthIndicationofthetransmittedsignalsfromthebeaconswithin the range of the signal and stored the collected data in a database. Two experiments have beenconducted. Oneisforbeaconsthatarestationaryandonethatismoving. Toevaluate these experiments, a few tests were performed to predict the position of beacons based on therecordedreceivedsignalstrength’s. Inthecaseofstationarybeacons, itoffersaccuracy range from 1 m to 5 m, and 3 m to 9.5 m in anticipating the position of each beacon in the case of moving beacon. This methodology was a mixture of fingerprinting and an algorithm of multilateration. Finally, the experiments show that the algorithm used provides the most accurate indoor position using BLE beacons that can be monitored through an Android-based application in real-time.

L’érosion des sols constitue une menace majeure pour la durabilité de la production agricole. Cette étude vise à développer une méthode originale de traçage des sédiments au sein de deux bassins versants agricoles aux caractéristiques contrastées. Différents marqueurs ont été utilisés pour tracer l’origine lithologique des particules (concentrations élémentaires, rapports ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr), déterminer de quel compartiment des sols (surface ou profondeur) elles proviennent (¹³⁷Cs) et étudier leur dynamique temporelle (⁷Be, ²¹⁰Pb_xs). Sur le bassin du Louroux (24 km², France), caractéristique des plaines agricoles du Nord-Ouest de l’Europe, les résultats ont montré un transfert accru de particules très fines (<2µm) via le réseau de drainage. Lors de l’étude de trois crues successives, les sédiments accumulés dans le chenal ont d’abord été transportés, avant l’exportation de particules directement érodées de la surface des sols. L’utilisation de modèles de mélange a montré que les particules érodées à la surface des sols contribuent majoritairement aux sédiments de l’étang situé à l’exutoire. D’autre part, les deux zones lithologiques discriminées par le rapport ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr contribuent équitablement aux particules qui se déposent dans l’étang. Les fortes variations observées depuis les années 1950 peuvent être interprétées comme le résultat de l’aménagement du bassin. Ces résultats ont montré le potentiel de l’isotopie du strontium (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) pour le traçage lithologique des sources de particules. La méthode a dès lors été transposée au site de Guaporé (2000 km², Brésil), un bassin agricole au climat plus érosif, à la topographie plus accentuée et aux lithologies plus contrastées. En combinant les rapports ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr et les éléments les plus discriminants des cinq types de sols dans les modèles de mélange, les résultats montrent une contribution très majoritaire des types de sol localisés en aval du bassin. Celle-ci reflète une sensibilité croissante des sols à l’érosion selon un transect amont-aval, avec un système d’agriculture intensive appliquant des techniques de conservation des sols à l’amont et de plus petites exploitations familiales qui pratiquent un labour traditionnel en aval. Le couplage de ces traceurs améliore la compréhension de la dynamique des particules à l’échelle du bassin versant et fournit des données spatio-temporelles essentielles pour mettre en place des mesures de lutte contre l’érosion des sols. À terme, ces données pourraient être utilisées pour valider des modèles d’érosion et de transfert particulaire. / Soil erosion is recognized as one of the main processes of land degradation in agricultural environments. This study develops an original fingerprinting method to examine sediment source contributions in two contrasted agricultural catchments. Several properties were used to trace sediment lithological sources (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, elemental concentrations), soil surface and subsurface sources (¹³⁷Cs) and to quantify their temporal dynamics (⁷Be, ²¹⁰Pb_xs).In the Louroux catchment (24 km², France), representative of drained areas of Northwestern Europe, results showed the dominant contribution of very fine particles (<2 µm) transiting through the tile drainage system to suspended sediment. Sediment accumulated in the river channel was mainly exported during the two first floods investigated in 2013 whereas the next event was characterized by the transport of sediment eroded from the cultivated soil surface. Mixing models were used, and results indicated that surface sources contributed the majority of sediment deposited in the pond, at the outlet of the catchment. The two lithological sources, discriminated using ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, contributed in similar proportions to downstream pond sediment. In contrast, significant variations were observed since the 1950s. These changes may be related to the progressive implementation of land consolidation schemes within the catchment. Results obtained in the Louroux catchment revealed the potential of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios to trace sediment lithological sources. The methodology was then applied to the larger and steeper Guaporé catchment (2000 km², Brazil), exposed to a more erosive climate and characterized by contrasted laterite soils. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and elements that discriminated the five soil types found in the catchment were incorporated in mixing models. Results showed that the major part of sediment was supplied by soils located in lower catchment parts. This result suggests the higher sensitivity of land cultivated with conventional farming practices (downstream contribution), compared to areas cultivated under conservation agriculture (upstream contribution). Coupling several tracers (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, elemental concentrations and radionuclides) was shown to improve the understanding of sediment sources and dynamics at the catchment scale and to provide crucial information to guide the implementation of management measures to limit soil erosion. This fingerprinting approach produced an original dataset that may be used to calibrate and validate models simulating erosion and sediment transfers.

Remote Analyse von Netzwerken hinter Firewalls und Firewallsystemen.