Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-11T15:41:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Um Método de Web Fingerprinting baseado em Atributos relaci.pdf: 5647311 bytes, checksum: 2fa1d2fa1e9866efc5d985ca75224f14 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-11T15:41:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Um Método de Web Fingerprinting baseado em Atributos relaci.pdf: 5647311 bytes, checksum: 2fa1d2fa1e9866efc5d985ca75224f14 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-11T15:41:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Um Método de Web Fingerprinting baseado em Atributos relaci.pdf: 5647311 bytes, checksum: 2fa1d2fa1e9866efc5d985ca75224f14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-02 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Web fingerprinting is the process in which a user is, with high likelihood, uniquely identified by the extracted features from his/her device, generating a fingerprint. In order to be effective, the method must generate a stable fingerprint, and therefore it is necessary to employ discriminatory attributes with low volatility, capable of providing the same characteristics over the time. There are a variety of proposed techniques, but not all of them are capable of generating a stable fingerprint. In this work it is proposed, designed and evaluated a Web Fingerprinting method that aims to employ features that provide characteristics related to the devices’ hardware. One of the ways to achieve this objective is through the use of technologies such as HTML5 and the Web Audio API. Theses are promising technologies for Web Fingerprinting methods because they provide features related to the devices’ hardware, which reduces the extracted fingerprint’s mutability and increases the number of target devices in which the method can be executed, since HTML5 is adopted by default in the most popular web browsers. As results, it was found that the HTML5 Canvas and the Web Audio API, when employed with other attributes related to the hardware characteristics of the device, converges to a web Fingerprinting method capable of uniquely identify several users (with 90,34% of accuracy). In addition, it was found that grouping weaker attributes with more relevant ones allows the Web Fingerprinting method to extract more characteristics than to use just relevant attributes. / Web Fingerprinting é o processo no qual um usuário é, com alta probabilidade, identificado de forma única a partir das características extraídas de seu dispositivo, gerando uma chave identificadora (fingerprint). Para um método que gere um fingerprint ser eficaz é necessário obter respostas estáveis, o que implica em empregar atributos discriminatórios com baixa volatilidade. Em outras palavras, atributos capazes de fornecer as mesmas características sobre os dispositivos ao longo do tempo. Há uma diversidade de técnicas propostas na literatura, mas nem todas são capazes de gerar um fingerprint estável. Nesta dissertação é proposto, projetado e avaliado um método de Web Fingerprinting que busca utilizar características relacionadas ao hardware dos dispositivos. Uma das formas de alcançar esse objetivo é empregar HTML5 Canvas e Web Audio API, tecnologias promissoras por serem capaz de fornecer características relacionadas ao hardware do dispositivo, o que reduz a mutabilidade do fingerprint extraído e aumenta o número de dispositivos-alvo em que o método pode ser aplicado. Como resultado, constatou-se que o emprego do HTML5 Canvas e da Web Audio API, em conjunto como outros atributos cujas características são relativas ao hardware do dispositivo, permite identificar, de forma única, com 90,34% de precisão, diversos usuários. Além disso, percebeu-se que agrupamento de atributos mais fracos com os mais discriminatórios permite extrair mais características do que utilizar atributos discriminatórios de forma isolada.

M.Sc. / Invasive species are a considerable threat to ecosystems globally, especially on islands where species diversity can be relatively low. Understanding the drivers of invasion is the first step towards an adequate management plan. Although Darwin’s naturalisation hypothesis has fuelled our understanding in this regard, several studies provided mixed results, suggesting that invasion success might be context-dependent. The main objectives of this study are two-fold: (1) testing Darwin hypothesis on Robben Island, and (2) investigating the relative role of invasive alien plants on phylogenetic diversity (PD) loss in native community. I sampled extensively the flora of the island, and using a Bayesian analysis, I reconstructed its phylogeny based on two plastid DNA loci, rbcLa and matK. I also surveyed a total of 127 plots of 50 x 50 m (i.e. local communities) where species presence/absence was recorded. Analysing phylogenetic patterns of the native and invasive floras at both regional (phylogeny level) and smaller scales (plots level), I found that invasive species are, on average, more distantly related to the native communities, giving strong support to the hypothesis tested. Furthermore I found that native communities have accumulated lower PD than alien communities; and that local communities are more overdispersed than expected. These findings suggest that competitive interactions might be the major ecological forces shaping plant communities, with the possibility of alien being higher competitors than native, and therefore decreasing native plant diversity. The implications of these findings for the recovery of native plants are also discussed. Key words: Invasion biology - Darwin’s naturalisation hypothesis - Phylogenetic diversity - Community structure - Conservation - Robben Island, South Africa.

With the development of the Internet, illegal copying of electronic documents has become a growing problem. There is an increasing need of prevention in the field of pirate copying. One method is to mark the document by changing some of the words to synonyms. In this way it is possible to construct legal copies which do not differ in content but still are unique. Since the copies of the documents are unique, it is possible to trace the owner of a document and accordingly call him or her to account for pirate copying if several exactly similar copies are reaching the market. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of exchanging words for synonyms in a text from a work of fiction, examining both the literary qualities of the manipulated texts and the security aspect. The conclusion of the study is that it is possible to mark texts of imaginative literature by means of the use of synonyms.

Koagulas-negativa stafylokocker (KNS) klassas som en viktig del av hudens normalflora. Vid skador på hudens barriär som en inläggning av centrala venkatetrar (CVK) innebär kan dock KNS få tillträde till normalt sterila lokaler där de kan orsaka infektion. Vid utodling av borttagna CVK från patienter resistensbestäms bara några enstaka kolonier vilket gör det lätt att missa förekomst av flera olika stafylokock-kloner. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur ofta en eller flera olika KNS-kloner förekommer på CVK från patienter, samt om det förekommer gemensamma kloner av KNS på CVK från olika patienter. Kolonier från CVK prov analyserades med den biokemiska fingerprintingmetoden Phene Plate-system (PhP). Resultatet visade 37 stycken CVK prov innehållande en klon, 23 stycken prov där det fanns 2 separata kloner, samt 6 prov med 3 kloner. Jämförelsen av kolonier ur prov från olika patienter resulterade i kluster med många gemensamma PhP-typer. I de 3 största klustren fanns 31, 15, respektive 8 kolonier representerande olika patienter. Den betydande andelen polyklonala CVK prov leder till risken att missa en mer resistent klon vilket då kan få konsekvensen felaktig antibiotikabehandling av patient. Att många patientprov hade en gemensam KNS-klon tyder på spridning av speciellt virulenta stammar inom sjukhus.

1 Abstract Fingerprinting - Past, Present and Future The objective of the presented diploma thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of findings in fingerprints area. Fingerprinting is a unique method enabling quick, inexpensive and reliable personal identification. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the presented issue, fingerprint reputation as ever-changing and continuously developing method is put into contrast with its contradictions and current problems. The first part of the thesis describes roots and genesis of the method from its beginnings in ancient realms up to date. The process of shaping of the knowledge in the field of fingerprints into a science is presented through the works of the most prominent fingerprints personalities. Despite the difficult beginnings, fingerprints finally reached the position of trustworthy and respectful area of forensic science. Due to that; the historical part follows the journey of fingerprints evidence into the police investigation and court rooms. Final point brings an attention to the establishment of fingerprinting in Czech criminal investigation. The main part of the thesis is dedicated to the practical aspect of fingerprints expertise. To provide a deep level of understanding, particular role of fingerprints in criminal investigations and its...

M.Sc. (Botany) / The market and public demand for medicinal plants over the past few decades has increased dramatically with more than 1 000 plant species actively traded for medicinal purposes throughout South Africa. Intensive harvesting of wild material is now acknowledged as a serious threat to biodiversity in this country. Also the substitution of a valuable commodity (medicinal plant) by a cheaper alternative (other plant species), either inadvertently due to misidentification, or deliberately to cheat consumers, raises some serious concerns as these adulterants may not be as effective or may even be toxic and cause harm to consumers. To add to the problem many species are either traded as dried leaf, root, bark products, or extracts and their identification becomes problematic. Therefore, DNA barcoding can help to provide a rapid and accurate identification tool for medicinal plants. In the current study I targeted the most commonly used medicinal plants in South Africa and produced a set of barcodes for fast and easy DNA-based species identification (rbcLa & matK). I tested the efficiency of core barcodes in the identification of medicinal plants using four main analyses, in the R package Spider 1.1-1. Here the extent of specific genetic divergence, DNA barcoding gap, BLAST test, and the ability to discriminate between species were assessed. Overall, the matK region was found to be a more useful tool for the species identification of medicinal plants in South Africa.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Botany))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Plant Science / unrestricted

Positioning in environments where GPS is absent is a field currently under intensive research.Systems are currently being researched or designed for indoor use, often relying on ultra-wideband radio, ultrasound, fingerprinting or Wi-Fi.For underground mining, the problem is magnified, as installation of new equipment is expensive.Mobilaris Mining and Civil Engineering AB supplies a service, Mobilaris Mining Intelligence, using existing Wi-Fi infrastructure present in many mines for communication, and has developed two Wi-Fi-based positioning methods and one hybrid system, using dead reckoning and gyroscope.The first positioning method, Positioning Method 1, positions resources at the location of the strongest access point.The other positioning method, Positioning Method 4, uses signal strength values to construct an area where the tag is likely to be, similar to a Venn diagram. This thesis proposes a Quality of Positioning system to dynamically and select the best of all available positioning systems for every object to be positioned.This should be trained automatically by ``light vehicles'', such as service pickup trucks, equipped with the hybrid positioning system acting as reference values.Testing was done at the Kristineberg Mine in Västerbotten, Sweden, using a pickup truck equipped with the hybrid positioning system and Wi-Fi personnel positioning tags.It was found that the difference between the two positioning methods was not statistically significant, and that the hybrid positioning system was insufficiently accurate to act as a reference value. This thesis further revealed that the architecture of Mobilaris Mining Intelligence makes implementing a dynamic system impractical.Although planned for, the dynamic Quality of Positioning system was not implemented due to being deemed too impractical, complex and time-consuming compared to the benefit it would have provided.A high-level description of such an implementation is however presented, should it be motivated by future studies.

Characterization studies on the genetic diversity among cultivated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) varieties are valuable tools to optimize the use of available genetic resources by farmers, local communities, researchers and breeders. Eight cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) genotypes ( Vegetable cowpea, Ivory grey, Okhalweni, Fahari, Fahari dark, 97K-1069-8, IT93K-73h, and 129-3) were subjected to molecular, morphological and agronomical characterization. DNA amplification fingerprinting markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity among the eight genotypes. Nine random arbitrary primers were used to screen the eight genotypes to assess their ability to reveal polymorphisms in cowpea, and seven of them were selected for use in characterizing the total sample. A total of 43 bands were generated which are all polymorphic. On the average, the primers generated a total of 6.1 polymorphic bands. The resulting data-matrix included 43 analysed bands with a total of 344 characters. Neighbour joining analysis was used to generate the dendrogram, clustering the genotypes into two groups at an agglomerate coefficient of 0.30 irrespective of their geographical origins. The results also showed the presence of significant differences in morphological and quality traits among the genotypes. Fahari yielded the highest concentration of crude protein (46.51 mg/mg dry leaf) while Vegetable cowpea yielded the lowest (24.41 mg/mg dry leaf). The influence of manure was also found to be effective by increasing the crude protein content of the genotypes as shown by Fahari dark with an average of 53.53 mg/mg dry leaf as opposed to 39.85 mg/mg dry leaf without manure application. Although some small clusters grouped accessions of the same growth habits, a general lack of agreement between clustering and morphological features was observed. It can therefore be concluded that the significant differences between the molecular genetic analysis using DAF-PCR markers, morphologic characters and yield traits can be important tools to identify and discriminates the different cowpea genotypes.

The use of smartphones for positioning and navigation is mostly limited to outdoor settings. Indoors, where GPS signals are too inaccurate for positioning, an alternative must be used. This project aimed at producing an indoor positioning system which could be both configured and used by an end user organization without equipping its buildings with proprietary hardware. The prerequisites were that a complete digital representation of the building floors is available, and that the floors have a sufficient amount of WiFi access points. Our system measures radio signal strength from existing WiFi infrastructure using a smartphone. This data is sent to a backend and is used to position a device using two different methods: trilateration and fingerprinting. The finished system can position a user with an accuracy of approximately four meters using fingerprinting instead of trilateration as it yielded the best results. The building used for testing was scanned using a smartphone equipped with our application, something that we would expect an end user to be able to do. / Användandet av smartphones för positionering och navigering är mestadels inriktat på utomhusanvändning. Inomhus är GPS signaler inte tillräckligt noggranna för positionering, och ett alternativ måste användas. Det här projektets mål var att producera ett inomhuspositioneringssystem som kan konfigureras och användas av slutanvändarorganisationen utan att behöva utrusta sina byggnader med proprietär hårdvara. Förutsättningarna är att en komplett digital representation av byggnaden finns tillgänglig, och att våningsplanen har tillräckligt många WiFi basstationer. Vårt system mäter radiosignalstyrka från den existerande WiFi infrastrukturen. Denna data skickas till en backend och används i två olika metoder: trilateration och fingerprinting. Det slutgiltiga systemet kan positionera en användare med en träffsäkerhet på ungefär fyra meter när fingerprintingmetoden används då den producerade det bästa resultatet. Byggnaden som systemet testades i skannades av en smartphone med vår applikation, en sak som vi förväntar oss att en slutanvändare skulle kunna göra själv.