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TARGETED AND NON-TARGETED METABOLITE ANALYSIS FOR DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT: MEASURING BIOMARKERS OF SMOKE EXPOSURE AND HABITUAL DIETWellington, Nadine L January 2019 (has links)
Exposomics applies metabolomics methods and technologies to the comprehensive
analysis of all low molecular weight molecules (< 1.5 kDa) in complex biological
samples to characterize the interaction between cellular metabolism and exogenous
lifestyle exposures that determine health and quality of life. To fully access the
diverse classes of biological molecules related to an individual’s metabolic profile,
metabolomics frequently requires the use of complementary analytical platforms,
and employs targeted and untargeted molecular profiling strategies to identify
biomarkers that are clinically relevant to an individual’s health status. Chapter 2
describes a quinoline-based boronic acid biosensor for N-acetylneuraminic acid that
undergoes a striking binding enhancement under strongly acidic conditions. For the
first time, this work allows for direct analysis of acidic sugars with high selectivity
when using UV absorbance or fluorescence detection based on formation of a
highly stable boronate ester complex with metabolites containing an α-hydroxycarboxylate moiety. Chapter 3 describes a targeted analysis of 24 different
organic contaminants using GC-MS that can serve as biomarkers of recent smoke
exposure following search-and-rescue training exercises by firefighters located at
three different sites across the province of Ontario. Importantly, skin and possible
respiratory uptake of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, methoxyphenols,
and resin acids was confirmed by peak excretion of several wood smoke biomarkers
in urine within 6 h following acute exposure. Chapter 4 applied a cross-platform
metabolomics strategy based on CE-MS and GC-MS in order to identify and
validate dietary biomarkers in matching plasma and urine samples collected from
healthy participants in the pilot Diet and Gene Interaction Study (DIGEST). For the
first time, we demonstrate that a panel of metabolites can serve as reliable
biomarkers following contrasting Prudent and Western diets over 2 weeks of food
provisions, which correlated well with self-reported diet records. This work paves the way for the development of objective biomarkers for accurate assessment of
wood smoke exposures, as well as complex dietary patterns as required for new
advances in occupational health and nutritional epidemiology. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Exposomics is an emerging multidisciplinary science aimed at deciphering the
complex interactions that impact human health and gene expression, such as
lifestyle choices (i.e., habitual diet) and lifelong environmental exposures. There is
growing interest in identifying biomarkers that can be readily measured for chronic
disease prevention given an alarming global prevalence of obesity and
cardiometabolic disorders, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer. The
research in this thesis focuses on developing new analytical methods for identifying
and quantifying metabolites that may allow for better assessments of human health,
and has contributed to the development of novel biosensors for the targeted analysis
of N-acetylneuraminic (sialic) acid and related acidic sugars, as well as high
resolution methods for broad spectrum analysis of biotransformed organic
contaminants from smoke exposure by GC-MS, and plasma and urinary metabolites
that differentiate contrasting Prudent and Western diets and correlate well with self-reported
diet records.
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Övning ger färdighet? : Lagarbete, riskhantering och känslor i brandmäns yrkesutbildning / Practice makes perfect? : Teamwork, risk management, and emotions in firefighters´ vocational trainingBlondin, Magnus January 2014 (has links)
Brandmän arbetar i situationer av stark osäkerhet och risk. Ett fungerande lagarbete är en förutsättning för att de ska kunna hantera de faror som förekommer vid olyckor, samordna sin verksamhet, rädda byggnader och fordon, ta hand om drabbade människor och även undvika att själva bli skadade. Blivande brandmän måste alltså lära sig arbetssätt som inbegriper både samordning, interaktion och individuella insatser i en mycket speciell och krävande arbetsmiljö. Denna studie bygger på deltagande observationer och intervjuer inom den tvååriga yrkesutbildningen Skydd Mot Olyckor. I fokus står hur studenterna i komplexa insatsövningar lär sig en praktisk förståelse av lagarbetet i sitt kommande yrke. Studien analyserar hur övningarna organiseras som en samtidig rekonstruktion och simulering av operativa arbetsuppgifter. Skolans övningsverksamhet ses alltså som en del av ett bredare lärandefält och med nära relationer till räddningstjänstens operativa verksamhet. I studien ges en detaljerad bild av hur övningarna genomförs samt av hur studenterna lär sig skapa kontroll. Det gäller såväl över arbetets materiella villkor och tekniska utrustning som över sociala interaktioner i arbetslaget och emotionella reaktioner på osäkerhet och risk. Studien bygger på ett sociokulturellt lärandeperspektiv med emfas på praktik och lärande av praktisk förståelse. I studien kombineras perspektiv från sociologi och från Science-and-Technology-Studies (STS) för att fånga praktikens sociomateriella dimensioner av teknik, social koordinering och emotioner. / Firefighters work in situations of strong uncertainty and risk. A functional teamwork is a precondition in order for them to handle dangers occurring at accidents, coordinate their activity, saving buildings and vehicles, take care of victims and avoid being hurt themselves. Potential firefighters must learn working methods that involve bringing together efforts, interaction and individual achievements in a very special and demanding work environment. The study investigates how students, through their participation in complex reallife simulations of operational work, learn a practical understanding of firefighting practice. The study draws on participant observations and interviews within the two-year firefighter’s vocational training program, Skydd mot olyckor. The study analyzes how exercises are organized simultaneously as reconstruction and simulation of operational tasks. The training program is seen as part of a larger learning field with close ties to firefighting practice. The study gives a detailed account of how exercises are conducted and of how students learn to achieve control in and through work. That includes material conditions and equipment as well as social interaction within the team and emotional reactions on uncertainty and risk. The study uses a socio-cultural learning perspective with an emphasis on practice and practical understanding. Perspectives from sociology and Science-and-Technology-Studies (STS) are combined to capture the socio-material dimensions of the specific practice studied, including technology, social coordination and emotions.
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Požární stanice / fire stationPeňáz, Lubomír January 2017 (has links)
The content of this thesis is the design layout and construction of the building of new fire station in South Moravian Region. It is an object split into two interconnected parts: administrative - two-storey, basementless garage for trucks - single-storey, basementless The object is used to perform the services of eight firefighters per shift and one full-time worker. Architecture was chosen so that the object is functionally meet the requirements of firefighters on duty at both organizational (work on PS) and at the operational (exit) procedure. The building is covered with a flat roof, attic walled building on the peripheral wall with white facade and symbols accentuating the purpose of the building. The inner workings of the object are designed to meet the performance demands of service 24ti - hour shifts. The building is brick, based on the footings and load distribution base. The roof structure is made of reinforced concrete load-bearing concrete slab with heat-waterproofing layers classical arrangement of layers. The building is insulated ETICS. This - the operational part is located on the 1st and 2nd floor of the south-western part of the building, single-storey garage built for trucks in the northeastern part.
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