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Thesis advisor: Patrick Maney / Among American First Ladies, one presidential wife in particular consistently ranks among one of the most influential women to hold the office. Eleanor Roosevelt’s precedent-setting tenure in the White House established a lasting legacy that influenced many of the women who followed her. Two of these First Ladies, Betty Ford and Rosalynn Carter, are often overlooked in comparative studies of Eleanor Roosevelt with other presidential wives. Scholars typically highlight Hillary Rodham Clinton or Lady Bird Johnson, neglecting the First Ladyships of Ford and Carter. These two women, however, both pointed to Eleanor Roosevelt as an inspiration for their approach to the office. Both Betty Ford and Rosalynn Carter incorporated three main components of Eleanor Roosevelt’s impressive legacy into their tenures as First Lady of the United States: an ever-expanding public role, increased independence, and launching initiatives concerned with social welfare to improve the lives of their fellow Americans. All of these actions can be traced back to Roosevelt’s innovative First Ladyship and their appearance in the successive Ford and Carter administrations highlight the interconnectedness of all three First Ladies and their considerable impact on their country both during and after their time in the White House. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: History.

This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative content analyses to examine how news articles written by the New York Times portrayed Hillary Clinton during the 2000 New York Senate Election. The study combined research on political elections, gender stereotypes and an inductive analysis of coverage of the election to derive at four dominant frames. These frames, political activity, horserace, gender stereotype and traditional first lady were used to determine how the media responded to Hillary Clinton’s unprecedented decision to run for election. Results show that Hillary Clinton received more coverage based on her political activity than any other frame. In addition, there was no significant difference in the frames used based on the tone of the articles.

abstract: Historians often characterize first ladies in the Progressive Era as representatives of the last vestiges of Victorian womanhood in an increasingly modern society. This dissertation argues that first ladies negotiated an image of themselves that fulfilled both traditional and modern notions of womanhood. In crafting these images, first ladies constructed images of their celebrity selves that were uniquely modern. Thus, images of first ladies in the Progressive Era show them as modest and feminine but also autonomous, intelligent, and capable. Using the historian Charles Ponce de Leon's research on modern human-interest journalism, I contend that first ladies in the Progressive Era worked with the modern press in a symbiotic relationship. This relationship allowed the press exclusive access to what was, ostensibly, the first lady's private, and therefore authentic, self. By purporting to reveal parts of their private lives in the press, first ladies showed themselves as down-to-earth despite their success and fulfilled by their domestic pursuits despite their compelling public lives. By offering the press exclusive access to their lives, first ladies secured the opportunity to shape specific images of themselves to appeal, as broadly as possible, to their husbands and parties' constituents and the American public. First ladies in the Progressive Era thus acted as political figures by using both public and private, or what historian Catherine Allgor terms, "unofficial spaces" to support and reflect their husbands and parties' political agendas. In examining representations of first ladies in popular magazines and newspapers from 1901 to 1921 in tandem with letters, memoirs, and other personal papers from these women, a clear pattern emerges. Despite personal differences, first ladies in the Progressive Era represented themselves according to a specific formula in the modern press. The images, constructed by first ladies in this time period, reflect shifts in economic, social, and political life in Progressive Era America, which called for women to be independent and intelligent yet still maintain their femininity and domesticity. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. History 2011

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-09T17:46:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Lucas Cardoso dos Santos.pdf: 4345869 bytes, checksum: 41d123b138892e097b3cda36e08d7cfe (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T17:46:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Lucas Cardoso dos Santos.pdf: 4345869 bytes, checksum: 41d123b138892e097b3cda36e08d7cfe (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper has the objective to stablish a critical reflection on the political participation of first laddies in Cascavel-PR between 1990 and 2007, particularly considering their relation to public social assistance. As Brazil is a country colonized by europeans, the Christian tradition was quite influent in the colony development and for that it was part of feminine world to deal with a dark destine in which it was believed that the women were addicted to the desires of the flesh, in other words, to the sin, and this made them an object of care and constant observation by those who belonged to other social groups. That resulted on women’s imprisonment in the interior of private spaces and consequently in their social banishment. The starting point of this analysis was to look for the understanding of factors that made possible and, later on, legitimate the feminine submission to the male genre. After that, the processes that allowed the women’s insertion in social life and mainly the transformations in the social environment by their entrance in the political life articulated to the new requirements of the economic system was analyzed. The study was based on the hypothesis that the centuries of exclusion that kept women basically at home also resulted into their distance from the political matters. This way, being the politics an area of dispute and interests, it wouldn’t be compatible with the feminine ideal of innocence and purity. It was then established one of the first problematics proposed in this study, being man or woman in the Ocident becomes something much bigger than the simple physiologic difference; it involves absorbing the personal actions of each one defined socially. It was noticed that even the feminine political participation turned to social assistence was only possible due to the qualities that are considered basically feminine as abnegation, solidarity, care and others. Having mentioned that, it was analyzed the experience lived by first ladies in Cascavel-PR whose participation in the social area has been understood as support to poor people. In special, the attention was centered on the marginal childhood history of the city, once the social area is quite broad and many ones depend on it. Besides that, in the 90s Cascavel was going through a difficult time involving youngsters that exposed themselves to the street risks and entered in the drug world. / Este trabalho tem o intuito estabelecer uma reflexão crítica a respeito da participação política das primeiras damas no município de Cascavel-PR entre os anos de 1990 e 2007, particularmente, no que diz respeito sobre sua relação com o assistencialismo municipal. Sendo o Brasil um país colonizado por europeus, foi a tradição cristã muito influente no desenvolvimento da colônia e, assim, ao universo feminino coube um assombroso destino, onde a crença de que era a mulher um ser propenso aos vícios da carne, ou seja, ao pecado, tornou-a objeto de cuidados e de constante vigilância por parte das mais diversas instâncias sociais, resultando no seu aprisionamento no interior do espaço privado e consequentemente seu banimento social. O ponto de partida da análise é a busca da compreensão dos fatores que tornaram possível e, posteriormente, legítimo a submissão feminina ao gênero masculino. Na sequência, analisamos os processos que possibilitaram sua introdução no meio público e, principalmente, as transformações no meio social que permitiram sua entrada na vida política articulada às novas exigências do sistema econômico. Partimos da hipótese de que os séculos de exclusão que as trancafiaram dentro de casa também resultou no seu distanciamento das questões políticas. Assim, sendo a política um campo de disputas e interesses, este não seria compatível com o ideal feminino de ingenuidade e pureza. Portanto, estabelece-se uma das primeiras problemáticas proposta neste trabalho, melhor dizendo, ser homem ou ser mulher no ocidente, torna-se algo muito maior do que a simples diferença fisiológica, implica em absorver as condutas próprias de cada um definidas socialmente. Assim, percebe-se que, até mesmo a participação política feminina voltada para o assistencialismo só foi possível devido a qualidades que são consideradas atributos femininos como a abnegação, solidariedade, cuidados, dentre outros. Posto isso, tecemos análises sobre a experiência vivida pelas primeiras damas no município de Cascavel-PR, onde sua participação na área social tem sido compreendida como um auxílio aos pobres. Em especial, nos atemos ao histórico da infância marginal do município, uma vez que a área social é bem abrangente e muitos são os que dela necessitam, e, ao mesmo tempo, a Cascavel dos anos de 1990, passava por um difícil período envolvendo “menores” que se expunham aos riscos da rua e adentravam ao mundo das drogas.

No study to date has been uncovered in regard to the presence of First Ladies in children's biographies. However, related prior studies, such as a study on the effect of gender in scientific children's biographies (Owens, 2009) have stated that the portrayal of women in children's biographies has evolved over time. Therefore, I wondered how First ladies were portrayed in children's books, specifically biographies, for elementary aged students. Therefore, this study examined a collection of picturebook biographies written for children about First Ladies in order to explore how First Ladies are portrayed. For the purpose of this study, I chose to analyze how the roles of the First Lady was represented, both domestic and political. Across the 11 books analyzed, there were 57 mentions of political duties, including mentions of the First Lady being a political partner (15), champion of social causes (13), and a diplomat (7). Across the 11 books analyzed, there were 20 mentions of domestic duties, including wife, mother, and hostess. According to this research, the books, as a sample, have shown a bigger focus on the political achievements of the First Lady over their domestic life, including being a wife and mother while being First Lady.

The subject of this diploma thesis is media image of the Czech first ladies in the period 1993-2020. The office of the first lady is not official in the Czech Republic, so each lady determines for herself what she will do during the term of office. Czech media monitor the activities of the first ladies and, on the basis of their activities, assign certain roles to them. According to this information, which is presented to the audience, the public forms an opinion about the wives of the presidents. The aim of this thesis is to describe a media image of all Czech first ladies in the years 1993-2020. To obtain their media images, articles from the daily newspapers, from Lidové noviny and Blesk were chosen. To achieve these results, a qualitative content analysis was chosen and complemented by a quantitative content analysis. Due to insufficient resources in the field of research of the first Czech ladies, foreign literature was used in the theoretical part. The final part of this thesis contains answers to research questions, a comparison of differences in coverage of the first ladies in two different types of media and the resulting media images of all Czech first ladies.