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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Developing and Validating a Complete Second-order Polarizable Force Field for Proteins

Li, Xinbi 27 April 2015 (has links)
One of the central tasks for biomolecular modeling is to develop accurate and computationally cheap methods. In this dissertation, we present the development of a brand new polarizable force field—Polarizable Simulations with Second order Interaction Model (POSSIM) involving electrostatic polarization. The POSSIM framework combines accuracy of a polarizable force field and computational efficiency of the second-order approximation of the full-scale induced point dipole polarization formalism. POSSIM force field has been extended to include parameters for small molecules serving as models for peptide and protein side-chains. Parameters have been fitted to permit reproducing many-body energies, gas-phase dimerization energies and geometries and liquid-phase heats of vaporization and densities. Quantum mechanical and experimental data have been used as the target for the fitting. The resulting parameters can be used for simulations of the parameterized molecules themselves or their analogues. In addition to this, these force field parameters have been employed in further development of the POSSIM fast polarizable force field for proteins. The POSSIM framework has been expanded to include a complete polarizable force field for proteins. Most of the parameter fitting was done to high-level quantum mechanical data. Conformational geometries and energies for dipeptides have been reproduced within average errors of ca. 0.5 kcal/mol for energies of the conformers (for the electrostatically neutral residues) and 9.7º for key dihedral angles. We have also validated this force field by simulating an elastin-like polypeptide GVG(VPGVG)3 in aqueous solution. Elastin-like peptides with the (VPGVG)n motif are known to exhibit anomalous behavior of their radius of gyration that increases when temperature is lowered (the so called inverse temperature transition). We have simulated the system with the OPLS-AA and POSSIM force fields and demonstrated that our newly developed polarizable POSSIM parameters permit to capture the experimentally observed decrease of the radius of gyration with increasing temperature, while the fixed-charges OPLS-AA ones do not. Furthermore, our fitting of the force field parameters for the peptides and proteins has been streamlined compared with the previous generation of the complete polarizable force field and relied more on transferability of parameters for non-bonded interactions (including the electrostatic component). The resulting deviations from the quantum mechanical data are similar to those achieved with the previous generation, thus the technique is robust and the parameters are transferable. At the same time, the number of parameters used in this work was noticeably smaller than that of the previous generation of our complete polarizable force field for proteins, thus the transferability of this set can be expected to be greater and the danger of force field fitting artifacts is lower. Therefore, we believe that this force field can be successfully applied in a wide variety of applications to proteins and protein-ligand complexes.
112

Atomic Force Microscopy: Lateral-Force Calibration and Force-Curve Analysis

Anderson, Evan V 26 April 2012 (has links)
This thesis reflects two advances in atomic force microscopy. The first half is a new lateral force calibration procedure, which, in contrast to existing procedures, is independent of sample and cantilever shape, simple, direct, and quick. The second half is a high-throughput method for processing, fitting, and analyzing force curves taken on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in an effort to inspire better care for statistics and increase measurement precision.
113

Apparel E-Commerce and Fitting Enabling Technologies

Hirt, Katharina January 2012 (has links)
Given that not even 10% of clothing is sold online, apparel e-commerce faces major challenges as opposed to traditional apparel shopping or e-commerce of digital goods. Due to the constantly increasing online business, it is essential to optimize the online apparel purchase process, for it to become more competitive. Perceived product risk and return rates– for apparel– are exceptionally high. Fitting and size uncertainty is the key reason to both purchase hesitance as well as number of returns. In this study it is investigated whether fitting enabling technologies (FETs) can benefit apparel e-commerce by making the purchase process more efficient and solving the aforementioned complications. Focus here is put onto three main fitting technologies: Fits.Me, UPcload and Virtusize. In order to serve the study purpose, subjects of research included the classification of apparel goods, the theory of perceived risk as well as technology acceptance. The measures of the technological acceptance model (TAM) were used to examine and evaluate the applications. These were ‘skills’, ‘perceived ease of use’, ‘perceived enjoyment’, ‘perceived usefulness’ and ‘post-purchase evaluation’. The method was based on a deductive approach, first examining theory and then confirming results practically. A general online observation of diverse (fitting) enabling technologies paired with extensive literature research of accompanying topics, lead to the selection of three case technologies, which could be tested and evaluated based on the components of the literature review. Closing the gap between retailer and consumer in order to create purchase process efficiency could be achieved. Purchase hesitance due to the inability of physical examination of intangible apparel goods could be minimized through the integration of FETs. The measures of the TAM were tested overall positively in regard to the technologies in the e-tail context. The online apparel purchase process had been aligned with the conventional buying procedure and consequently generated the same benefits, allowing apparel e-commerce to finally achieve competitive advantage, to potentially substitute traditional apparel shopping and to eventually build upon a consistent and coherent international size infrastructure. / Program: Master programme in Applied Textile Management
114

Some techniques of data analysis

Nussbaum, Jeremy Howard January 1979 (has links)
Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1979. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Jeremy Howard Nussbaum. / B.S.
115

Determinação da curva aproximadora pela composição de curvas de Bézier e aplicação do recozimento simulado. / Curve fitting by composition of Bezier curves and simulated annealing

Ueda, Edson Kenji 12 February 2015 (has links)
Determinar curvas a partir de uma série da pontos é uma tarefa importante e muito utilizada em CAD. Este trabalho propõe um algoritmo para determinar uma curva aproximadora representada por diversas curvas de Bézier em sequência a partir de uma sequência de pontos. É utilizada uma abordagem de curvas de Bézier por trechos, onde cada trecho possui continuidade C1-fraca. A otimização é feita pelo recozimento simulado com vizinhança adaptativa que minimiza a soma das distâncias de cada ponto da sequência à curva aproximadora e utiliza o comprimento da curva aproximadora como um fator de regularização. Adicionalmente, é utilizado o recozimento simulado multi-objetivo que avalia a influência da soma das distâncias de cada ponto à curva e do comprimento da curva separadamente. Também é feita uma comparação entre a técnica de ajuste de curvas e a técnica de interpolação de curvas. / The task of determining a curve from a set of points is very important in CAD. This work proposes an algorithm to determine a sequence of Bézier curves that approximate a sequence of points. The piecewise Bézier curve is used, where each curve has C1- weak continuity. The optimization is done using the simulated annealing with adaptive neighborhood aiming at minimizing the sum of the distances from each point of the sequence to the generated curve. The length of this curve is used as a regularization factor. In addition, it is used a multi-objective simulated annealing that evaluates the influence of the sum of the distances from each point to the generated curve, and the curves length. It is also done a comparison between curve fitting and curve interpolation techniques.
116

Avaliação das armaduras de tração de riser flexível durante ensaios axiais de tração e fadiga

Bueno, Antonio Fernando Burkert January 2010 (has links)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as tensões atuantes no conjunto conector e duto flexível de camadas não aderentes durante ensaios com carregamentos axiais de tração e fadiga. Estes ensaios são utilizados para a qualificação de dutos flexíveis. Foram desenvolvidos e patenteados alguns modelos de conectores contemplando apenas a parte estrutural. Ensaios preliminares de tração e fadiga, com dois conectores diferentes e um segmento de riser de dimensões reduzidas, foram realizados visando a seleção do modelo de melhor desempenho em um pórtico. O conector de melhor desempenho foi então ensaiado em uma bancada com dimensões que atendessem ao documento da Petrobras a I-ET 3500.00.6500-291-PAZ-001 - Non standartized Prototype qualification tests of flexible pipes (2007). Tanto os ensaios do pórtico como o de bancada, foram monitorados com strain gages colados nos tendões da armadura externa de tração próximos aos conectores. O foco deste trabalho está nas armaduras de tração na interface com a resina do conector. Questões quanto ao desempenho da mesma em fadiga são de grande importância prática. Complementando a parte experimental, foram construídos modelos sólidos tridimensionais, baseados no Método dos Elementos Finitos para análise das tensões. A comparação dos resultados das diferentes metodologias validou o modelo numérico possibilitando melhor entendimento das variações de tensões nas armaduras de tração na interface com os conectores. Isso possibilitou responder a importantes questões quanto ao desempenho em fadiga bem como possíveis melhorias no projeto de conectores para dutos flexíveis. Existem trabalhos referentes à análise de tensões dos tendões nos conectores considerando o estado plano de tensões. O presente estudo dos tendões usando modelos tridimensionais, abordagem não encontrada em literatura aberta, avalia melhor a concentração de tensões nos tendões na entrada do conector. A motivação deste estudo se deve tanto à falta de informações detalhadas das tensões e deformações nos tendões na interface com o conector, como pela importância das mesmas, em componentes vitais à explotação de petróleo Offshore. / This aim of this work is to evaluate stresses which actuate on a system made up of a unbonded flexible pipe and a end fitting during static and dynamic axial loading mechanical tests. These tests are used as a means of qualification of flexible pipes. The structural design of models of end fittings were developed and patented. Preliminary static and dynamic tests with two different end fittings and a smalldimensioned riser segment were performed in a frame in view of selecting the bestperforming type. After this evaluation, the end fitting with the best performance was tested in a rig with dimensions according to Petrobras document I-ET 3500.00.6500-291-PAZ- 001 - Non standartized Prototype qualification tests of flexible pipes (2007). Tests performed in the frame and on the rig were monitored with resistance strain gages attached to wires of the external armor, on the interface with the end fitting resin, since performance of this region under fatigue is of utmost practical importance. Three-dimensional solid models were built using the Finite Element Modelling (FEM) method, as a way of validating experimental results. Comparison of results obtained from the different methodologies validated the numerical model, allowing a better understanding of the variations of stresses in the interface of the riser with the end fitting. This led to the solution of many doubts regarding fatigue performance as well as possible improvements in the design of flexible riser end fittings. Existing work published in literature considers only plane stress; the present study, based on 3D models which are not found in literature, is thought to better describe the stress concentration on the wires at the end fitting interface. The motivation of this work relies on the lack of detailed information of the stress and strain to which wires are subjected at the interface with the end fitting, as well as the importance of these in vital components for offshore oil exploration.
117

Eliminação de artefatos de estímulo em potenciais evocados somatossensitivos. / Removal of stimulus artifact in somatosensory evoked potentials.

Alberto Mitsuo Oyama 09 November 2010 (has links)
Os potenciais evocados têm uma consagrada utilização em clínica. Sua obtenção é dificultada pela presença de outros sinais biológicos, de artefatos de movimento, de ruído eletrônico, de interferência da rede elétrica e de artefatos de estímulo. A média síncrona ou promediação é um método que elimina os sinais que não estejam sincronizados com a estimulação, incluindo os outros sinais biológicos, os artefatos de movimento, o ruído e a interferência. No entanto, esse método não consegue eliminar os artefatos de estímulo. Outros métodos devem ser usados para essa tarefa. Para esses métodos, a eliminação do artefato de estímulo é bem sucedida quando o artefato não se sobrepõe ao potencial evocado. Porém, para uma captação próxima ao local de estimulação, a sobreposição ocorre e dificulta a eliminação do artefato de estímulo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estudar a variação da amplitude e latência do pico do potencial evocado e sua influência nas estimativas da amplitude, da latência e do erro quadrático médio. Para potenciais evocados em que houve sobreposição com o artefato, o erro médio quadrático sempre foi reduzido com a remoção do artefato de estímulo. O erro de medição da latência foi reduzido a praticamente zero, independentemente da amplitude do potencial evocado. Por outro lado, o método inseriu erro na medição da amplitude de potenciais evocados grandes. Por isso, nesse caso específico de atraso pequeno e amplitude grande, a medição da amplitude deve ser feita diretamente no sinal antes da remoção do artefato de estímulo. Comparando a ocorrência de sobreposição com os locais de captação do potencial evocado, pode-se afirmar que, para o modelo de artefato de estímulo usado neste trabalho, a necessidade de se aplicar o procedimento de remoção de artefato se restringiu aos potenciais evocados captados no cotovelo, para estimulação do nervo mediano tanto no punho quanto na mão. / Evoked potentials have been used in clinics. Their measurement is hindered by the presence of other biological signals, movement artifacts, electronic noise, power-line interference, and stimulus artifacts. Synchronous averaging is a method that eliminates the signals that are not synchronized with the stimulation, including other biological signals, movement artifacts, noise and interference. However, this method fails to eliminate stimulus artifacts. Other methods must be used in this task. Using these methods, one can obtain success in the stimulus artifact elimination, whenever the artifact does not superimpose with the evoked potential. Nevertheless, for a measurement close to the stimulation site, the superimposition is a fact that hinders the elimination of the stimulus artifact. The objective of this Masters thesis was to study the variation of the amplitude and latency of an evoked potential and verify their influence on the amplitude and latency estimates, as well as on the mean square error. For evoked potentials in which there was superposition, the mean square error was always reduced by the removal of the stimulus artifact. Latency measurement errors were reduced to zero, regardless of the evoked potential amplitude. However, this method inserted amplitude measurement errors for large evoked potentials. So, in the case of short delays and large amplitudes, amplitude measurements should be performed directly on the signal, before stimulus artifact removal. By comparing the presence of superposition with the evoked potential recording sites, one may state that, for the stimulus artifact model used in this work, the need to apply the artifact removal procedure was restricted to the evoked potentials recorded on the elbow, for median nerve stimulation both on wrist and hand.
118

Desenvolvimento de um algoritmo híbrido de fotometria estelar a partir de imagens do espaço. / Development of a hybrid algorithm for time-resolved stellar photometry from space images.

Kleber Iguchi 26 November 2010 (has links)
CoRoT (Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) é uma missão espacial liderada pela Agência Espacial Francesa (CNES) em associação com diversos parceiros internacionais, entre eles o Brasil. Seus objetivos principais são o estudo da sismologia estelar e a procura por planetas extra-solares (exoplanetas). Ambos os programas científicos baseiam-se em uma fotometria de altíssima precisão e requerem observações ininterruptas de longa duração, possíveis somente a partir do espaço. Uma revisão da literatura indica a existência de três técnicas principais para a realização de fotometria estelar a partir de imagens capturadas em CCDs: fotometria por máscara (por abertura), por ajuste de limiar (por threshold), e por ajuste da resposta impulsiva do sistema de aquisição de imagens. A fotometria por máscara, ou por abertura, apresenta maior precisão para o registro de estrelas brilhantes, em cenários de maior estabilidade de atitude do satélite (situação de baixo jitter), e é a solução adotada a bordo pelo satélite CoRoT, por ser um algoritmo determinístico. A fotometria por ajuste da resposta impulsiva, também chamada de função de espalhamento do ponto (point-spread function, PSF), por sua vez, por levar em conta a resposta do sistema a uma fonte pontual de luz, permite a restauração da imagem original através de processos de deconvolução; apresenta maior precisão para estrelas fracas, ou em um cenário degradado, com perturbações devidas a radiação externa (stray light), ou em que o jitter de atitude do satélite seja elevado. Tal robustez é uma característica desejada no processo de restauração de imagens. Já a fotometria por threshold é aplicada somente em casos de jitter muito elevado e pobre conhecimento da resposta impulsiva do sistema, de modo que não é utilizada no satélite CoRoT. Este trabalho visa consolidar e potencializar a participação brasileira no projeto CoRoT e contribuir com os esforços associados à redução de dados da missão, através de uma proposta inovadora de fotometria híbrida, que se utilizará dos conhecimentos da PSF modelada do instrumento e da alta relação sinal/ruído alcançada com a fotometria por máscara realizada a bordo, baseada e fundamentada em resultados preliminares que atestam o potencial desta metodologia. Tal algoritmo permite um ganho substancial de precisão fotométrica em relação à técnica de abertura, resultando em uma melhor exploração dos dados disponíveis, dada a sua robustez em caso de degradação dos dados de entrada. / CoRoT (Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) is a high precision photometry experience dedicated to stellar seismology and the search for extrasolar planets. The mission is led by the French Space Agency (CNES) in association with several French laboratories and international partners in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Spain and Brazil. Both scientific programs require great instrumental stability and long, uninterrupted observation runs, which take place simultaneously on adjacent regions of the sky. An overview of the literature displays three main techniques to perform stellar photometry from space CCD images: aperture photometry, threshold photometry and PSF-fitting photometry. Aperture photometry defines a mask which represents the CCD pixels to be summed up in the computation of the collected photon flux for a given star. This method presents very high precision for isolated, bright stars and for stable satellite attitude (low jitter scenarios). It is the data reduction technique implemented on-board, due both to link capacity constraints (given the large number of targets simultaneously observed by the instrument) and to its deterministic algorithm. Fitting photometry allows restoration of degraded stellar images through deconvolution processes, using the point spread function (PSF) of the optical instrument itself. This technique presents better performance for crowded fields and for faint stars; it also presents robustness in the presence of disturbances such as stray light or high satellite attitude jitter. Finally, threshold photometry takes into account only those pixels whose values are above a given pre-computed level. This method is used only in scenarios with excessive satellite depointing due to attitude jitter, or in cases where the instrumental PSF is poorly known. Therefore, it is not used in the CoRoT mission. This work intends to consolidate and strengthen the Brazilian share in the CoRoT Project, contributing to the efforts associated to the ground-based reduction of scientific data, through an innovative, hybrid photometry technique, which will take advantage of a high-resolution instrumental PSF and of the high signal-to-noise-ratio obtained in the on-board aperture photometry. Studies here described show that this methodology, compared to the Aperture technique, achieves gains in photometric precision and in the operational duty cycle, enabling robust and accurate data exploitation.
119

Desenvolvimento de um algoritmo híbrido de fotometria estelar a partir de imagens do espaço. / Development of a hybrid algorithm for time-resolved stellar photometry from space images.

Iguchi, Kleber 26 November 2010 (has links)
CoRoT (Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) é uma missão espacial liderada pela Agência Espacial Francesa (CNES) em associação com diversos parceiros internacionais, entre eles o Brasil. Seus objetivos principais são o estudo da sismologia estelar e a procura por planetas extra-solares (exoplanetas). Ambos os programas científicos baseiam-se em uma fotometria de altíssima precisão e requerem observações ininterruptas de longa duração, possíveis somente a partir do espaço. Uma revisão da literatura indica a existência de três técnicas principais para a realização de fotometria estelar a partir de imagens capturadas em CCDs: fotometria por máscara (por abertura), por ajuste de limiar (por threshold), e por ajuste da resposta impulsiva do sistema de aquisição de imagens. A fotometria por máscara, ou por abertura, apresenta maior precisão para o registro de estrelas brilhantes, em cenários de maior estabilidade de atitude do satélite (situação de baixo jitter), e é a solução adotada a bordo pelo satélite CoRoT, por ser um algoritmo determinístico. A fotometria por ajuste da resposta impulsiva, também chamada de função de espalhamento do ponto (point-spread function, PSF), por sua vez, por levar em conta a resposta do sistema a uma fonte pontual de luz, permite a restauração da imagem original através de processos de deconvolução; apresenta maior precisão para estrelas fracas, ou em um cenário degradado, com perturbações devidas a radiação externa (stray light), ou em que o jitter de atitude do satélite seja elevado. Tal robustez é uma característica desejada no processo de restauração de imagens. Já a fotometria por threshold é aplicada somente em casos de jitter muito elevado e pobre conhecimento da resposta impulsiva do sistema, de modo que não é utilizada no satélite CoRoT. Este trabalho visa consolidar e potencializar a participação brasileira no projeto CoRoT e contribuir com os esforços associados à redução de dados da missão, através de uma proposta inovadora de fotometria híbrida, que se utilizará dos conhecimentos da PSF modelada do instrumento e da alta relação sinal/ruído alcançada com a fotometria por máscara realizada a bordo, baseada e fundamentada em resultados preliminares que atestam o potencial desta metodologia. Tal algoritmo permite um ganho substancial de precisão fotométrica em relação à técnica de abertura, resultando em uma melhor exploração dos dados disponíveis, dada a sua robustez em caso de degradação dos dados de entrada. / CoRoT (Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) is a high precision photometry experience dedicated to stellar seismology and the search for extrasolar planets. The mission is led by the French Space Agency (CNES) in association with several French laboratories and international partners in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Spain and Brazil. Both scientific programs require great instrumental stability and long, uninterrupted observation runs, which take place simultaneously on adjacent regions of the sky. An overview of the literature displays three main techniques to perform stellar photometry from space CCD images: aperture photometry, threshold photometry and PSF-fitting photometry. Aperture photometry defines a mask which represents the CCD pixels to be summed up in the computation of the collected photon flux for a given star. This method presents very high precision for isolated, bright stars and for stable satellite attitude (low jitter scenarios). It is the data reduction technique implemented on-board, due both to link capacity constraints (given the large number of targets simultaneously observed by the instrument) and to its deterministic algorithm. Fitting photometry allows restoration of degraded stellar images through deconvolution processes, using the point spread function (PSF) of the optical instrument itself. This technique presents better performance for crowded fields and for faint stars; it also presents robustness in the presence of disturbances such as stray light or high satellite attitude jitter. Finally, threshold photometry takes into account only those pixels whose values are above a given pre-computed level. This method is used only in scenarios with excessive satellite depointing due to attitude jitter, or in cases where the instrumental PSF is poorly known. Therefore, it is not used in the CoRoT mission. This work intends to consolidate and strengthen the Brazilian share in the CoRoT Project, contributing to the efforts associated to the ground-based reduction of scientific data, through an innovative, hybrid photometry technique, which will take advantage of a high-resolution instrumental PSF and of the high signal-to-noise-ratio obtained in the on-board aperture photometry. Studies here described show that this methodology, compared to the Aperture technique, achieves gains in photometric precision and in the operational duty cycle, enabling robust and accurate data exploitation.
120

Modeling and Parameter Estimation of Sea Clutter Intensity in Thermal Noise

January 2019 (has links)
abstract: A critical problem for airborne, ship board, and land based radars operating in maritime or littoral environments is the detection, identification and tracking of targets against backscattering caused by the roughness of the sea surface. Statistical models, such as the compound K-distribution (CKD), were shown to accurately describe two separate structures of the sea clutter intensity fluctuations. The first structure is the texture that is associated with long sea waves and exhibits long temporal decorrelation period. The second structure is the speckle that accounts for reflections from multiple scatters and exhibits a short temporal decorrelation period from pulse to pulse. Existing methods for estimating the CKD model parameters do not include the thermal noise power, which is critical for real sea clutter processing. Estimation methods that include the noise power are either computationally intensive or require very large data records. This work proposes two new approaches for accurately estimating all three CKD model parameters, including noise power. The first method integrates, in an iterative fashion, the noise power estimation, using one-dimensional nonlinear curve fitting, with the estimation of the shape and scale parameters, using closed-form solutions in terms of the CKD intensity moments. The second method is similar to the first except it replaces integer-based intensity moments with fractional moments which have been shown to achieve more accurate estimates of the shape parameter. These new methods can be implemented in real time without requiring large data records. They can also achieve accurate estimation performance as demonstrated with simulated and real sea clutter observation datasets. The work also investigates the numerically computed Cram\'er-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the variance of the shape parameter estimate using intensity observations in thermal noise with unknown power. Using the CRLB, the asymptotic estimation performance behavior of the new estimators is studied and compared to that of other estimators. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2019

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