No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Economic sanctions are a tool of achieving peace and have become increasingly important in research lately, as it is a more current question than ever. With the Russian war on Ukraine, countries have been sending sanctions in the hopes of financially straining Russia. The purpose of the study is to investigate how sending sanctions to a main trading partner is associated with the economic development of the sender. The study was based on the gravity model as well as economic development determinants. We employed a panel data analysis regarding 19 countries. A Fixed Effect model was used in order to regress the relationship between sending sanctions and the economic development of the sanctioning states economy between the years 1990 and 2021. At a 5% significance level, we did not find any correlation between annual growth of Gross Domestic Product per capita and sanctioned years, however the findings showed that there was a statistically significant negative correlation between sending sanctions and the economic growth of the sender at a 10% significance level. Governmental institutions can use these findings to carefully consider sanction decisions and their potential impact on the economy in the future.

Abstract  Objective:The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the influence of a cantilever on marginal bone loss (MBL) around dental implants supporting 3-unit partial fixed prostheses.  Materials and methods:Retrospective data were collected from dental records of patients at a specialist clinic in Malmö, Sweden, covering the period from 1980 to 2018. Only implants not lost and with baseline radiographs taken within 12 months after implant placement and with a minimum of 36 months of radiological follow-up were considered for the analysis of MBL. Univariate linear regression models and a final linear mixed-effects model were used to analyze the results.  Results:139 patients (64 men and 75 women) were included in our study, with 161 implant- supported FDPs undergoing radiological follow-up over at least 36 months. These patients had 428 implants (95 and 333 implants supporting prostheses with and without cantilever, respectively). Total number of double measurements for marginal bone level was 2,909, including 2,238 without cantilever and 671 with cantilever. There was a significant relationship between MBL over time the presence of cantilever, patient’s sex, implant surface, bone quality of the implant site, and bruxism.  Conclusion: MBL around dental implants supporting 3-unit partial fixed prostheses over time was significantly influenced by cantilever.  Keywords: Implant-supported fixed partial prosthesis, cantilever, marginal bone loss / Sammanfattning  Syfte: Syftet med den föreliggande retrospektiva studien var att undersöka inverkan av en kantilverburen protetisk arm på marginal benförlust runt tandimplantat som stödjer korta partiella fasta proteser. Material och metod:Det fanns 139 patienter med i vår studiegrupp (64 män och 75 kvinnor) med 161 implantatstödda FDPs som hade en röntgenologisk uppföljning under minst 36 månader. Den beskrivande datan om fallen baserades på data som samlats in från patienternas journaler gällande ålder och andra faktorer som analyserades. Studien baseras på data som samlats in från patienternas journaler mellan 1980 och 2018 på en specialistklinik i Malmö, Sverige där röntgenbilder har analyserats för att mäta benförlust runt implantat. Statistiska analyser har utförts för att utvärdera resultaten i förhållande till kantilever samt olika patientfaktorer. Resultat:Den totala mängden dubbelmättningar för marginala bennivån var 2909 st, där 2238 st var utan kantilever och 671 var med kantilever. Genom vårt resultat kunde man se ett signifikant samband mellan förlust av marginalt ben (MBL) och flera faktorer, såsom kantileverburen arm, kön, implantatyta, benkvalitet och bruxism. Slutsats: MBL runt 3-unit implantat-

This paper addresses the pressing problem of the surge in crime in Sweden, which has led to substantial uncertainty about its underlying causes. By investigating the correlation between socio-economic factors and crime on a municipality level from 2015 to 2020, we aim to provide valuable insights into understanding and effectively tackling this issue. Specifically, we examine the role of male immigrants, income, education level, and population density, contributing to the field of economics by shedding light on potential economic policies that can effectively reduce overall crime rates. Additionally, we focus on gun violence, considering Sweden's notorious reputation in recent years, to comprehensively analyze the relationship between these factors and crime. Our empirical analysis, employing the Fixed Effects Model and Pearson Correlation Matrix, explores these connections, revealing both inconclusive evidence regarding the link between immigration and crime and ambiguous conclusions for the remaining independent variables. These findings have important implications for policymakers striving to address the urgent problem of rising crime in Sweden.

Med målet att landa fastvingedrönare på en liten yta utfördes ett projekt som implementerade en ballistisk landning i simulation. Projektet utfördes på initiativ av Sjöräddningssällskapet som har utvecklat en fastvingedrönare som behöver kunna landa på en båt. Projektet var en del av ett kandidatarbete inom ämnet programvaruteknik med syfte attbesvara hur landningen kunde skapa värde för kunden, vilka erfarenheter för framtidensom projektgruppen kunde dokumentera och vilket stöd projektgruppen fick från att använda en systemanatomi. För att besvara frågeställningarna utarbetade projektgruppen en kravspecifikation och ensystemanatomi samt utförde projektet med kontinuerliga utvärderingar under projektetsgång. Vid utvecklingen användes en variant av Scrum. Som resultat implementerades engrundläggande version av en ballistisk landning. Dokument skapades för utvecklingenoch gemensamma erfarenheter samlades in genom utvärderingar och möten. Projektgruppen fick många lärdomar om att arbeta i och planera större projekt vilket diskuteras i rapporten. Projektet och den utvecklade landningens hållbarhetsaspekter utvärderades.

Detta examensarbete handlar om att ta fram ett koncept på alternativa borstar och en bottenplåt i alternativt material för Weda W50. Anledningen till detta är att dagens borstar kräver ständig och noggrann rengöring för att inte haverera samt att bottenplåten orsakar elektrolytisk korrosion på resterande komponenter. För att kunna uppnå godtagbara resultat har metoder som idégenerering, materialsökning, modellering samt prototypframtagning använts. I genomförandefasen har tester utförts för att få en demonstration på hur de slutgiltiga komponenterna kommer att fungera i praktiken. Efter en avslutad genomförandefas blev resultatet fasta borstar med omdesignade länkarmar samt en bottenplåt i ABS-plast, vilket presenterats med både 3D-modellering och i fysisk komponent. Därmed har målen och syftet med detta examensarbete uppfyllts. / The purpose of this thesis is to examine and generate alternative concepts for the pool brushes and bottom plates used in the W50 underwater cleaning robot. The reason is that the current rotating brushes used on the W50 require thorough and consistent servicing to function as advertised, the other cause is that the bottom plate is produced in stainless steel which causes electrolytic corrosion on the surfaces of other components that are made in aluminum. Brainstorming, material research, 3D-modeling and prototyping were used to achieve tangible results. Several tests were conducted during the execution phase to give a live demonstration of how the final product is meant to perform. The results of the execution phase became fixed brushes for the W50, redesigned control arms and a bottom plate in ABS plastic. The results of this thesis work were demonstrated with the help of both 3D-modeling and physical models. Finally, the goals and purposes of this thesis were achieved.

[pt] A seleção de um portfolio de renda fixa é um problema comumente enfrentado pelos agentes do mercado financeiro. A alocação ótima destes ativos melhora o nível de rentabilidade e lucratividade da instituição. Um dos trade-offs rotineiramente encontrado pelos gestores destas carteiras é decidir entre a compra de títulos pré-fixados e pós-fixados de curto prazo ou longo prazo, sendo que estes últimos no geral rendem mais devido ao prêmio de risco. Tais títulos, apesar de terem a sua rentabilidade já definida no momento da compra, podem ser vendidos a qualquer momento e sua nova rentabilidade estará sujeitas às marcações a mercado. O retorno da carteira composta por estes títulos é portanto uma variável aleatória que torna necessário o controle dos riscos de perda deste portfolio. O presente estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver um modelo de otimização da rentabilidade de uma carteira composta somente por títulos prefixados do tesouro nacional, com restrições ao nível de risco expresso através do Conditional Value at Risk. Após tal, foram realizados backtests para medir o desempenho do modelo e comparar a sua rentabilidade com o índice CDI. Os testes mostraram que o modelo apresenta resultados bons em rentabilidade e resultados satisfatórios em termos de controle de risco. / [en] Fixed-income portfolio selection is a common problem faced by financial market agents. The optimal allocation of these assets improves the profitability of institutions. A trade-off routinely found by the managers of these portfolios is deciding between buying floating rate securities or short-term or long-term fixed-rate securities, while the latter generally has a higher yield due to risk premium. Despite fixed rate securities have their return already set at the moment of purchase, they can be sold at any time and the new return will be subject to the current market prices. Since the return of a portfolio holding these securities is a random variable, we argue for the importance of a risk assessment and control a fixed income security portfolio. This study aimmed to develop an optimization model of return with a portfolio composed only on fixed and floating rate bonds from Brazil s sovereign treasury, using risk restrictions expressed on the Conditional Value at Risk measure. After that, backtestswere performed to measure model efficiency and compare its return to the Brazilian s Interbank rate. The tests have shown good results in profitability and risk control.

In the relatively sparse field of economics of prostitution, studies have in recent years investigated the relationship between prostitution legislation and the presence of sex trafficking. This study investigates the issue further by using both a cross country model with time fixed effects and a country fixed effect model to estimate the effect on the amount of sex trafficking of changing legislation to the so-called Nordic Model, something no other known study has managed to do. In contrast to what previous research has estimated, this thesis finds no significant effect on sex trafficking from changing legislation to the Nordic Model. The obvious difficulties of presenting reliable data on an illegal activity such as sex trafficking and the fact that few countries have changed their legislation to the Nordic Model are likely reasons to the insignificant results and cautions against a causal interpretation.