This thesis examines a collection of three songs, "In Flanders Fields," "He Is There!," and "Tom Sails Away," written by Charles Ives in 1917, from primarily a literary perspective involving Transcendentalism and intertextuality. Ives's aesthetic builds upon the principles of Transcendentalism. I examine these songs using the principles outlined by the nineteenth-century Transcendentalists, and Ives's interpretations of these beliefs. Another characteristic of Ives's music is quotation. "Intertextuality" describes an interdependence of literary texts through quotation. I also examine these songs using the principles of intertextuality and Ives's uses of intertextual elements. Familiarity with the primary sources Ives quotes and the texts they suggest adds new meaning to his works. Transcendentalism and intertextuality create a greater understanding of Ives's conflicting views of the morality of war.

En 1685, l’édit de Nantes est révoqué. La législation royale et les dragonnades contraignent les protestants à abjurer. Si certains acceptent la conversion au catholicisme, d’autres choisissent l’illégalité, à savoir l’exil vers les Pays du Grand Refuge ou la pratique clandestine de leur religion. L’édit de Fontainebleau est enregistré par le conseil souverain de Tournai, cour érigée en parlement en 1686. Les représentants de la justice du roi sont chargés de faire respecter lesdispositions de l’édit dans une province nouvellement conquise qui possède sa propre histoire religieuse et dont la situation frontalière favorise l’exil.L’objet de cette étude est d’analyser l’application de la Révocation dans les provinces de Flandre et du Hainaut-Cambrésis et ses conséquences sur les protestants locaux. Les magistrats et les intendants, influencés ou non par les particularismes de ces provinces, ont-ils favorisé l‘exécution rigoureuse de la législation ou au contraire ont-ils préféré la clémence? L’exil massif des protestants,surtout d’autres provinces françaises, et la crainte d’une détérioration de l’économie du royaume rendent en effet difficile l’application stricte de la législation. / In 1685, the Edict of Nantes is revoked. Royal legislation and “dragonnades” compel the Protestants to abjure. If some accept conversion to Catholicism, others choose illegality, more precisely emigration to the protestants Countries or clandestine practice of their religion. The edict of Fontainebleau is enacted by the sovereign council of Tournai, a court erected in parliament in 1686. The representatives of the king's justice are responsible for enforcing the provisions in a newly conquered border province which has its own religious history and favors, due toits situation, exile abroad.The purpose of this study is to analyse the application of the Revocation in the provinces of Flanders and Hainaut-Cambrésis and its consequences on local Protestants. Did the juges and the intendants, influenced or not by the specific characteristics of these provinces, favor the enforcementof legislation, or, on the contrary, were they rather lenient? The massive exile of Protestants of other French provinces and the fear of a deterioration of the Kingdom's economy made it difficult to enforce the legislation strictly.

There is no abstract available for this thesis. / Department of History

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1966. / Sponsor: Arno A. Bellack, . Dissertation Committee: Roger Anderson. Authorized reprint of the original edition produced by University Microfilms, inc., in 1969. "The purpose of this study is to analyze ... the studies of Bellack, Flanders, Hughes, Smith, and Taba."--leaf 3. Includes bibliography.

Entre 1477 et 1493, l’État bourguignon traversa la plus grave crise de son existence. Face à Louis XI, les successeurs de Charles le Téméraire durent d’abord défendre l’intégrité territoriale de leurs possessions. À l’intérieur de celles-ci, ils furent confrontés aux revendications des villes de Flandre et de Brabant, porteuses d’un projet politique fondé sur l’autonomie urbaine. Au contexte politique très difficile, s’ajoute une conjoncture défavorable, en raison du très haut niveau des salaires, et donc du coût de la guerre, à la fin du XVe siècle. Les structures financières et militaires de l’État bourguignon montrèrent très vite leurs limites, obligeant les capitaines de Maximilien de Habsbourg à vivre d’expédients, de réquisitions et de pillages. Après la défaite des rebelles de Flandre, de Hollande et de Brabant, l’État bourguignon, désormais recentré sur les Pays-Bas, poursuivit son intégration sous le règne de Philippe le Beau. L’acceptation d’une fiscalité commune, débattue dans les assemblées représentatives des principautés et aux États généraux, est au cœur de ce processus. / Between 1477 and 1493, the Burgundian state was confronted with the most serious crisis of its history. Against Louis XI, the successors of Charles the Bold had to defend the territorial integrity of his heritage. Within the Burgundian Netherlands, they were challenged by the claims of the largest Flemish and Brabantine cities, who promoted a political agenda based on urban autonomy. Besides the political background, the economic environment raised other difficulties, owing to the general high level of wages, which dramatically increased the cost of war at the end of the XVth century. The fiscal and military structures of the Burgundian state quickly found their limits and collapsed several times, forcing Maximilian’s captains to live by one’s wits, requisitioning supplies, extorting money or plundering the countryside, so that the inability of the medieval state to lastingly finance war invariably led to outbursts of violence. After the defeat of the Flemish-Brabantine revolt, the political integration of the Habsburg-Burgundian Netherlands made continuous progress. The rise of a common tax system, discussed at the States-General, without offending the strong particularism of the Netherlands principalities, played a crucial role in this process.

Sustainable development is a ubiquitously used concept referring to a vision of society centred on the principles of global responsibility, integration, inter- and intra-generational equity, precaution, participation and a long-term time horizon. It is a contested concept that regroups various sub-discourses which embody its constructive ambiguity. For sustainable development to become a decision-guiding strategy in pubic decision-making, adequate decision-supporting processes are required. This thesis reflects on the theory and on the practice of ‘sustainability assessment’ in various contexts by combining discourse analysis with a case-study approach. <p>The thesis builds on three case studies, undertaken in different –institutional, geographical, thematic and research- contexts. The three cases (situated respectively in the realm of sub-national policies; development co-operation and energy policy) allow for different approaches to sustainability assessment to be applied and analyzed. The relative novelty of sustainability assessment created room for experimental participatory approaches and provided opportunities for policy-relevant learning. Understanding how sustainability assessment contributes to a shared interpretation of sustainability, to an enhanced structuring of information and to influencing policy decisions is key to develop and apply the approach in the future. Research findings indicate that: sustainability assessment should act as a forum giving sense to the interpretational challenge of sustainability, within the boundaries set by essential sustainability principles. Participatory approaches are key in performing sustainability assessment, for both intrinsic and pragmatic reasons. Stakeholder knowledge should be combined with scientific information in real-life ‘science for sustainability’ experiments. There is no blueprint approach for developing and applying sustainability assessment. The discursive-institutional interplay determines how sustainability assessment is conceptualized and applied. Windows of opportunity for introducing and applying sustainability assessment may arise unexpectedly due to discursive and institutional convergences facilitated by the interpretational width of the sustainability concept, and these should be taken up. Sustainability assessment should be designed as a de-polarizing process, bringing the co-production of knowledge and decisions into practice. <p>The capacity of sustainable development to grasp the complexity of current societal challenges by providing a decision-guiding framework can be operationalized by sustainability assessment, which entails an increased awareness of the overlap between different areas of public policy. If sustainability assessment is to actually support decision-makers, scientifically and participatory designed beacons are needed. This is a challenge where scientists act as analysts and facilitators to help translate the intrinsically dynamic meaning of sustainability into actions. This thesis wishes to contribute to this endeavour. <p><p><p><p><p> / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis focuses on the communities of medieval Beguines who lived in the cities of the French Flanders region. In the context of the individual cities and communities of Beguines, the thesis deals with selected written and material sources, whose language of testimony and symbolism is subjected to critical reading and analysis from the point of view of the semiology of medieval culture, gender relations and social ties. The result is the synthesis of these contextual, methodological, and narrative perspectives into a comprehensive idea of Beguines of the French Flanders.

The main goal of this thesis was an investigation into the ways in which whiteness is constructed and positioned in the South African soap opera, 7de Laan, and the Flemish soap opera, Thuis, with the emphasis on the possible implications of these constructions for local as well as global discourses on whiteness in the media. In conjunction with the above, this thesis endeavoured to answer a number of subquestions relating to the origin and history of the construct of “whiteness” and Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS) as a theoretical approach and its relevance in the South African and Flemish contexts, specifically as it pertains to the analysis of mass media texts like 7de Laan and Thuis. It, moreover, sought to explore if and how whiteness functions as an organising principle in the narratives and representations of these soap operas with the emphasis on potential similarities, differences and the kinds of whiteness constructed in these texts. Finally, the goal was to draw conclusions on the possible implications of these differences and similarities in the wider context of the way in which whiteness functions in the media. To that end I conducted a controlled case comparison of a sample from these two community soap opera texts, which was informed by a literature review and deep description of each context as part of the qualitative approach I chose to take. Despite a number of similarities between the two contexts, they still differ significantly, and this afforded me an opportunity to highlight both the consistencies and particularities in the ideological patterning of representations of whiteness, across seemingly unrelated domains, to illustrate its pervasiveness. Added to the emergence of three shared rhetorical devices perpetuating whiteness in both texts, I was also able to draw conclusions about the unique way in which whiteness functions in 7de Laan in particular, since South Africa remains the primary context of the study. / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)

Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T21:56:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viegas_ShellidaFernandadaCollina_D.pdf: 120671766 bytes, checksum: 6769e677622ca23add669406b7687de0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Como é possível o mesmo autor, na mesma época, escrever dois romances com a mesma temática e dar-lhes tratamento tão distinto? Essa é a pergunta que intriga os leitores de Defoe ao ler duas das suas principais obras literárias, Moll Flanders (1722) e Roxana (1724), e é também a pergunta que norteou esta pesquisa. Para responder a isso, estudamos a história da leitura, o surgimento e a popularização do romance, a história dos direitos autorais e a influência do público leitor na produção de romances. Isso porque ambas as obras de Defoe tiveram várias edições ao longo do séc. XVIII que se diferenciavam das primeiras tiragens. Visando estabelecer algumas hipóteses para explicar os motivos que levaram os editores a alterar os finais das obras, foram analisadas, nesses romances, as figuras da prostituta, amante, esposa e mãe e a condição da mulher na Inglaterra pré-Revolução Industrial, sem perder de vista a questão da edição e da recepção / Abstract: To what extent is it possible that an author over the same decade had written two novels about the same central theme, but from and with different perspectives? The readers of Daniel Defoe are right to raise this issue after reading Moll Flanders (1722) and Roxana (1724). This research sets about answering such questions. To this end, I used Defoe's novels to take a close look at the history of reading, the creation and popularity of the novel, copyright implications and the influence of the reader in the production of novels. After all, both novels underwent a series of different editions throughout the eighteenth century. To formulate a working hypothesis to outline the reasons that allowed such changes in editions, I analyzed the figures of the prostitute, lover, wife and mother and the condition of women in pre-Industrial Revolution England in both novels / Doutorado / Literatura Geral e Comparada / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished