Callandrena, a subgenus of 80 described species of bees in the genus Andrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) is shown, via phylogenetic analysis of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data, to be polyphyletic. The characters previously uniting this group have likely arisen by convergent evolution among unrelated lineages that have independently specialized on flowers of the Asteraceae for pollen consumption. At this time, we cannot definitively state whether there are two or three clades of bees formerly ascribed to Callandrena, nor whether one clade may belong to the European subgenus Chrysandrena as has been proposed, so we do not erect a new subgenus of Andrena at this time. The limits of Callandrena sensu stricto are provisionally delimited based on a single morphological character. The phylogenetic relationships of the two groups relative to other Andrena subgenera are discussed in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, Clade B, as defined for Callandrena in Chapter 2, is used to investigate the evolution of pollen host choice. Diet breadth is determined by analysis of pollen loads of at least 20 individual females per species. The choice of host and degree of specificity are then mapped onto the molecular phylogeny to investigate the evolution of these traits. Oligolecty appears to be the ancestral state in Andrena; polylecty has evolved several times; and reversals to oligolecty within these lineages have also occurred. Within the oligolectic lineage studied, host shifts were not uncommon. During the course of this study, a number of undescribed species were collected. Five are described in Chapter 4. / text

Plants with similar traits compete for resources. If related taxa share similar traits, phylogenetic relationships may predict competitive outcomes. Although plants compete for pollinators, flowers are rarely considered in community-assembly theory. I tested the hypothesis that plant communities are structured by competition for pollination. I inventoried communities at three spatial scales, measured seven flower traits, and tested the observed patterns against those generated by a null model to judge if community members were more or less similar in floral traits than expected by chance. I also measured the phylogenetic relatedness of community members to gauge trait-conservatism. Clustering of visually attractive traits suggests they promote facilitation of pollinators while over-dispersion of morphological traits suggests they partition pollinators in to avoid competition. Communities were phylogenetically even, but relatedness did not explain floral trait patterns. I suggest that flowers represent an ecological niche through which species can be sorted.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 possobom_ccf_me_botib.pdf: 5311682 bytes, checksum: 61049a559d97aca40ca5df2a79bf6111 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Diplopterys pubipetala é uma malpiguiácea amplamente distribuída pelo Brasil e apresenta glândulas no cálice, corola, estames e folhas, cuja estrutura, funcionamento e significado ecológico são desconhecidos. Com o objetivo de entender a dinâmica de secreção e o papel destas glândulas, foram estudados aspectos anatômicos, histoquímicos e ultraestruturais, além de registros fenológicos e do comportamento dos visitantes em uma população ocorrente em área de cerrado. As glândulas calicinais estão dispostas aos pares na face abaxial das sépalas, são conspícuas e constituídas por epiderme secretora em paliçada e parênquima especializado vascularizado por xilema e floema. As glândulas da corola ocorrem nas margens fimbriadas de todas as cinco pétalas. São diminutas e constituídas por epiderme secretora unisseriada envolvendo um pequeno grupo de células parênquimáticas vascularizadas ou não. As glândulas presentes na pétala posterior são vascularizadas e estruturalmente mais desenvolvidas do que as glândulas presentes nas pétalas laterais, não vascularizadas. Nos estames o conectivo apresenta superfície secretora constituída por células epidérmicas globulares. Constatou-se que todas as glândulas florais desempenham funções como atrativos primários ou secundários; além disto, o conectivo glandular está relacionado também com o aumento da eficiência na transferência de pólen, sendo fundamentais na manutenção da interação com os vetores de pólen e na reprodução da população de D. pubipetala estudada. Os nectários são diminutos e distribuídos na margem do limbo, sendo mais desenvolvidos os localizados na base e no ápice do limbo. Estes nectários são anatomicamente semelhantes às glândulas do cálice, entretanto são vascularizados predominantemente por floema. São ativos unicamente em folhas jovens e sua secreção representa... / Diplopterys pubipetala is a Malpighiaceae species widely distributed in Brazil and presents glands in calyx, corolla, stamens and leaves whose structural, functional and ecological aspects are unknown. In order to understand the secretion dynamic and the role of these glands, anatomical, histochemical and ultrastructural aspects were studied, besides phenological and visitors behavior records in a cerrado population. The calyx glands occur in pairs in the sepal abaxial surface and are constituted by secretory epidermis and specialized parenchyma with vascular supply of xylem and phloem. The corolla glands occur in the fimbriate margins of all the five petals. They are very small and constituted by unisseriate secretory epidermis that involves a small group of parenchyma cells vascularized or not. The posterior petal glands are vascularized and structurally more developed than lateral petal glands which are not vascularized. In the stamen, the connective shows secretory surface constituted by globular epidermal cells. All these floral glands play important roles as primary and secondary attractive; furthermore, the glandular connective is also related to the increase of pollen transfer efficiency, being essential for maintenance of the interactions with pollen vectors and in the reproduction of D. pubipetala studied population. The nectaries are very small and occur in all the margin of the leaf blade, being more developed these located in the apex and in the base. These nectaries are anatomically similar to the calyx glands, although are vascularized predominantly by phloem. They are only active in young leaves whose secretion represents a food resource for aggressive ants, suggesting the existence of benefical interactions between nectaries and ants. The histochemical tests revealed that the secretion is predominantly lipophilic in floral glands and predominantly hidrophilic in the leaf... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Ptilothrix bombiformis (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) is a specialist bee belonging to the tribe Emphorini. The emphorine phylogeny suggests that Convolvulacea is the ancestral plant family and independent evolutionary host-switches to several unrelated plant families have occurred. The role of floral scent has been well-characterized in pollination systems involving moths, butterflies, bumblebees, and honeybees, but little is known about how specialist bees mediate host selection, or how host-choice evolved in specialist bees. This research investigates the role of floral scent in host selection by P. bombiformis. Ptilothrix bombiformis has traditionally been classified as a Hibiscus (Malvaceae) oligolege. My research shows that it can now be placed into a more detailed dietary classification as an eclectic oligolege because it also collects pure pollen loads from a distantly-related plant, Ipomoea pandurata (Convolvulaceae). Using dynamic headspace sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, I obtained floral chemical profiles for Hibiscus moscheutos ssp. lasiocarpos and Ipomoea pandurata. Both flowers contain aliphatics, aromatic compounds, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. The host flowers have 14 shared compounds in their floral scent, which may be responsible for the bees' ability to recognize and utilize I. pandurata, a member or the emphorine ancestral host-plant family. Some of these shared compounds are also found in other emphorine host plants and may be responsible for their constraint in host-use.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2008. / Submitted by Jaqueline Oliveira (jaqueoliveiram@gmail.com) on 2008-12-01T17:20:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_2008_HelderNagaiConsolaro.pdf: 2398242 bytes, checksum: a211ae84c9f37e7782247505b937f1b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Georgia Fernandes(georgia@bce.unb.br) on 2009-02-11T16:36:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_2008_HelderNagaiConsolaro.pdf: 2398242 bytes, checksum: a211ae84c9f37e7782247505b937f1b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-02-11T16:36:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_2008_HelderNagaiConsolaro.pdf: 2398242 bytes, checksum: a211ae84c9f37e7782247505b937f1b6 (MD5) / Distilia é um tipo de sistema reprodutivo que apresenta características morfológicas (morfos florais) e fisiológicas (sistemas de incompatibilidade) como forma de potencializar a xenogamia. Dentre as 28 famílias de Angiospermas que apresentam esse sistema, Rubiaceae é a que tem a maior riqueza. No Cerrado, o destaque da família não é diferente, pois ela é considerada a sétima mais rica do bioma. Este estudo foi estruturado em três capítulos e, conjuntamente, teve como objetivo a caracterização do sistema distílico das espécies de Rubiaceae do bioma Cerrado. A coleta de dados foi composta por trabalhos de campo desenvolvidos na região do Distrito Federal, especificamente no Parque Nacional de Brasília, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas e Área de Proteção Ambiental das bacias do Gama e Cabeça de Veado, e por informações obtidas de herbários, referências bibliográficas, observações de campo e comunicação pessoal com outros pesquisadores. O primeiro capítulo verificou por meio de dados de herbários, referências bibliográficas, observações de campo e comunicação pessoal a ocorrência dos morfos e a fenologia das espécies distílicas de Rubiaceae do Cerrado. Foram analisadas 175 espécies, das quais 88% foram tipicamente distílicas e 12% foram consideradas espécies variantes. A floração e a frutificação das espécies analisadas ocorreram ao longo do ano, contudo o pico da floração se concentrou de novembro a janeiro e o da frutificação de fevereiro a maio. O segundo capítulo utilizou somente dados de campo, averiguando a morfometria floral e a razão dos morfos de 17 espécies distribuídas no Distrito Federal. As populações de Psychotria capitata, P. hoffmannseggiana, P. leiocarpa, P. mapourioides, P. racemosa, P. trichophoroides, uma população de P. carthagenensis, Palicourea marcgravii, P. officinalis, P. rigida, Galianthe peruviana, G. valerianoides e Declieuxia fruticosa apresentaram os dois morfos florais com razão equilibrada de 1:1, enquanto as populações de Coccocypselum lanceolatum, Psychotria prunifolia e uma outra de P. carthagenensis apresentaram monomorfismo longistilo. A presença de hercogamia recíproca precisa foi encontrada apenas em D. fruticosa, Psychotria mapourioides e na população distílica de P. carthagenensis. A maioria das espécies apresentou o comprimento da corola, os lóbulos estigmáticos e/ou a separação estigma-antera maiores no morfo brevistilo. Por fim o terceiro, um capítulo que também utilizou dados de campo, estudou os aspectos distílicos ligados à biologia reprodutiva de quatro espécies de Palicourea. As espécies Palicourea marcgravii e P. officinalis apresentaram-se como tipicamente distílicas em função da presença dos dois morfos florais, da razão equilibrada dos mesmos e do sistema de auto e intramorfo incompatibilidade. Já as espécies P. coriacea e P. macrobotrys apresentaram-se como variantes pela ocorrência de indivíduos homostilos junto aos morfos distílicos na primeira espécie e pelo morfo homostilo ser exclusivo na segunda espécie. Levando em consideração os resultados encontrados no presente estudo, é possível dizer que o sistema distílico das espécies de Rubiaceae do Cerrado é pouco variável. Entre os taxa que apresentaram variação, parece que a homostilia e o monomorfismo são os caminhos evolutivos mais comuns. Não se sabe ainda as forças evolutivas que determinam essas variações, contudo acredita-se que as características genéticas intrínsecas de cada táxon têm uma considerável influência e que cada espécie pode responder de forma diferente, ou até mesmo não responder, perante as mesmas pressões seletivas a que estão submetidas. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Distyly is a type of reproductive system whose morphological (floral morphs) and physiological features (incompatibility system) are used as a mechanism for increasing xenogamy. Among the 28 Angiosperm families presenting this system, Rubiaceae is the richest. In the Cerrado, the importance of this family is not different, since it is considered to be the seventh richest. This study was organized in three chapters and the objective was to characterize the distylous system of Rubiaceae species from the Cerrado biome. Data were collected during fieldwork carried out in the region of the Distrito Federal (National Park of Brasília, Águas Emendadas Ecological Station and Environmental Protection Area “Gama e Cabeça de Veado”). Further, information was gathered in Herbaria, bibliographic references, observation of field and communication with researchers. The Chapter 1 studied the occurrence of morphs and phenology of Rubiaceae distylous species from Cerrado. Were analyzed 175 species, of which 88% were considered typically distylous and 12% as variants. The flowering and fructification of the species analyzed occurred continuously along the year, although the peaks flowering was of November - January and fructification was February at May. The Chapter 2 studied floral morphometric with the morph ratio of 17 species found in Distrito Federal. Populations of Psychotria capitata, P. hoffmannseggiana, P. leiocarpa, P. mapourioides, P. racemosa, P. trichophoroides, single populations of P. carthagenensis, Palicourea marcgravii, P. officinalis, P. rigida, Galianthe peruviana, G. valerianoides and Declieuxia fruticosa showed a balanced ratio (1:1) of the two floral morphs, while populations of Coccocypselum lanceolatum, Psychotria prunifolia and another of P. carthagenensis showed pin monomorphism. The presence of reciprocal herkogamy was observed only in D. fruticosa, Psychotria mapourioides and P. carthagenensis distylous population. The majority of the species presented the corolla length, stigma lobe length and/or separation stigma-anther larger in thrum morph. The Chapter 3 studied distylous aspects to reproductive biology of four Palicourea species. The species Palicourea marcgravii and P. officinalis were typically distylous due to the presence of two floral morphs, the in ratio, and also the self and intramorph incompatibility. However, P. coriacea and P. macrobotrys were variants because homostylous individuals occur together with distylous morphs in first specie, and because the homostyle morph is dominant in the second. Considering the results achieved in this study, it is possible to state that the distyly system of Rubiaceae species from Cerrado is stable. Among these groups that presented variation, homostyly and monomorphism may be the most common evolutionary pathways. It is still unknown which evolutional drivers determine those differences. However, it is likely that intrinsic genetics characteristics of each taxon have a considerable influence, and also that species may respond differently to the same selective pressures, or they may not present any response.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-09-04T18:11:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 931456 bytes, checksum: a275a194333275a4a2e3cd1afb67e6cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-04T18:11:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 931456 bytes, checksum: a275a194333275a4a2e3cd1afb67e6cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O controle de plantas daninhas, uso de telas sombreadoras e a escolha do espaçamento de plantio são alguns dos principais tratos culturais que devem ser feitos no cultivo do copo-de-leite. Para se estudar estes tratos culturais, foram montados três experimentos independentes. No primeiro, avaliou-se a interferência da trapoeraba e braquiária na cultura do copo-de-leite em diferentes arranjos populacionais destas plantas daninhas, além de quatro épocas de convívio com o copo-de-leite. No segundo experimento, foi avaliado o cultivo do copo-de-leite em diferentes espaçamentos. No último experimento, avaliou-se o cultivo de copo-de-leite em diferentes níveis de sombreamento. No primeiro experimento, plantas de copo-de-leite foram cultivadas em vasos de 110 litros até 90 dias na ausência de plantas daninhas. A partir dessa data, os tratamentos foram estabelecidos: três diferentes populações (6 plantas de trapoeraba; 6 de braquiária e 3 de braquiária mais 3 de trapoeraba) associadas a quatro épocas de convívio (0; 30; 45 e 75 dias). As características avaliadas das plantas de copo-de-leite foram: número de folhas; número de perfilhos; largura da maior folha; taxa fotossintética e análise nutricional. No segundo experimento, as plantas de copo-de-leite foram cultivadas em três espaçamentos (1,0m x 1,0m; 1,25m x 0,8m e 1,5m x 0,67m). As características avaliadas nas plantas de copo-de-leite foram: o número de folhas; inflorescência; número de perfilhos; tamanho da haste e largura da maior folha. No terceiro experimento, para avaliar o cultivo de copo-de-leite em diferentes níveis de sombreamento, as mudas de copo-de-leite foram cultivadas em vasos plásticos de 18 litros, em telados de 6 x 6 x 4 m (comprimento, largura e altura, respectivamente), nas cores vermelho, azul, aluminizado e preto, além de uma testemunha cultivada em ambiente sem cobertura. As características avaliadas foram: número de folhas; número de inflorescência; número de perfilhos; altura de planta; tamanho da haste; diâmetro médio da inflorescência; largura da maior folha e taxa fotossintética. O convívio das plantas de trapoeraba e braquiária com a cultura de copo-de-leite já estabelecida, 90 dias de cultivo, não afetou a produção de folha, perfilhos e nem a largura da maior folha. No entanto, observaram-se efeitos prejudiciais do convívio do copo-de-leite com estas plantas para os teores de nitrogênio, potássio e zinco, além da taxa fotossintética. Foi verificado também que a competição nos primeiros 30 dias exercida pela braquiária é mais agressiva do que a causada pela trapoeraba. Os espaçamentos de 1,0 x 1,0 m e de 1,5 x 0,67 m proporcionaram maiores números médios de folhas, perfilhos e inflorescências sendo, por isso, os mais indicados para essa cultura. As plantas de copo- de-leite cultivadas em todos os telados, independente da cor, foram mais produtivas e apresentaram inflorescência com maior diâmetro médio e maior haste, além de apresentarem maior taxa fotossintética que as cultivadas em ambiente sem cobertura. O uso de telas sombreadoras, independente da cor, proporcionou a obtenção de plantas de copo-de-leite com melhor crescimento, mais produtivas e com melhores inflorescências. / Weed control and the use of shading nets are some of the main cultural cares that must be made in the cultivation of the arum lily. To study these cultural traits, three independent experiments were set up. In the first one, it was evaluated the interference of spiderwort and para grass in the culture of the arum lily in different population arrangements of these weeds in four times of conviviality with the arum lily. In the second one it was evaluated the period of coexistence of arum lily with weeds in different spacings. In the last one it was evaluated the arum lily cultivation in different levels of shading. In the first experiment, arum lily plants were cultivated in 110-liter pots up to 90 days in the absence of weeds. After that date the treatments were established: three different populations (6 plants of spiderwort, 6 plants of para grass, and 3 plants of para grass plus 3 of spiderwort) associated with four times of conviviality (0, 30, 45 and 75 days). The evaluated characteristics of the arum lily plants were: number of leaves; number of tillers; width of the largest leaf; photosynthetic rate; and nutritional analysis. In the second experiment, the arum lily plants were maintained for 90 days in the absence of weeds. From that date the treatments were established: three spacings (1.0 m x 1.0 m, 1.25 m x 0.8 m, and 1.5 m x 0.67 m) associated with four weed time interactions (0, 15, 30 and 45 days). The characteristics evaluated in the glass plants were: the number of leaves, inflorescence, number of tillers, stem size, and width of the largest leaf. In the third experiment, to evaluate the cultivation of arum lily at different levels of shade, the seedlings were grown in plastic pots of 18 liters in 6 x 6 x 4 m (length, width and height, respectively), in the colors red, blue, aluminized and black, in addition to a control cultivated in the open sky. The evaluated characteristics were: number of leaves; inflorescence number; number of tillers; plant height; stem size; inflorescence mean diameter; width of the largest leaf; and photosynthetic rate. The conviviality of the spiderwort and para grass plants with established arum lily plants, 90 days of cultivation, did not affect the production of leaves, number of tillers or even the width of the largest leaf. However, the nitrogen, potassium and zinc contents and the photosynthetic rate suffered a decrease as one of effects of arum lily competition with the weeds. It was also verified that the competition in the first 30 days exerted by the para grass is more aggressive than that caused by the spiderwort. The spacings of 1.0 x 1.0 m and 1.5 x 0.67 m provided a higher mean number of leaves, tillers and inflorescences being the most suitable for this crop. The mean number of inflorescences was negatively affected by the increase in weed convivial time at 1.0 x 1.0 m and 1.5 x 0.67 m spacings. Arum lily plants cultivated in the sheds, regardless of color, were more productive and presented inflorescence with larger diameter and larger stem diameter, in addition to present a higher photosynthetic rate than those grown in the open sky. The use of shading nets, regardless of color, allowed the production of better-growing, more productive, better inflorescence arum lily plants than those cultivated in open sky.

How specialist bees distinguish their host plants from co-blooming non-hosts is not well understood, but it is thought that they may be physiologically limited in their ability to recognize the majority of visual and olfactory cues presented by flowering plants. Species in the genus Diadasia collect pollen from just one of five plant families: Cactaceae, Malvaceae, Onagraceae, Asteraceae, and Convolvulaceae. Assuming a common ancestor for all Diadasia specialized on just one plant, this indicates host-switches in the past, and an ability to recognize more than one flowering plant. I hypothesized that host plants of Diadasia share the same visual and olfactory cues, thus enabling past host-switching to novel plant families, and that co-blooming non-hosts are highly dissimilar in terms of scent and visual appearance. I determined the compounds associated with the scent of Malvaceae and Cactaceae host flowers of North American Diadasia. I also evaluated visual cues for these flowers by measuring their full spectrum of reflected wavelengths, as well as select morphometric characters. I determined whether host flowers, regardless of taxa, were more similar to each other than non-hosts that were co-blooming and attractive to other bee species. Finally, I performed electroantennographic and behavioral experiments to assess the relative importance of these cues (visual and olfactory) in natural settings. Diadasia host plants share some chemical and visual characteristics that may in part explain the radiation of this group onto these particular hosts. First, host plants share a suite of scent compounds that are among the least variable across species. Many of these elicited antennal responses and did not decrease visitation when applied to host flowers. In contrast, some compounds produced by non-host flowers are detectable to Diadasia, but Diadasia are repelled by them when they are applied to host flowers. Diadasia host flowers do not share a color profile in common, but there is more reflectance in the bee-uv range as compared to other regions of the light spectrum. Also, Diadasia host flowers have a more contrasting central area that is relatively larger than in non-hosts.

PACHECO FILHO, Alípio José de Souza. Ecologia da polinização e biologia reprodutiva de Ipomoea bahiensis Willd. no semi-árido brasileiro. 2010. 89 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em ecologia e recursos naturais)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T17:32:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_ajspachecofilho.pdf: 1619535 bytes, checksum: 422e5e32f7b07130cbdf527d6b241f93 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-05-27T20:06:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_ajspachecofilho.pdf: 1619535 bytes, checksum: 422e5e32f7b07130cbdf527d6b241f93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-27T20:06:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_ajspachecofilho.pdf: 1619535 bytes, checksum: 422e5e32f7b07130cbdf527d6b241f93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / The study of floral ecology is pivotal to understanding the relationships between flowers and their visitors, as well as to understand the role of this interaction in reproductive success and maintenance of plant population. In this study, it was investigated the morphology, floral biology and breeding system of Ipomoea bahiensis Willd. and the interactions between its flowers and the guild of floral visitors. The research aimed mainly to understand the ecological and evolutionary relationships between I. bahiensis and anthophilous insects. For this, methods were used to analyze the functional morphology of flowers, the relationship of floral morphology and biology with visitors, the frequency and behavior these animals, the requirement for pollen and the rate fruit/flower and, finally, was estimated pollen limitation. To increase knowledge about the floral ecology were observed extranupcial nectaries’s visitors and its relation to floral enemies. From the analysis of the data, it was observed that the flowers of I. bahiensis have attributes predominantly psycophily, however they present plasticity in pollination systems, and can also be pollinated by small bees. The dynamics of nectar herewith with the period of stigma receptivity seeks to ensure the visitation of butterflies in this period. However, the variation in the frequency of floral visitors was understood from the availability of pollen, because the main visitors were bees pollen collecting. Pollination tests showed that the reproductive system is xenogamous, dependent on biotic vectors and presents self-incompatibility. It was also observed that the plant is limited by pollen. / O estudo da ecologia floral é fundamental para o entendimento das relações entre flores e seus visitantes, assim como para entender o papel dessa interação no sucesso reprodutivo e na manutenção da população vegetal. No presente estudo, investigou-se a morfologia, a biologia floral e o sistema de reprodução de Ipomoea bahiensis Willd., bem como as interações entre suas flores e a guilda de visitantes florais. A investigação teve como objetivo central entender tanto as relações ecológicas e evolutivas entre I. bahiensis e insetos antófilos quanto o sistema reprodutivo da planta. Para tanto, foram empregados métodos para analisar a morfologia funcional das flores, a relação da morfologia e biologia floral com os visitantes, o comportamento e frequência desses animais, o requerimento polínico e a relação fruto/flor e, por fim, foi quantificada a limitação de pólen. Para incrementar o conhecimento sobre a ecologia floral, foram observados os visitantes de nectários extranupciais e sua relação com inimigos florais. A partir da análise dos dados obtidos, observou-se que as flores de I. bahiensis possuem atributos predominantemente de psicofilia, contudo têm plasticidade no sistemas de polinização, podendo ser polinizadas por abelhas de pequeno porte. A dinâmica do néctar juntamente com o período de receptividade do estigma procura, possivelmente, garantir a visitação de borboletas nesse período. No entanto, a variação na frequência dos visitantes florais foi entendida a partir da disponibilidade de pólen, pois os principais visitantes foram abelhas coletoras de pólen. Os testes de polinização mostraram que o sistema de reprodução é xenógamo, dependente de vetores bióticos e apresenta auto-incompatibilidade. Também foi observado que a planta é limitada por pólen.

ZANINA, Dalva Neta e. Quem poliniza Cereus jamacaru? 2013. 41 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em ecologia e recursos naturais)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2013. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T19:27:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_dnzanina.pdf: 1920988 bytes, checksum: f479bd633e85d5f54acae636356190b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-05-27T20:09:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_dnzanina.pdf: 1920988 bytes, checksum: f479bd633e85d5f54acae636356190b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-27T20:09:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_dnzanina.pdf: 1920988 bytes, checksum: f479bd633e85d5f54acae636356190b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / The Cereus jamacaru DC cactus is an important species for the Brazilian Northeast. Has developed many studies and uses of the plant, but has not been established which pollinator in areas of natural distribution. The aim was to identify the most effective pollinator for form and function C. jamacaru flower. Data collection was done in a fragment of Caatinga where we collected data on phenology, morphology and floral biology beyond search visitors. Fruits were numbered 695young flowers, 175 flowers and 21 fruits. The cactus flowering displays multiple bang type. The flowers are hermaphrodite. The hypanthium is tapered 6.5 cm length, 3 cm in diameter and 0.6 cm opening in the base. The nectariferous chamber is formed by the base of the stamens and has the opening with some kind of lock by the stylus. According to the morphological evidence comparing pollination by bats and moths observed most of the arguments in favor of chiropterophily. We simulate visits per Glossophaga soricina and got perfect compatibility, however we did not observe any animals visit with optimal fit. The visitor who came closest pollinator behavior was Xylocopa sp, a large bee. Probably this bee was responsible for the formation of the few fruits. / A cactácea Cereus jamacaru DC é uma espécie emblemática para o nordeste brasileiro. Tem se desenvolvido muitos estudos e usos da planta, mas não se tem estabelecido qual o polinizador em áreas de distribuição natural. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar qual o polinizador mais efetivo para forma e função da flor de C. jamacaru. A coleta de dados foi feita em um fragmento de Caatinga onde foram coletados dados sobre fenologia, morfologia e biologia floral além de busca por visitantes. Foram contados 695 botões, 175 flores e 21 frutos. O mandacaru apresenta floração do tipo multiple bang. As flores são hermafroditas, protândricas, de simetria dorsoventral esternotríbica. O hipanto é cônico 6,5 cm de comprimento, 3 cm diâmetro na abertura e 0,6 cm na base. A câmara nectarífera é formada pela base dos estames e possui a abertura com uma espécie de fechadura pelo estilete. De acordo com indícios morfológicos ao comparar a polinização feita por morcegos e mariposas observou-se a grande maioria dos argumentos a favor de quiropterofilia. Simulamos visitas por Glossophaga soricina e obtivemos perfeita compatibilidade, porém não observamos visita de nenhum animal com encaixe perfeito. O visitante que mais se aproximou do comportamento polinizador foi Xylocopa sp, uma abelha de grande porte. Provavelmente esta abelha foi a responsável pela formação dos poucos frutos.

Magister en Psicología Clínica de Adultos / “MODELO FLORAL PROCESAL: PROPUESTA PARA EL TRABAJO CON LAS ESENCIAS FLORALES DENTRO DEL MARCO DEL PROCESO PSICOTERAPÉUTICO DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA PROCESAL EXPERIENCIAL.” Este trabajo presenta una propuesta de modelo de intervención que de sustento técnico y teórico para el uso de las esencias florales dentro del espacio psicoterapéutico como elementos coadyuvantes que permitan la contención o movilización de aspectos emocionales en el consultante con el fin de facilitar el logro de los objetivos terapéuticos. Para este objetivo se ha llevado a cabo un análisis crítico de las fuentes de información y los distintos discursos elaborados respecto a las esencias florales dentro del mundo de la salud y el desarrollo académico de la psicología en Chile; en conjunto a la integración de algunos elementos teóricos afines del enfoque Procesal – Experiencial y la propuesta teórica y filosófica de Edward Bach. Ejemplificándose finalmente la aplicación del modelo propuesto a través de la presentación de un caso clínico