<p> This thesis investigates the impact of layoffs on the emotions, attitudes and behaviours of emergency room nurses in a large trauma hospital. This thesis is premised upon the conclusions drawn by Joel Brockner in his laboratory and survey studies of downsizing survivors. Equity theory provides a framework for Brockner's analyses. According to equity theory, participants in social exchange relationships, such as those between an employer and employee, prefer that these relationships be equitable. That is, that the input to outcome ratio of each participant in the exchange be proportionate. Brockner contends that a situation of positive inequity results when the input to outcome ratio of one participant is greater than that of the other(s). Central to Brockner's work is the hypothesis that all downsizing "survivors", those who remain employed with the organization after downsizing, experience positive inequity as a result of simply surviving the process. In addition, how survivors respond to this positive inequity, Brockner contends, depends in large part on how fairly they perceive management's handling of the layoff. </p> <p> Equity theory has also been used to analyze the responses of the nurses to the layoffs in their department. However, the application of equity theory presented in this thesis differs from that of Brockner. Unique to this study is the finding that the nurses' responses to the layoffs were dictated by the increased workload they experienced following the layoffs. The nurses experienced this workload as another type of inequity, one that has to this point been overlooked in the literature. It was also found that the nurses' experience of "workload induced negative inequity" superseded any positive responses they may have exhibited as a result of simply surviving the layoffs in their department and for having perceived these layoffs to have been fairly managed. The nurses became distressed as a result of this workload inequity. This thesis includes a discussion of how the nurses strove to alleviate this distress and restore equity to their workplace. </p> <p> This thesis demonstrates that while equity theory has proven to be an effective tool, alone it is not an adequate theoretical framework for the analysis of the experiences of all downsizing survivors. Similarly, the findings of this thesis show that the factors influencing the nurses' responses to downsizing differ greatly from those of the survivors in Brockner's studies. Thus, the recommendation is made that scholars remain open to the possibility that survivors are likely affected by a multitude of factors. Consideration of these issues will ensure that the literature in this area grows in a substantive way. </p> / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

En s'appuyant sur un corpus de sources d'archives décidément vaste, et sur une ample bibliographie, cette recherche apporte plusieurs éléments novateurs à l'étude des échanges politiques et diplomatiques dans l'Italie du premier Quattrocento. Au fil des trois parties dont cette thèse se compose, l'analyse des sources (du point de vue non seulement des contenus, mais aussi linguistique) a permis quelques éclaircissements sur la guerre entre Florence et Venise contre Philippe Marie Visconti. L'importance de ce travail réside tout d'abord dans la fourchette chronologique prise en compte : les années Vingt du Quattrocento, en effet, sont quasiment absentes dans l'historiographie sur la diplomatie italienne à la Renaissance, un vide qui peut assurément être allégué à une polarisation documentaire conséquente (les sources d'archives se font plus riches à partir de la seconde moitié du siècle).Deuxièmement, le bassin documentaire a compris plus de 60 fonds d'archives, ce qui a donné à la recherche une base solide pour poursuivre l'enquête historique, grâce aussi à l'osmose et au dialogue établis entre les différentes sources.Quant aux résultats, au-delà du plan strictement événementiel, en ce qui concerne les phénomènes et les trajectoires nous avons pu identifier les évolutions politico-territoriales des puissances italiennes durant la première partie du siècle, bien avant, donc, le moment crucial de la 'Lega italica' (1455), qui est d'habitude vue comme le point de départ de toute analyse diplomatique. Il nous a été possible, par exemple, de remonter jusqu'à la source des liens entre Eugène IV et les Médicis ; ou de montrer les raisons et les enjeux de la montée de la Savoie en Italie ; ou, enfin, de mettre en exergue, au sein de la vie politique italienne, l'évolution de la présence pontificale, qui passa de la neutralité à la gestion des alliances diplomatiques. / Based on a large corpus of archival sources, and on an extensive bibliography, this research sheds a light on several innovative elements regarding the study of political and diplomatic exchanges in Italy during the first Quattrocento. Through the three parts of the thesis, the analysis of the sources (from the point of view not only of the contents, but also a linguistic one) has clarified the meanings of the war between Florence and Venice against Philippe Marie Visconti.The importance of this work remains first and foremost in the chronological range analyzed: the 1420s are almost absent in the historiography on Italian diplomacy during the Renaissance, a vacuum that can certainly be alleged at a documentary polarization (archives sources become richer from the second half of the century).Secondly, the documentary basin included more than 60 archive collections, which gave the research a solid basis for continuing the historical inquiry, as well as the dialogue established between the different sources.As for the results, beyond the strictly event-oriented plan, from the phenomenon point of view, we have been able to identify the political-territorial evolution of the Italian powers during the first part of the century, long before the crucial moment of the 'Lega Italica' 1455), which is usually the starting point of any diplomatic analysis.It has been possible for us, for example, to go back to the source of the links between Eugene IV and the Medici; or to show the reasons and the issues of the rise of Savoy in Italy; or, finally, to highlight, within Italian political life, the evolution of the papal presence, which shifted from neutrality to the management of diplomatic alliances.

Consacrée à la famille Martelli de Florence, cette thèse porte sur les dynamiques internes à l’élite marchande du premier Âge moderne, envisagées sur la longue durée, entre le milieu du XIVe et la fin du XVIe siècle. Etude de cas, conduite à plusieurs échelles, elle place au centre de l’enquête les choix individuels et collectifs et les relations socio-économiques, qui sont saisis aussi bien aux échelles micro-historiques des individus et des groupes qu’aux échelles plus grandes des réseaux sociaux, politiques et économiques. Est analysée, en premier lieu, l’ascension sociale, politique et économique de la famille, ce qui permet d’en révéler les enjeux à la fois multiples et mouvants dans le temps. Le jeu d’échelles permet alors de dépasser une dichotomie réductrice, en termes de marginalisation et d’affirmation, et ainsi de saisir ce qui demeure de précarité dans cette famille « nouvelle ». En second lieu, l’étude sur la longue durée des dynamiques internes à la famille conduit à mettre en question l’idée d’une linéarité dans l’évolution des relations entre ses membres et de faire ressortir de complexes articulations entre continuités et changements. La notion même de famille semble faire problème, au regard des stratégies particulières dont elle fut l’enjeu. Enfin, à partir du XVIe siècle, l’étude se concentre sur l’une des branches des Martelli, avec un focus sur son implication dans le monde du négoce local et international. Sont alors examinées de très près les relations et les pratiques sociales et économiques intervenant entre les membres de cette branche, mais aussi à l’intérieur des compagnies marchandes dans lesquelles ils étaient intéressés, notamment à Lyon. / This PhD-dissertation focuses on the internal dynamics of the Florentine merchant elite of the early modern era, basing on a case-study which covers different aspects of its development in the long term, from the middle 14th century to the end 16th century. Case study on different scales, the heart of the analysis are the individual and collective choices within the socio-economic relationships, taken on micro-historical level of individuals and groups, as well as in the broader context of social, political and economical networks. Firstly, the detailed scrutiny of social, political and economic ascension of the Martelli family allows to define its multiple and time-varying stakes. The scale-game enables to go beyond the simple interpretative dichotomies between marginalization and affirmation, providing a fuller insight into the aspects of precariousness of this «new» family. Secondly, the long-term study of internal dynamics within the Martelli family permits to question the linearity of evolution of these relations. Their complexity is investigated in order to determine which elements are constants and which should be considered as variables. As a consequence, the notion of family is being challenged and eventually considered in the framework of individual strategies. Finally, the case study focuses on a small family unit in the 16th century. The in-depth analysis of the relationships and socio-economic practices covers the members of the Martelli family, their involvement in local and international commerce, and the merchant-companies in which they were interested and the one based in Lyon in particular.

Report (Ed. D.)--Teachers College. / Issued also on microfilm. Includes bibliographical references.

Diss.--Philosophie--Denton, Tex.--North Texas state university, 1968. / Bibliogr. f. 313-330 (t.1). Index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Art History, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss.--Munich. / Cover title: Das Dombauamt in Florenz, 1285-1370. Vita. "Verwendete Quellen und ihre Bearbeitung": p. 10-13. Bibliographical references included in "Anmerkung" (p. 120-160).

Report (Ed. D.)--Teachers College. / Issued also on microfilm. Includes bibliographical references.

Notre thèse porte sur François Sabatier (1818, Montpellier – 1891, Lunel), époux de la cantatrice Caroline Ungher, traducteur de Goethe et Schiller, connu comme critique et mécène fouriériste à travers la publication de son Salon de 1851 à la Librairie phalanstérienne et la commande du décor de son palais florentin à des artistes fouriéristes (Bouquet, Ottin, Papéty). L'utilisation de sources inutilisées, ses manuscrits et la reconstitution de sa bibliothèque léguée à Montpellier permettent de reconsidérer les rapports à l'art de François Sabatier. Sa formation, entre fréquentation des artistes (Courbet, Hébert, Ricard, Lefuel, Lessore), voyages, séjours et résidences (Allemagne, Grèce, Italie), lectures et rencontres des auteurs est ainsi mieux connue. Ce que sa critique doit à celle-ci est éclairé de même que son ambition théorique. Enfin, sa participation pratique à des débats artistiques et historiques contemporains, le réalisme, l'attribution du palais de la Zisa à Palerme et les techniques de restaurations des mosaïques en Sicile, font apparaître d'importantes contributions. Les réseaux qui constituent sa sociabilité et ses engagements révèlent des auteurs comme Amari, Di Marzo, Michelet, Villari, Schnaase, Gregorovius, et des acteurs de la conservation des œuvres, Salinas, Riolo. La démarche suivie, qui s'est appuyée sur le catalogage de sa bibliothèque et le relevé des dédicaces et notes en marge des ouvrages, permet donc de préciser la nature de ses rapports à l'art, plus étendus que la critique, le mécénat et la collection / This thesis focuses on François Sabatier (1818, Montpellier - 1891, Lunel), husband of the singer Caroline Ungher and translator of Goethe and Schiller, known as a patron and Fourierist critic through the publication of his Salon de 1851 in the Librairie phalanstérienne and his selection of the decor of his Florentine palace by Fourierist artists (Bouquet, Ottin, Papety). The utilisation of previously unused historical sources, of his manuscripts and the reconstruction of his library, which was bequeathed to Montpellier, allow one to reconsider Sabatier's relationship to art. As a result, his formation, which includes his association with artists (Courbet, Hébert, Ricard, Lefuel, Lesscore), his journeys and residencies (in Germany, Greece, Italy), his readings and meetings with authors is now better known. Consequently, his critique and his theoretical ambitions appear in a new light. Finally, his engagement in contemporary artistic and historical debates, realism, awarding of the Zisa palace to Palermo and techniques for restauring mosaics in Sicily all exemplify his important contributions. The networks constituting his sociability and engagements include authors such as Amari, Di Marzo, Michelet, Villari, Schnaase, Gregorovius, and such conservators of art works as Salinas and Riolo. The approach followed here is based on the cataloging of his library and the recording of his inscriptions and marginal notes in books, and allows one to specify the nature of his relationship to art, which goes far beyond critique, patronage and collection

Œuvre majeure de l'historiographie communale, la Nuova cronica de Giovanni Villani constitue un passage obligé pour qui entend se plonger dans l'histoire de la Florence médiévale. Marchand, homme d’État et chroniqueur, son auteur incarne la figure du popolano grasso florentin. Narrant en treize livres l'histoire de sa cité et du monde, de ses origines jusqu'à 1348, elle a laissé plus d'une centaine de manuscrits, a participé à faire du toscan la langue des Italiens et a inspiré une bibliographie foisonnante. Cette thèse s'intéresse à un aspect largement ignoré de cet ouvrage, à savoir le rapport de l'auteur à l'histoire de son temps, en se focalisant sur les trois derniers livres couvrant les années 1326-1348. Période de mutations politiques et de bouleversements économiques, mais aussi de profonde effervescence culturelle, ces années marquent un tournant dans l'histoire communale : la Nuova cronica révèle à cet effet toute la richesse de ce premier Trecento florentin. L'étude de la chronologie de composition du texte laisse apparaître un délai très resserré entre les événements et leur retranscription. Cette quasi-contemporanéité de l'histoire pèse sur les outils et les méthodes de l'historien, qui doit revoir ses canaux d'information, renouveler ses sources et réinterpréter ses cadres explicatifs. Parallèlement à la mobilisation des réseaux marchands, l'étude des sources témoigne d'un usage intensif des documents d'archives, qui participent à créer une mémoire des institutions communales. L'analyse des cadres interprétatifs montre l'importance de la sensibilité religieuse du chroniqueur, une religion civique, qui teinte son récit d'une forte dimension moraliste et édifiante et lui donne parfois l'allure d'une somme d'exempla laïcs ou d'un manuel de vertus civiques. L'aspect exceptionnel des derniers livres de la chronique réside toutefois dans la fenêtre qu'ils ouvrent sur la culture des grands marchands florentins de ce début de XIVe siècle : à travers l'étude de deux aspects de cette culture, celle théologique et celle scientifique, il nous est donné à voir la capacité d'appropriation, par un laïc moyennement lettré, d'une large parcelle de la culture savante, constituant à cet égard un véritable exercice de vulgarisation et de médiation culturelle. / As a major work of communal historiography, Giovanni Villani's Nuova cronica is a milestone for whoever intends to immerse themselves into the history of medieval Florence. Merchant, statesman and writer, the author embodies the figure of the Florentine popolano grasso. Narrating in thirteen books the history of both his city and the world, from its origins to 1348, the chronicle has left more than one hundred manuscripts, contributed to making Tuscan the language of Italians, and has inspired an abundant bibliography. This thesis focuses on a largely ignored aspect of this book, namely the relationship the author has to the history of his time, focusing on the last three books covering the years 1326-1348. Those years were a period of important political and economic change, as of deep cultural liveliness, and marked a turning point in the communal history: the Nuova cronica reveals the prosperity of this early Florentine Trecento. The chronology of the writings shows a particularly small time span between the events and their transcription: this has its consequences on both the tools and methods of the historian, who is therefore required to re-study his information channels, renew his sources and reinterpret the explicative frameworks. In addition to relying on merchant networks, the study of the sources reveals an extensive use of archive documents, which create a memory of communal institutions. The analysis of the interpretive frameworks of history attests of the importance of the author's religious mindset; this paints his historical narrative with a strong moralistic and uplifting dimension, sometimes giving it the appearance of a sum of secular exempla or a manual of civic virtues. However, the remarkable aspect of the last books lies in the way they open new perspectives into the culture of the great Florentine merchants of this time. Through the study of two aspects of this culture, theological and scientific, the capacity of a moderately literate secular man to capture a large part of scholar culture is revealed. This makes the chronicle a true work of vulgarization which builds a link between different levels of culture.