Proefschrift--Utrecht--Universiteit, 1995. / Bibliogr. p. [221]-263. Index. Résumé en anglais.

Cette étude met à l'épreuve l’hypothèse selon laquelle « pour qu’il y ait « histoire », roman, il faut qu’il y ait obstacle à la réalisation de [l’amor] » (Pierre Gallais). Les obstacles à la (re)constitution du couple amoureux reviennent avec récurrence dans les romans de couple de l’époque médiévale, aussi bien en Orient qu’en Occident, et méritent d’être mis en avant. Les interroger, c’est rappeler que la lecture de Floire et Blanchefleur nous invite, par moments, à le comparer à deux autres intrigues amoureuses : l’une persane (Varqe et Gulšāh), l’autre arabe ('Urwa et 'Afrā’). C’est essayer de découvrir ou redécouvrir les affinités thématiques et les relations de parenté entre ces textes. C’est rappeler que les amours heureuses n’ont pas d’histoire et qu’aimer conduit souvent à s’exposer aux autres, à l’opposition parentale et plus généralement à la société. C’est montrer que l’amour s’accroît avec la séparation et la souffrance. C’est tenter de mettre en relief le paradoxe sur lequel reposent ces romans : l’obstacle, qui à première vue semble inquiéter les couples en herbe et condamner leurs idylles, s’avère finalement un élément indispensable de l’intrigue amoureuse qui ne fait que célébrer l’intrépidité des jeunes amants. C’est montrer que dans ces textes, aucun des obstacles rencontrés ne finit par disjoindre les amants. Enfin, c’est montrer comment les conversions finales, aussi bien individuelles que collectives, finissent par conférer à ces textes une dimension civilisatrice, « une tendance orientalisante », voire « un « orientalisme » romanesque ». / This study examines the hypothesis according to which “for there to be a “story”, a novel, there needs to be an obstacle hindering the realization of [love]” (Pierre Gallais). The obstacles of the lovers’ union reoccur in love stories from medieval times, as much in the Orient as in the Occident. These obstacles merit being brought to attention. To examine them is to recall that the reading of anonymous French idyll invites us, at times, to compare it to two amorous plots: one being Persian (Varqe and Gulšāh), the other Arabic ('Urwa and 'Afrā’). The thematic affinities between these related texts do not extinguish in any circumstance the originality of each novel. It should be noted that stories are not created from fortunate love and that to love often drives one to expose himself to others, parental opposition and to society. It shows love is only intensified with separation and suffering. It attempts to emphasize the paradox upon which these novels are based: the obstacle, which at first glance appears to worry the aspiring couples and condemn their idyll, decisively proves an indispensable element of the romantic plot which serves only to celebrate the intrepidity of young lovers. It is demonstrated in these texts that none of the obstacles encountered succeed in separating the lovers. Finally, it shows how individual and collective conversions finish by conferring a civilizing dimension to the texts, “an orientalizing tendency”, indeed “a Romanesque ‘Orientalism’”.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:14:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Borovina Balija.pdf: 38729395 bytes, checksum: 49244276ea89ded146480c8928550076 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research aims to understand the changes in the body potentiated by technological couplings in the work of Dutch artist Floris Kaayk. In his works, Kaayk discusses the dualisms found by the discourses of the mass media and through futurological issues, says the body as important vector capable of tense oppositions: natural and artificial, nature and culture, fiction and reality. What are the limits of technological advances on the body? Are we becoming cyborgs? Not to continue the dissemination of deflated terms, we divided the research into three areas that aim to deepen the notes found in the artist's creative process. In the first chapter "Communication bodies and couplings", we present a theoretical framework that situates the body in the field of communication and perception. At this time, we present understandings of the body as an exploratory system found in Lucia Santaella and James Gibson. Well as studies on the corpomídia developed by Christine Greiner and Helena Katz. The second chapter "Art and Technology" seeks, through a brief history, situating the body in artistic practices and their relationship with the technological discourses. The art meeting the new technologies plays an exploratory discovery, and the willingness to learn. Therefore, we rely on Julio Plaza to address the problem of art as discourse about the phenomenon and not as a representation of an idea itself. In the third chapter, we propose, through the analysis of three works: The Order Electrus (2005), Metalosis Maligna (2006) and The Human Birdwings (2012), create a path that relates to the understandings presented in the previous chapters. Our theoretical framework is still composed of the notes on technology and nature found in Ortega y Gasset and Vilém Flusser. The proposed methodology is based on studies of processes of creation in Cecilia Salles and Lucia Leão / A presente pesquisa pretende compreender as transformações no corpo potencializadas pelos acoplamentos tecnológicos na obra do artista holandês Floris Kaayk. Em suas obras, Kaayk problematiza os dualismos encontrados pelos discursos dos meios massivos de informação e, através de questões futurológicas, aponta o corpo como importante vetor capaz de tensionar as oposições: natural e artificial, natureza e cultura, ficção e realidade. Quais os limites das investidas tecnológicas sobre o corpo? Estaríamos nos ciborguizando? Para não continuar a divulgação de termos esvaziados, dividimos a pesquisa em três eixos que buscam aprofundar os apontamentos encontrados nos processo de criação do artista. No primeiro capítulo "Comunicação, corpos e acoplamentos", apresentamos a fundamentação teórica que situa o corpo no campo da comunicação e da percepção. Neste momento, apresentamos os entendimentos de corpo como um sistema exploratório encontrados em Lúcia Santaella e James Gibson. Assim como os estudos sobre o corpomídia desenvolvidos por Christine Greiner e Helena Katz. O segundo capítulo "Arte e tecnologia" busca, através de um breve histórico, situar o corpo nas práticas artísticas e em sua relação com os discursos tecnológicos. A arte ao encontro das novas tecnologias assume um caráter exploratório de descoberta, como a vontade de se conhecer. Portanto, nos apoiamos em Julio Plaza ao tratar do problema da arte como próprio discurso sobre o fenômeno e não como representação de uma ideia. No terceiro capítulo, propomos, através das análises de três obras: The Order Electrus (2005), Metalosis Maligna (2006) e The Human Birdwings (2012), criar um percurso que se relacione aos entendimentos apresentados nos capítulos anteriores. Nosso quadro teórico é composto ainda pelos apontamentos sobre tecnologia e natureza encontrados em Ortega y Gasset e Vilém Flusser. A metodologia proposta se apoia nos estudos sobre processos de criação em Cecília Salles e Lucia Leão

As wind energy technology continues to mature, farm sizes grow and wind farm layout design becomes more difficult, in part due to the number of design variables and constraints. Wind farm layout optimization is typically approached using gradient-free methods because of the highly multi-modal shape of the wind farm layout design space. Gradient-free method performance generally degrades with increasing problem size, making it difficult to find optimal layouts for larger wind farms. However, gradient-based optimization methods can effectively and efficiently solve large-scale problems with many variables and constraints. To pave the way for effective and efficient wind farm layout optimization for large-scale wind farms, we have worked to overcome the primary barriers to applying gradient-based optimization to wind farm layout optimization. To improve model/algorithm compatibility, we adjusted wake and wind farm models, adding more realistic curvature and smoothness to enable optimization algorithms to travel through areas in the design space where they had previously gotten stuck. We reduced the number of function calls required for gradient-based wind farm layout optimization by over three orders of magnitude for large farms by using algorithmic differentiation to compute derivatives. We reduced the multi-modality of the wind farm layout design space using wake expansion continuation (WEC). We developed WEC to work with existing optimization algorithms, enabling them to get out of local optima while remaining fully gradient-based. Across four case studies, WEC found results with lower wake loss, on average, than the other methods we tested. To resolve concerns about optimization algorithms exploiting model inaccuracies, we compared the initial and optimized layouts to large-eddy simulation (LES) results. The simple models predicted an AEP improvement of 7.7% for a low-TI case, and LES predicted 9.3%. For a high-TI case, the simple models predicted a 10.0% improvement in AEP and LES predicted 10.7%. To resolve uncertainty regarding relative solution quality for gradient-based and gradient-free methods, we collaborated with seven organizations to compare eight optimization methods. Each method was managed by researchers experienced with them. All methods found solutions of similar quality, with optimized wake loss between 15.48 % and 15.70 %. WEC with SNOPT was the only purely gradient-based method included and found the third-to-best solution.