Magmatic-hydrothermal systems typically have vertical extents of several hundred<br />meters and their geochemical characteristics (e.g. mineral assemblages) vary considerably<br />over that vertical extent. As a consequence the expression in outcrop varies depending on<br />the level of erosion. Therefore understanding the geochemical zonation of magmatic-hydrothermal<br />ore deposits opens the possibility to detect deep magmatic-hydrothermal<br />systems, and to assess qualitatively the degree of erosion that has taken place in the area<br />and at which level the mineralization may occur. This dissertation presents the<br />characterization of two shallow hydrothermal systems and their potential relations with<br />deeper magmatic-hydrothermal systems. In addition, this dissertation develops the<br />equations to directly interpret thermometric data from the fluid inclusion type dominant in<br />one of those deposits (fluid inclusions that homogenize by halite disappearance).<br />Red Mountain, AZ is a porphyry copper system with a well-preserved lithocap<br />providing an ideal candidate to characterize the shallow expression of porphyry copper<br />systems in the southwestern US. The distribution of fluid inclusions, alteration mineralogy<br />and grade indicate that the intrusive responsible for the mineralization was only partially<br />intercepted during the exploration program and that one single magmatic event was likely<br />responsible for the mineralization detected. Fluid inclusion types and clay minerals are<br />systematically distributed within the deposit. The fluid responsible for the shallow<br />hypogene mineralization was a low pH-intermediate temperature-low density fluid while a<br />high salinity fluid was responsible for deep mineralization.<br />Wutong is a Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the Nanling belt (southeast China). The combination<br />of fluid inclusion and mineral thermometry indicates that the Wutong deposit formed at<br />relatively low pressures. The age and isotopic composition of the mineralization indicates<br />that the deposit formed during the Cretaceous from crustal derived fluids. The occurrence<br />of a shallow magmatic-hydrothermal system of Cretaceous age in this region suggests that<br />Cretaceous intrusions, despite not outcropping very commonly in this particular region may<br />occur at deeper levels. / Ph. D.

The search for mineral deposits is a time consuming, risky and very expensive process. Applying new models and methods provides a competitive advantage in the search for mineral deposits because an explorationist can quickly evaluate potential targets and eliminate areas without good potential for mineralization. This dissertation presents a practical technique for prediction to finding precious metal mineralization at Guanajauato mining district (GMD) base on theoretical and experimental studies of fluids properties, mineral phase equilibrium, physical and chemical mechanisms. Making the technique highly transportable so that it can be applied in the field during an exploration program base on petrographic characteristics of mineral textures produced during boiling events in quartz, calcite and adularia, and fluid inclusions contained in these phases. While this work was conducted in GMD, the results should be applicable in exploration for epithermal deposits worldwide. The GMD is one of the largest silver producing districts in the world. Ore shoots are localized along three major northwest trending vein systems, the La Luz, Veta Madre and Vetas de la Sierra. More than 1200 samples were collected from surface outcrops, underground mine and historical and recent drill core. Traverses perpendicular to veins in all system were also conducted. Most of the samples (approximately 90%) were also assayed for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Sb. Samples from the GMD show a wide range in silica textures are indicative of rapid precipitation, such as occurs when fluids boil. Other mineral phases, including illite, rhombic adularia and bladed calcite are also indicative of rapid growth in a hydrothermal system and are characteristic of boiling systems. Because boiling is an effective mechanism for precipitating gold and silver from hydrothermal fluids, the presence of mineral textures indicative of boiling is a desirable feature in exploration. In many samples, textural evidence for boiling is supported by coexisting liquid-rich and vapor-rich fluid inclusions, or Fluid Inclusion Assemblages consisting of only vapor-rich inclusions, suggesting "flashing" of the hydrothermal fluids. Textural and fluid inclusion evidence for boiling has been observed in the deepest levels of the GMD, suggesting that additional precious metal resources may occur beneath these levels. / Ph. D.

Hydrothermal processes play a major role in transporting mass and energy in Earth’s crust. These processes rely on hydrothermal fluid, which is dissolving, transporting and precipitating minerals and distribute heat. The composition of the hydrothermal fluid is specific for various geological settings, but in most cases it can be approximated by H₂O-NaCl-CO₂ fluid composition. The flow of hydrothermal fluid is controlled by differences in temperature, pressure and/or density of the fluid and hydraulic conductivity of the rock. In my work, I was focused on modeling of the hydrothermal fluid properties and experimental characterization of fluid that formed emerald deposit in North Carolina, USA. The dissertation based on the result of three separate projects. The first project has been dedicated to characterization of the H₂O-NaCl hydrothermal fluid ability to transport mass and energy. This ability of the fluid is defined by a change in fluid density and enthalpy in response to changing pressure or temperature. In this project we quantified the derivatives of mass, enthalpy and SiO₂ solubility in wide range of pressure, temperature and composition (PTx) of H₂O-NaCl fluid. Our study indicated that the PT region in which fluid is most efficiently can transport mass and energy, located in the critical region near liquid-vapor phase boundary and the sensitivity to changing pressure-temperature conditions decrease with increasing salinity. In second project we developed the revised H₂O-NaCl viscosity model. Revised model to calculate the viscosity of H₂O-NaCl reproduces experimental data with ±10% precision in PTx range where experimental data available and follows expected trends outside of the range. This model is valid over the temperature range from the H₂O solidus (~0 °C) to ~1,000 °C, from ~0.1 MPa to ≤500 MPa, and for salinities from 0-100 wt.% NaCl. The third project has been focused on the characterization of formation conditions of the emerald at North American Emerald Mine, Hiddenite, North Carolina, USA. The emerald formation conditions defined as 120-220 MPa, 450-625 °C using stable isotope, Raman spectrometry, and fluid inclusion analysis. Hydrothermal fluid had a composition of CO2-H2O±CH4, which indicates mildly reducing environment of emerald growth. / Ph. D.

The low temperature phase behavior of the system H2O-NaCl-FeCl2 was examined using synthetic fluid inclusions. Experiments were conducted along the 5 wt% NaCl (relative to the total solution) pseudobinary, with FeCl2 concentrations varying from 2 to 33 wt%, and along the pseudobinary defined by mixing known amounts of FeCl2-4H2O with a 5 wt% NaCl solution, with final FeCl2 concentrations varying from 0 to 29 wt%. Synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz were prepared in cold-seal pressure vessels at 500 degrees C - 800 degrees C and 2 or 3 kilobars. The fO2 conditions were controlled by the Ni-NiO equilibrium curve. The liquid released from the capsule upon opening was initially colorless, but turned yellow-orange after contact with atmospheric O2. The clear color is characteristic of ferrous iron solutions, whereas the yellow-orange color is consistent with the presence of Fe3+ in solution. This color change suggested that the unopened capsules initially contained ferrous iron in solution, which oxidized to ferric iron when exposed to the atmosphere. Borisenko (1977) reported a eutectic temperature of -37 degrees C for the system H2O-NaCl-FeCl2. In this study, it was not possible to verify this temperature due to the persistence of a metastable liquid down to liquid N2 temperatures (~-196 degrees C). Final ice melting temperatures were obtained for concentrations less than 24 wt% FeCl2 and show a decrease in temperature with increase in FeCl2 concentration. For more concentrated solutions, final melting temperatures could not be obtained because the samples could not be frozen. / Master of Science

From the early stages of planetary accretion and differentiation to the geomorphology of planetary surfaces and the evolution of life, fluids play an integral role in shaping planetary bodies. Fluid properties and processes were investigated under a range of planetary conditions through (1) experimental simulations of impact events and petrographic analysis of terrestrial impactites to determine the effects of shock metamorphism on fluid inclusion properties; and (2) numerical thermodynamic equilibrium modeling of aqueous alteration processes on Mars. Results of impact experiments and analyses of fluid inclusions in rocks from the Ries Crater and Meteor Crater indicate that fluid inclusions reequilibrate systematically with increasing shock pressure: stretching and decrepitating under low shock pressure conditions and collapsing at moderate shock pressures. Above the Hugenoit Elastic Limit, fluid inclusion vesicles are destroyed due to plastic deformation and phase transitions within the host mineral. This suggests that impact processing may result in the destruction of fluid inclusions, leading to shock devolatilization of target rocks. In addition, the absence of fluid inclusions in planetary materials does not preclude the presence of fluids on the meteorite's parent body. Thermodynamic modeling of aqueous alteration of basalt under Mars-relevant conditions provides constraints on the conditions under which secondary sulfates are likely to have formed. The results of this study indicate that jarosite is likely to form as a result of water-limited chemical weathering of basalts. Magnesium sulfates are only predicted to form as a result of evaporation. This suggests that in order to form the alteration assemblages recently observed by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum, water must have been removed from the system after a geologically short period of time, before fluids came into equilibrium with mafic surface materials and became alkaline. / Ph. D.

Magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits are formed in association with aqueous fluids that exsolve from hydrous silicate melts during ascent and crystallization. These fluids are invariably trapped as inclusions in vein-filling minerals associated with hydrothermal fluid flow, and their composition may be modeled based on the H₂O-NaCl system. Thus, if we know the pressure-volume-temperature-composition (PVTX) properties of H₂O-NaCl solutions, it is possible to interpret the PTX trapping conditions, which is important for understanding the processes leading to the generation of the hydrothermal system and ore mineralization. High salinity (> 26 wt. % NaCl) fluid inclusions contain liquid, vapor, and halite at room temperature, and are common in magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits. These inclusions homogenize in one of three ways: A) halite disappearance (Tmhalite) followed by liquid-vapor homogenization (ThL-V), B) simultaneous ThL-V and Tmhalite, or C) ThL-V followed by Tmhalite. The PVTX properties of H₂O-NaCl solutions three phase (L+V+H) and liquid-vapor (L+V) phase boundaries are well constrained, allowing researchers to interpret the minimum trapping pressure of inclusion types A and B. However, data that describe the pressure at Tmhalite for inclusion type C are limited to a composition of 40 wt. % NaCl. To resolve this problem, the synthetic fluid inclusion technique was used to determine the relationship between homogenization temperature and minimum trapping pressure for inclusions that homogenize by mode C. These results allow researchers to interpret the minimum trapping pressure of these inclusions, and by extension the depth at which the inclusions formed. The temporal and spatial distribution of fluid inclusions formed in associated with porphyry copper mineralization has been predicted using a computer model. A simple geologic model of an epizonal intrusion was developed based on a Burnham-style model for porphyry systems and thermal models of the evolution of epizonal intrusions. The phase stability fields and fluid inclusion characteristics at any location and time were predicted based on PVTX properties of H₂O-NaCl solutions. These results provide vectors towards the center of a magmatic-hydrothermal system that allow explorationists to use fluid inclusion petrography to predict position with the overall porphyry environment when other indicators of position are absent. / Ph. D.

In many geologic environments, fluids have compositions that are approximated by the H₂O-NaCl system. When minerals grow in the presence of such fluids, some of the solution is trapped in the growing mineral as fluid inclusions. The salinity, temperature of homogenization, and pressure of homogenization are required to predict the trapping conditions of the fluid inclusion. In the laboratory the salinity and the temperature of homogenization of the trapped fluid are easily determined however, the pressure of homogenization cannot be determined directly, and must be calculated from an equation of state. A statistical model that relates the vapor pressure of H₂O-NaCl to the fluid temperature and composition has been developed. The model consists of equations that predict the vapor pressure of H₂O-NaCl from the eutectic temperature (-21.2°C) to 1500°C and for all compositions between the pure end-members. The model calculates the vapor pressure based on the composition (wt% NaCl) and the temperature of homogenization, which can be directly obtained from laboratory studies of fluid inclusions. This information in turn can be used to construct the isochore, or line of constant volume, along which the fluid inclusion was trapped. Finally the isochore can be used to determine the temperature and pressure at which the host mineral of the fluid inclusion was trapped. / Master of Science

A Formação Serra Alta é constituída por uma sequência de folhelhos e siltitos cinza supostamente de origem marinha. Esta unidade é uma potencial rocha geradora de hidrocarbonetos e zona preferencial para alojamento de sills associados ao magmatismo Serra Geral. Visando a caracterização do potencial gerador de hidrocarbonetos, a evolução térmica e os paleofluidos diagenéticos da Formação Serra Alta, foram realizadas medidas de concentração de carbono orgânico total (COT) e hidrogênio (H) em amostras coletadas em afloramentos e estudos isotópicos e de inclusões fluidas em materiais diagenéticos. Os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT) e hidrogênio (H) para as amostras de folhelhos da Formação Serra Alta estão situados entre 0,1 e 0,5% e entre 0,24 e 3,20%, respectivamente. Os dados microtermométricos apresentaram temperaturas de homogeneização (Th) que variaram de 55 a 220°C, temperaturas eutéticas (Te) de -57,5 a -49,5ºC (sistema H2O + NaCl + CaCl2) e temperaturas de fusão do gelo (Tfg) de -2,5 a 1,0°C, indicativas de salinidades baixas, entre 0 e 4,2% em peso de NaCl equivalente. Os resultados de \'\'delta\'\' POT.13\'\'C IND.PDB\' e \"delta\'\'POT.18\' \'O IND.PDB\' das amostras de veio e cimento de calcita demonstram valores negativos (%o), tanto para \'delta\'\'POT.13\' C quanto para \'delta\'\'POT.18 O. Enquanto os valores de \'delta\'\'POT.13\'\' C IND.PDB\' do cimento dos folhelhos da Formação Serra Alta variam entre -8,6 e -2,3%o, os veios de calcita apresentam uma estreita faixa de valores entre -5,1 e -3,7%o. Os teores de COT indicam potencial de geração de óleo e gás considerado baixo para os folhelhos da Formação Serra Alta. As características das inclusões (monofásicas associadas a bifásicas com pequena variação nas proporções volumétricas entre as fases), as salinidades relativamente constantes associadas às grandes variações em Th são indicativos de aprisionamento em zona freática de baixa temperatura (<50°C) com posterior reequilíbrio térmico causado por stretching devido ao soterramento e à presença de corpos ígneos. Os pleofluidos aquosos aprisionados como inclusões em zona de baixa temperatura, antes do pico térmico do Cretáceo, explicariam a ausência de inclusões fluidas primárias de hidrocarbonetos nos veios de calcita. As Th acima de 150ºC indicam elevada maturidade térmica alcançada pela Formação Serra Alta em função do soterramento e do magmatismo Serra Geral. Estes resultados são semelhantes aos obtidos para as formações adjacentes (Irati e Teresina) à Formação Serra Alta. Valores de \'delta\'\'POT.13\'\'C IND.PDB\' e \'delta\'\'POT.18\'\'O IND.PDB\' para o cimento carbonático dos folhelhos, revelam duas gerações ou duas fases de precipitação distintas da calcita. A primeira geração compatível com assinatura isotópica próxima ao fluido marinho original (\'delta\'\'POT.13\' C entre -2,3 e -4,6%o e \'delta\'\'POT.18\'O entre -7,6 e 1,4%o) e a segunda geração compatível com assinatura isotópica de um fluido diagenético de origem meteórica (\'delta\'\'POT.13\' C entre -6,2 e -8,6%o e \'delta\'\'POT.18\'O entre -8,4 e -4,1%o). Assim, a hipótese de origem meteórica para os fluidos percolantes nas fraturas corrobora a salinidade baixa registrada nas inclusões fluidas dos veios de calcita, mas com alguma influência ou modificação por meio de fluidos pré-existentes, que interagiram com carbonatos marinhos das unidades estratigráficas adjacentes (formações Irati e Teresina) à Formação Serra Alta. / The Serra Alta Formation at the eastern border of the Paraná Basin consists of a sequence of gray shales and siltstones presumably of marine origin. This unit is a potential source rock for hydrocarbons and preferred area for hosting sills associated with the early Cretaceous Serra Geral magmatism. In order to characterize the hydrocarbon generation potential, the thermal evolution and diagenetic paleofluids of the Serra Alta Formation, were performed measurements of concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) and hydrogen (H), in shale samples collected from outcrops, and isotope and fluid inclusions studies on diagenetic calcite. The total organic carbon (TOC) and hydrogen (H) contents for shale samples of the Serra Alta Formation lie between 0.1 and 0.5% and between 0.24 and 3.20% respectively. The microthermometry data show homogenization temperature (Th) ranging from 55 to 220°C, eutectic temperature (Te) from -57.5 to -49.5°C (H2O + CaCl2 + NaCl system) and ice melting temperatures from -2.5 to 1.0°C, indicative of low salinity between 0 and 4.2 wt. % of NaCl equivalent. \'delta\'\'POT.13\'\'IND.CPDB\' and \'delta\'\'POT.18\'O IND.PDB\' results from samples of calcite cement and veins demonstrate negative values (%o), both for \'delta\'\'POT.13\'C and for \'delta\'\'POT.18\'O. While the values \'delta\'\'POT.13\'C IND.PDB\' cement of the Serra Alta Formation shales vary between -8.6 and -2.3%o, the calcite veins have a narrow range of values between -5.1 and -3.7%o. The TOC content indicate that the shales of the Serra Alta Formation have low potential for oil and gas generation. The association of one-phase and two-phase fluid inclusions with small variations in volumetric ratio between phases and the relatively constant salinity associated with large variations in Th are indicative of fluid trapping in low temperature (<50°C) groundwater zone, with subsequent thermal reequilibrium caused by stretching due to burial and the presence of igneous bodies. The fluid trapping at this low temperature zone, before Cretaceous thermal peak, would explain the absence of hydrocarbon primary fluid inclusions in the calcite veins. Temperatures of homogenization higher than 150ºC indicate high thermal maturity achieved by the Serra Alta Formation due to burial and the Serra Geral magmatism. These results are similar to those obtained for the adjacent formations (Irati and Teresina) of the Serra Alta. \'delta\'\'POT.13\'C IND.PDB\' and \'delta\'\'POT.18\'O IND.PDB\' values for carbonate cement reveal two generations or two distinct phases of calcite precipitation. The first generation is compatible with isotopic signature close to the original marine carbonate (\'delta\'\'POT.13\'C between -2.3 and -4.6%o and \'delta\'\'POT.18\'O between -7.6 and 1.4%o) and the second generation is compatible with isotopic signature of a diagenetic fluid of meteoric origin (\'delta\'\'POT.13C between -6.2 and -8.6%o and \'delta\'\'POT.18\'O between -8.4 and -4.1%o). Thus, the meteoric origin for the paleofluids percolating in fractures corroborates the low salinity recorded in fluid inclusions from veins of calcite, but with some influence of paleofluids, which interacted with marine carbonates of stratigraphic units (Irati and Teresina formations) adjacent to the Serra Alta Formation.

A Jazida do Engenho (anomalia 09) está situada ao norte da Província Uranífera de Lagoa Real. A mineralização está associada aos albititos, rochas constituídas de plagioclásio, de composição albita a albita-oligoclásio, em porcentagem volumétrica igual ou superior a 70%. Também ocorrem epidositos mineralizados. Os minerais essenciais do albitito são piroxênio, granada, albita, anfibólio, e biotita. Neste trabalho foi estudada, por inclusões fluidas, boa parte dos minerais (piroxênio, granada, plagioclásio, titanita, epidoto) que constituem a seqüência mineralógica associada à mineralizações uraníferas dos albititos desta jazida. Os fluidos associados a piroxênio, granada e epidoto, aquo-salinos, primários e sem fases carbônicas apresentam características semelhantes, com leves variações. Todos apresentam média a alta salinidade (de 14 a 18% equivalente em peso de NaCl), onde os maiores valores correspondem ao piroxênio e os menores à granadas e epidotos. Os fluidos associados ao metassomatismo sódico, que gerou o plagioclásio albítico nos albititos, embora sejam aquo-salinos e sem fases carbônicas, apresentam salinidades muito inferiores às observadas no piroxênio, granada e epidoto, sugerindo processo de diluição bem mais intensos. Desta maneira, os fluidos da anomalia 09 apresentam uma diluição no sentido das fases minerais mais recentes. Os resultados sugerem que os processos de fomação do piroxênio ocorreram sob condições de pressão equivalente a 3,5 kbar que corresponde a profundidades de aproximadamente 10 km. Entretanto, a dilatação observada nas IF da albita durante o aquecimento, originaram uma dispersão nas medidas de Th, tornando pouco confiáveis os cálculos de pressão para esse mineral. A microscopia de IF em plagioclásios dos gnaisses (encaixantes dos albititos) sugere que, provavelmente, haveria fluidos carbônicos primários associados a esses minerais. Os fluidos com CO2 que aparecem nos gnaisses talvez também estejam presentes nos albititos, provavelmente como fluidos tardios ou intergranulares. Esta suposição baseia-se no fato de ter sido encontrado (durante os estudos de esmagamento nos albititos) indícios da presença de gases carbônicos. Estas tendências sugerem a ocorrência de duas etapas de albitização no setor de Lagoa Real: um associado a fluido composto por H2O + CO2 + sais (na encaixante gnáissica) e outro (no albitito) formado por uma fase aquo-salina. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho sugerem que, provavelmente, o Brasiliano foi um evento térmico sem um fluido predominante associado, pelo menos no setor de Lagoa Real. Do contrário, esse fluido deveria estar presente nos minerais da paragênese mineral. Finalmente, os dados obtidos na Jazida do Engenho permitiram verificar a ocorrência de um quadro de fluidos que apresentam variações composicionais em, pelo menos, três estágios diferentes: Piroxênio magmático &#8594; Px metamórfico associado a urânio &#8594; albita (poligonizada) associada a urânio, faltando posicionar o fluido associado à albita precoce. / The Engenho deposit (anomaly 09) is south-eastern from Cachoeira Mine (anomaly 13), in the northern part of the Province. The uranium mineralization is associated to albitites (over 70% of albite/oligoclase). Epidosites with uranium may also occur. The albitite main minerals are pyroxene, garnet, albite/oligoclase feldspar, amphibole and biotite. Pyroxene, garnet, plagioclase, titanite and epidote are the minerals associated to the uranium mineralization. The fluids related to pyroxene, garnet and epidote are aqueous-saline, primary and with no carbonic phases and are constant, with small variations. They all present medium to high salinity (14 to 18wt% NaCl eq.), the higher values being related to pyroxene and the lower ones related to garnet and epidote. The fluids associated to albite/oligoclase, although aquo-saline and with no carbonic phases, show salinities much lower than in pyroxene, garnet and epidote, suggesting a intense dilution process indicating dilution toward the later minerals phases. The data suggest the pyroxene formation process occurring under a 3,5 kbar pressure condition which corresponds to approximately 10km depth. The dispersion on Th in albites, due probably to the overheating and non elastic increase in volume, precluded a reliable pressure calculation. The IFs microscopy in plagioclase gneiss (albitites host-rocks) suggests the probability of primary carbonic fluids associated to these minerals. The fluids with CO2 showed in the gneiss maybe also be present in the albitites, probably as late or intergranular fluids. This assumption is based on the fact that signs of carbonic gases were shown during crushing tests. These tendencies suggest the occurrence of two albitization phases in this Lagoa Real area: one associated to a fluid composed by H2O + CO2 + salts (in the gneiss host) and another (in the albitite) formed by an aqueous-saline phase. The data indicate the Brasiliano event as a thermal event without a predominant fluid associated, at least in this Lagoa Real area. Otherwise, the presence of this fluid should be present in the mineral paragenesis. Finally, the data from the Engenho deposit indicate the occurrence of fluids showing compositional variations in, at least, three different stages: magmatic pyroxene &#8594; metamorphic pyroxene associated to uranium &#8594; albite (recristalized) associated to uranium. The place of the aqueous-carbonic fluid associated to previous albite is still unknown.

A Formação Teresina na borda leste da Bacia do Paraná inclui fácies terrígenas e carbonáticas, as quais se destacam pela diversidade e quantidade de produtos autigênicos. Isto inclui calcedônia pervasiva e cimentos e veios de quartzo e calcita.Os componentes de ocorrência mais restrita abrangem barita, celestita, analcima, dolomita, interestratificados de esmectita-ilita, saponita e betume sólido. Os veios de calcita e quartzo são predominantemente verticais. Porém, salienta-se a ocorrência de veios horizontais de calcita paralelos ao acamamento (veios beef). Análises petrográficas foram utilizadas para caracterização dos componentes autigênicos e de suas relações texturais. Análises de inclusões fluidas foram realizadas em calcita e quartzo autigênicos para estimar paleotemperaturas e caracterizar a composição dos paleofluidos aquosos e hidrocarbonetos identificados. A silicificação por calcedônia afeta principalmente as fácies de calcários e teria ocorrido durante a eodiagênese possivelmente influenciada por eventos hidrotermais permo-triássicos. As paragêneses minerais formadas por barita, dolomita e calcita blocosa em cavidade de dissolução em chert nodular brechado e calcita espática, barita, celestita e analcima em calcário recristalizado estão de acordo com possível origem hidrotermal. A reativação de falhas profundas pela propagação intraplaca dos esforços ligados à Orogenia La Ventana na borda sul do Gondwana e o impacto de Araguainha provocariam importantes alterações térmicas em ampla área da bacia e poderiam gerar zonas de hidrotermalismo durante o Permo-Triássico. Temperaturas de homogeneização de inclusões fluidas em calcita e quartzo indicam que a Formação Teresina e a Formação Corumbataí, unidade correlata à Formação Teresina no norte da área estudada, alcançaram temperaturas de no mínimo 200°C, possivelmente até 400°C. Geminação do tipo fragmentada (patch) em cristais de calcita de veios horizontais e verticais indicam deformação a temperaturas maiores que 200°C. Inclusões fluidas em calcita e quartzo das formações Teresina e Corumbataí registram paleofluidos aquosos de salinidade baixa (0-5% em peso equivalente de NaCl) a alta (20-25% em peso equivalente de NaCl). Inclusões fluidas aquosas de alta salinidade associadas a inclusões de hidrocarbonetos leves indicam a migração de paleofluidos de alta profundidade em zonas de fratura da Formação Corumbataí. Inclusões fluidas de salinidade baixa indicariam paleofluidos de origem meteórica. Paleotemperaturas maiores que 200°C na Formação Teresina são relativamente altas para serem alcançadas somente por soterramento na borda leste da Bacia do Paraná. O mesmo acontece para a ocorrência de interestratificados de esmectita-ilita, que requerem temperaturas entre 80 e 125°C. A ampla área de ocorrência e o registro destas paleotemperaturas em veio de calcita em dique básico permitem atribuí-las ao aquecimento pelo magmatismo Serra Geral durante o Eocretáceo. Fluidos com diferentes salinidades em áreas adjacentes indicam a falta de comunicação horizontal e restrição dos paleofluidos a caminhos verticais de migração. Assim, a migração seria principalmente vertical e ocorreria em compartimentos separados por falhas e zonas de fraturas verticais geradas ou reativadas durante os eventos tectônicos do Permo-Triássico e Cretáceo. Os veios beef estariam associados a compartimentos com sobrepressão na Formação Teresina, que permitiram a saída de águas de poro de alta salinidade, possivelmente combinada com a geração e expulsão de hidrocarbonetos durante o magmatismo Serra Geral. Fraturas verticais de direção NW a NNW e NE a NNE seriam os principais caminhos de migração dos fluidos aquosos de poros e de hidrocarbonetos, além de permitirem a entrada de água meteórica em zonas mais profundas. Essas fraturas estariam associadas principalmente à descontinuidades do embasamento reativadas, onde as falhas da Jacutinga (NE) e de Guapiara (NW) representariam as principais estruturas da área estudada. O betume sólido que preenche fraturas de direção NW na Formação Teresina corresponderia a hidrocarbonetos líquidos termicamente alterados (pirobetume) pelo magmatismo Serra Geral. A espessura reduzida das unidades sedimentares situadas entre a Formação Teresina e as rochas magmáticas da Formação Serra Geral no flanco norte do Arco de Ponta Grossa, nas áreas de Jacarezinho-Joaquim Távora (PR) e de Taguaí-Fartura (SP), propiciaria efeito térmico mais intenso da capa de basalto sobre a Formação Teresina. / The Permian Teresina Formation in the eastern flank of the Paraná Basin stands out due to the diversity and high content of autigenic products. These products include pervasive calcedony and cements and veins of quartz and calcite, associated with other autigenic minerals that comprise barite, celestite, analcime, dolomite, illite-smectite interstratification and saponite. The Teresina Formation also stands for the occurrence of several horizontal parallel-bedding calcite veins (beef veins), besides solid bitumen and light hydrocarbons. Petrographic analysis under optical microscope and scan electron microscope coupled with an EDS attachment were used to recognize autigenic minerals and their textural relationships. Fluid inclusions analysis were performed in the main autigenic minerals (calcite and quartz) to estimate paleotemperatures and to acquire the composition of aqueous paleofluids and hydrocarbons. The intense silicification of the limestones of the Teresina Formation would have happened during eodiagenesis, possibly associated with hydrothermal events. The reactivation of deep faults due to, the propagation of intraplate stress from the La Ventana Orogeny in the southern border of Gondwana and the Araguainha impact event would have caused important thermal alterations in a wide area of the basin, promoting hidrothermal activity during the Permo-Triassic. Barite, dolomite and blocky calcite paragenesis in dissolution cavities from brecciated nodular chert and spar calcite, barite, celestite and high temperature analcime paragenesis in recrystallized limestone are in agreement with a possible hydrothermal origin. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions from calcite and quartz show that the Teresina Formation and the Corumbataí Formation, which is correlated to the Teresina Formation in the northern portion of the studied area, reached temperatures of at least 200°C, possibly until 400°C. Patch twins in calcite veins also indicate deformation under temperatures above 200°C. The Teresina and Corumbataí formations record inclusions in calcite and quartz with low (0-5 wt.%NaCl eq.) to high (20-25 wt.%NaCl eq.) salinity aqueous paleofluids. The high salinity aqueous inclusions associated with light hydrocarbons inclusions indicate migration of deep buried paleofluids in fractures zones within the Corumbataí Formation. The low salinity aqueous fluids suggest the input of meteoric water to deep zones. Paleotemperatures higher than 200°C in the Teresina Formation are relatively high to be reached by burial in the eastern border of the Paraná· Basin. The same is interpreted through the occurrence of cements made by illite-smectite interstratification, which requires temperatures between 80 and 125°C. These paleotemperatures are attributed to the heating due to the Serra Geral magmatism during the Early Cretaceous. Fluids with different salinities in neighbor areas show the lack of horizontal fluid flux communication. Thus, fluid migration would be mainly vertical and restricted to compartments separated by faults or vertical fracture zones generated or reactivated by tectonic events during Permo-Triassic and Cretaceous. The beef veins indicate the development of overpressured compartments in the Teresina Formation, which allowed the output of buried high salinity pore waters, combined with hydrocarbon generation and expulsion during the Early Cretaceous Serra Geral heating event. Vertical NW to NNW and NE to NNE fractures would be the main pathways for the migration of buried pore waters and hydrocarbons, besides the input of meteoric water. These fractures would be associated to the reactivation of basement discontinuities. The Jacutinga (NE) and Guapiara (NW) faults and associated fractures would represent the main pathways for fluid migration in the studied area. The solid bitumen filling NW fractures in the Teresina Formation would correspond to thermally altered liquid hydrocarbons (pyrobitumen). The reduced thickness of the stratigraphical units between the Teresina and Serra Geral formations in the northern flank of the Ponta Grossa Arch, which includes the Jacarezinho- Joaquim Távora (PR) and Taguaí-Fartura (SP) areas, improved the thermal effect of the basalt cap on the underlying Permian units, allowing a high temperature regional thermal background.