Social tagging systems, known as ‘folksonomies’, represent an important part of web resource discovery as they enable free and unrestricted browsing through information space. Folksonomies consisting of subject designators (tags) assigned by users, however, have one important drawback: they do not express semantic relationships either hierarchical or associative between tags. As a consequence, the use of tags to browse information resources requires moving from one resource to another, based on coincidence and not on the pre-established meaningful or logical connections that may exist between related resources. We suggest that the semantic structure of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) may be used in complementing and supporting tag-based browsing. In this work, two specific questions were investigated: (1) Are terms used as tags in folksonomies included in the UDC? and (2) Which facets of UDC match the characteristics of documents or information objects that are tagged in folksonomies? A collection of the most popular tags from Amazon, LibraryThing, Delicious and 43Things was investigated. The universal nature of UDC was examined through the universality of topics and facets covering diverse human interests which are at the same time interconnected and form a rich and intricate semantic structure. The results suggest that UDC-supported folksonomies could be implemented in resource discovery, in particular in library portals and catalogues.

Because electronic commerce has been flourishing in recent year, the amount and the variety of information on the web have also been rapidly increasing. However, many problems occur as the result of information overload. This thesis is to study the issue of information overload in the field of multimedia that covers not only medium of diffuse knowledge but also entertainment of everyday life. The main goal of this work is to use personalized recommendation technologies to help users select multimedia he is interested in. The thesis investigates two types of personalized recommendation: tag-based recommendation and context-aware recommendation. Regarding the former kind of recommendation, Folksonomy is the popular Web2.0 application that allows users tagging items to indicate the corresponding characteristics. These tags, provided by the users, directly or indirectly reflect his personal interests. Therefore the recommendation performance is enhanced when the tags are used with computational methods. On the other hand, the latter kind focuses on the contents and the relevant situations, because what multimedia is considered suitable for users can be different under different situations. The advantages of the personalized recommendation technology can improve performance of recommendation and take the context into account at the same time. Meanwhile this study also implements a working system for personalized multimedia recommendation.

Tagging is widely adopted in so-called "collaborative-tagging" systems which are one of the Web 2.0 applications that have achieved lots of attention lately. They provide services for users to store, manage and search web resources with the help of freely chosen keywords, called "tags". Because of the high-volume usage of these systems and the annotations that users provide by their tags, these systems are regarded as good targets for disciplines like knowledge discovery. Roughly, two lines of research have been pursued so far on collaborative tagging: to study the structure of tags and to study their functionality in web search. In this research we investigated tagging structures in a popular collaborative-tagging system, called del.icio.us, by focusing on the relations of "tags", "users" and "web resources", three main components of any collaborative-tagging system. Particularly we are interested in finding whether there are social structures that could be used to increase the usability of these systems for content retrieval and navigation. Our results show that people mainly use tags for their own informational needs which are personal rather than social. Any social structure or communities around tags and users is rare and weak which suggests that collaborative tagging has not added much to personal bookmarking. However, we show some regularities in tagging behavior that could be utilized for user experience improvement. / Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2008-12-04 14:34:37.537

Tagging has become one of the key activities in next generation websites which allow users selecting short labels to annotate, manage, and share multimedia information such as photos, videos and bookmarks. Tagging does not require users any prior training before participating in the annotation activities as they can freely choose any terms which best represent the semantic of contents without worrying about any formal structure or ontology. However, the practice of free-form tagging can lead to several problems, such as synonymy, polysemy and ambiguity, which potentially increase the complexity of managing the tags and retrieving information. To solve these problems, this research aims to construct a lightweight indexing scheme to structure tags by identifying and disambiguating the meaning of terms and construct a knowledge base or dictionary. News has been chosen as the primary domain of application to demonstrate the benefits of using structured tags for managing the rapidly changing and dynamic nature of news information. One of the main outcomes of this work is an automatically constructed vocabulary that defines the meaning of each named entity tag, which can be extracted from a news article (including person, location and organisation), based on experts suggestions from major search engines and the knowledge from public database such as Wikipedia. To demonstrate the potential applications of the vocabulary, we have used it to provide more functionalities in an online news website, including topic-based news reading, intuitive tagging, clipping and sharing of interesting news, as well as news filtering or searching based on named entity tags. The evaluation results on the impact of disambiguating tags have shown that the vocabulary can help to significantly improve news searching performance. The preliminary results from our user study have demonstrated that users can benefit from the additional functionalities on the news websites as they are able to retrieve more relevant news, clip and share news with friends and families effectively.

In multimedia databases, data are images, audio, video, texts, etc. Research interests in these types of databases have increased in the last decade or so, especially with the advent of the Internet and Semantic Web. Fundamental research issues vary from unified data modelling, retrieval of data items and dynamic nature of updates. The thesis builds on findings in Semantic Web and retrieval techniques and explores novel tagging methods for identifying data items. Tagging systems have become popular which enable the users to add tags to Internet resources such as images, video and audio to make them more manageable. Collaborative tagging is concerned with the relationship between people and resources. Most of these resources have metadata in machine processable format and enable users to use free- text keywords (so-called tags) as search techniques. This research references some tagging systems, e.g. Flicker, delicious and myweb2.0. The limitation with such techniques includes polysemy (one word and different meaning), synonymy (different words and one meaning), different lexical forms (singular, plural, and conjugated words) and misspelling errors or alternate spellings. The work presented in this thesis introduces semantic characterization of web resources that describes the structure and organization of tagging, aiming to extend the existing Multimedia Query using similarity measures to cater for collaborative tagging. In addition, we discuss the semantic difficulties of tagging systems, suggesting improvements in their accuracies. The scope of our work is classified as follows: (i) Increase the accuracy and confidence of multimedia tagging systems. (ii) Increase the similarity measures of images by integrating varieties of measures. To address the first shortcoming, we use the WordNet based on a tagging system for social sharing and retrieval of images as a semantic lingual ontology resource. For the second shortcoming we use the similarity measures in different ways to recognise the multimedia tagging system. Fundamental to our work is the novel information model that we have constructed for our computation. This is based on the fact that an image is a rich object that can be characterised and formulated in n-dimensions, each dimension contains valuable information that will help in increasing the accuracy of the search. For example an image of a tree in a forest contains more information than an image of the same tree but in a different environment. In this thesis we characterise a data item (an image) by a primary description, followed by n-secondary descriptions. As n increases, the accuracy of the search improves. We give various techniques to analyse data and its associated query. To increase the accuracy of the tagging system we have performed different experiments on many images using similarity measures and various techniques from VoI (Value of Information). The findings have shown the linkage/integration between similarity measures and that VoI improves searches and helps/guides a tagger in choosing the most adequate of tags.

Due to rapid development of the internet, it changes the life style of the human. The internet expert had reported that we are now in Web2.0 era. This research tries to explore how web GIS can fullfil the spirit of the Web2.0 and its possible applications. The first step of the research is to review the related techniques and applications of Geospatial web services and Web2.0. Then, a system with open GIS data structure was proposed and a web system was also established according to the spirit of Web2.0 - ¡§user participation¡¨. Web Map Services (WMS) and Web Feature Services (WFS) defined by Open Geospatial Consortium(OGC) were used in Geospatial web services system to search and view Geospatial data on the internet. Users can integrate spatial data from various sources on the internet and their own geospatial data and save as Web Map Context (WMC) file format. Then, WMC can be exchanged by other OGC Geospatial web services. In addition, the system supports file format transformation from WMC to KML, which is compatible with Google Earth. So users can use Google Earth to view the spatial layer information more easily. This study also developed a platform to demonstrate geospatial information in the blog, so users can share their Geospatial data in open GIS format with other bloggers. The system also use Google Map API and folksonomy in the data sharing process in order to speed up the web flow and to communicate their comments more easily.

Darydamas šį Magistro baigiamąjį darbą siekiau išanalizuoti kaip ir kokius Web 2.0 technologijos sprendimus panaudojant yra kuriamos bendruomenės internete, pritaikytos mobiliųjų telefonų vartotojams. Tuo pačiu palyginti analogiškos paskirties, bet skirtingų kompanijų realizuotas internete vartotojų asmenines aplinkas. Išnagrinėti mobilaus ryšio vartotojų bendruomenės internete informacinės bazės kaupimo galimybes. Palyginti jau esamas, internete realizuotas mobilių telefonų vartotojams skirtas aplinkas, bei realizuoti universalių, mobiliųjų telefonų vartotojams skirtą, bendruomenės modelį. Kadangi Web 2.0 technologija yra palyginti naujas reiškinys, buvo naudinga bei įdomu ištirti jos įrankių bei technologijų panaudojimo galimybes bei naudą realizuojant bendruomenės modelį, siejant visus principus su paslaugomis, skirtomis mobiliųjų telefonų vartotojams. / When I was doing this final Master thesis I had a purpose to investigate how and which Web 2.0 technology solutions can be used to create communities in the internet, which are designed for mobile phones users. Herewith, to compare personal environments for users with analogical purpose which are performed in different realization methods. Also, to investigate the information content storage facilities. To compare already realized environments of mobile phone users in the internet, and to implement the universal community model for these users in the internet. Web 2.0 is quite new technology, so it was useful and interesting to investigate the usage possibilities and benefit for implementing the community model, with associations to users of mobile devices.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:52:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo1844_1.pdf: 1599198 bytes, checksum: 84a19c5d7769a76fba813a0cac740509 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / As organizações, com o intuito de aumentarem o seu grau de competitividade no mercado, vêm a cada instante buscando novas formas de evoluir a produtividade e a qualidade dos produtos desenvolvidos, além da diminuição de custos que está diretamente relacionada ao aumento do faturamento líquido. Para que tais objetivos possam ser alcançados é primordial explorar ao máximo o potencial de seus colaboradores e os possíveis relacionamentos que esses colaboradores têm uns com os outros, ou seja, encontrar e partilhar conhecimento tácito. Como o conhecimento tático está na mente das pessoas, é difícil de ser formalizado e documentado, por isso, o ideal seria identificar e recomendar a pessoa que detém o conhecimento. Diante disso, a presente dissertação apresenta o Sistema de Recomendação de Especialistas SWEETS e a sua implantação no ambiente a.m.i.g.o.s., uma plataforma de gestão de conhecimento baseada em conceitos voltados às redes sociais. O SWEETS foi desenvolvido em duas versões, 1.0 e 2.0. A versão 1.0, de forma pró-ativa, aproxima pessoas com especialidades em comum, ora pelos seus conhecimentos (perfil de escrita), ora pelos seus interesses (perfil de leitura). Já a versão 2.0 do SWEETS não atua de forma pró-ativa, ou seja, é necessário que haja a requisição de um usuário especialista em determinada área, e é baseada em folksonomia para extração de uma ontologia, fundamental para identificar as especialidades das pessoas de forma mais eficaz. Esta ontologia é refletida pela co-ocorrência das tags (conceitos) em relação aos itens (instâncias) e é independente de domínio principal contribuição dessa dissertação. A implantação do SWEETS no a.m.i.g.o.s. visa trazer benefícios como: minimizar o problema de comunicação na corporação, prover um incentivo ao conhecimento social e partilhar conhecimento; proporcionando, assim, à empresa, a utilização mais eficaz dos conhecimentos de seus colaboradores

Os efeitos de rede criados por uma arquitetura de participação no contexto da Web 2.0, possibilitou um maior compartilhamento e disseminação das informações e arquivos entre os internautas, como também recursos para uma gestão coletiva no que tange a organização desses conteúdos por meio do processo da folksonomia. Esta que é configurada como um sistema colaborativo de rotulação/classificação realizado pelo sujeito-navegador utilizando-se das tags (palavras-chave), para indexar de forma livre as informações e arquivos de seu interesse. O intento desse trabalho é discutir, sob a ótica da Analise do Discurso de filiação Francesa, as formas como o sujeito tem se posicionado discursivamente na organização das informações e arquivos no ambiente da rede através das tags; visando uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de interpretação da materialidade linguística. Observa-se que dentro desse contexto calcado pela interatividade, e pela convergência das mídias, exige-se cada vez mais a inscrição dos sujeitos, o desenrolar da palavra que não pode cessar; esse aspecto não modifica apenas o modo de organização dos dizeres, mas também o modo de constituição e circulação dos mesmos, visto que o sujeito passa a ter uma outra relação com as palavras. A partir dos pressupostos conceituais da Análise do Discurso, analisamos os efeitos de sentidos instalados pela tag Egito nas informações e arquivos do sistema de microblog Twitter e do bookmarking social Delicious. O que nos permitiu que fosse realizado o cotejo dos sentidos que envolvem as tags e os dizeres a partir do processo da folksonomia na web, investigando a forma como a ideologia opera no trânsito dos dizeres, gerando (im)possibilidades de leituras e acesso aos arquivos sobre Egito. Observamos também, como as condições de produção possibilitadas pelas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TICs), permitem a circulação de outras maneiras de dizer, organizar, indexar e significar as informações, utilizando-se da inteligência coletiva para a elaboração de novos métodos de organização e busca das informações na web. / Network effects created by an architecture of participation in the context of Web 2.0, enabled a major sharing and dissemination of information and files between the users on Internet, as well as resources for a collective management regarding the organization of this contents through the process of folksonomy. This is configured as a collaborative system of labeling/classification performed by the subjects using tags (keywords) to index in a \"free\" form the information and files of interest. The intent of this paper is to discuss, from the perspective of the Analysis of the Discourse of French filiation, the ways in which the subject has been discursively positioned in the organization of information and files in the network environment through the tags, in order to reflect on the possibilities of interpretation of linguistic materiality. It is observed that within this context underpinned by interactivity and media convergence, it requires increasing the enrollment of subjects, the conduct of the word that cant cease, this aspect not only modifies the way of organization saying, but also the way of constitution and circulation of the same ones, since the subject starts to have one another relationship with words. From the conceptual assumptions of discourse analysis, we analyzed the effects of meanings installed by the tag \"Egypt\" on information and files on the microblog Twitter and Delicious social bookmarking. What allowed it to be done in the comparison involving the senses the tags and the words from the process of web folksonomy, investigating how ideology operates in the transit of words, generating (im) possibilities of readings and access to files in Egypt. We also observed how the conditions of production made possible by information and communication technologies (ICTs), allow the movement of other ways to tell, organize, index and mean information, using the collective intelligence for the development of new methods to organize and find information on the web.

Os efeitos de rede criados por uma arquitetura de participação no contexto da Web 2.0, possibilitou um maior compartilhamento e disseminação das informações e arquivos entre os internautas, como também recursos para uma gestão coletiva no que tange a organização desses conteúdos por meio do processo da folksonomia. Esta que é configurada como um sistema colaborativo de rotulação/classificação realizado pelo sujeito-navegador utilizando-se das tags (palavras-chave), para indexar de forma livre as informações e arquivos de seu interesse. O intento desse trabalho é discutir, sob a ótica da Analise do Discurso de filiação Francesa, as formas como o sujeito tem se posicionado discursivamente na organização das informações e arquivos no ambiente da rede através das tags; visando uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de interpretação da materialidade linguística. Observa-se que dentro desse contexto calcado pela interatividade, e pela convergência das mídias, exige-se cada vez mais a inscrição dos sujeitos, o desenrolar da palavra que não pode cessar; esse aspecto não modifica apenas o modo de organização dos dizeres, mas também o modo de constituição e circulação dos mesmos, visto que o sujeito passa a ter uma outra relação com as palavras. A partir dos pressupostos conceituais da Análise do Discurso, analisamos os efeitos de sentidos instalados pela tag Egito nas informações e arquivos do sistema de microblog Twitter e do bookmarking social Delicious. O que nos permitiu que fosse realizado o cotejo dos sentidos que envolvem as tags e os dizeres a partir do processo da folksonomia na web, investigando a forma como a ideologia opera no trânsito dos dizeres, gerando (im)possibilidades de leituras e acesso aos arquivos sobre Egito. Observamos também, como as condições de produção possibilitadas pelas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TICs), permitem a circulação de outras maneiras de dizer, organizar, indexar e significar as informações, utilizando-se da inteligência coletiva para a elaboração de novos métodos de organização e busca das informações na web. / Network effects created by an architecture of participation in the context of Web 2.0, enabled a major sharing and dissemination of information and files between the users on Internet, as well as resources for a collective management regarding the organization of this contents through the process of folksonomy. This is configured as a collaborative system of labeling/classification performed by the subjects using tags (keywords) to index in a \"free\" form the information and files of interest. The intent of this paper is to discuss, from the perspective of the Analysis of the Discourse of French filiation, the ways in which the subject has been discursively positioned in the organization of information and files in the network environment through the tags, in order to reflect on the possibilities of interpretation of linguistic materiality. It is observed that within this context underpinned by interactivity and media convergence, it requires increasing the enrollment of subjects, the conduct of the word that cant cease, this aspect not only modifies the way of organization saying, but also the way of constitution and circulation of the same ones, since the subject starts to have one another relationship with words. From the conceptual assumptions of discourse analysis, we analyzed the effects of meanings installed by the tag \"Egypt\" on information and files on the microblog Twitter and Delicious social bookmarking. What allowed it to be done in the comparison involving the senses the tags and the words from the process of web folksonomy, investigating how ideology operates in the transit of words, generating (im) possibilities of readings and access to files in Egypt. We also observed how the conditions of production made possible by information and communication technologies (ICTs), allow the movement of other ways to tell, organize, index and mean information, using the collective intelligence for the development of new methods to organize and find information on the web.