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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The Ability to Purchase Organic Food Items among Participants of the Women, Infants, and Children Program in Los Angeles County

Doran, Brenna Colleen 01 January 2016 (has links)
Lack of accessibility to healthy foods is a factor associated with the increase in obesity, diabetes, and other negative health consequences. While programs such as WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) provide supplemental nutritional access to healthy foods, few organic food items are included in the WIC authorized food list. Government programs and policy makers that provide to the most vulnerable populations are concerned about equal availability of healthy foods. The purpose of this study was to compare variability and cost of organic food items in 24 large chain grocery stores located in high- and low-income areas. The theoretical concepts of social production of disease and political economy of health guided the study. The study used a quantitative research design to investigate the relationship between neighborhood income level and the consumer nutrition environment. Organic food scores were compared by neighborhood income level using t test and ANOVA. There were significant differences in availability and variability scores of healthy organic foods between high- and low-income neighborhood stores. Organic food items, specifically 15% fat content ground beef, peanut butter, apple juice, and eggs were priced significantly higher than conventional items (p < 0.05). Pricing of organic foods varied and no significant pricing trends were noted between neighborhood income levels. This study may contribute to social change by enhancing the conversation on organic food availability and affordability. Social change may be promoted through identification of the need to expand WIC authorization of organic food items and increasing produce voucher amount to allow WIC participants to purchase higher amounts of organic produce.
2

IntegraÃÃo Espacial Entre os PreÃos das Cestas BÃsicas da RegiÃo Nordeste do Brasil e Taxas do Mercado Financeiro / SPATIAL INTEGRATION BETWEEN THE PRICES OF BASIC FOOD BASKETS FROM THE NORTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL AND FINANCIAL MARKET RATES

Kaliny KÃlvia Pessoa Siqueira Lima 28 February 2014 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O custo da cesta bÃsica influencia o salÃrio mÃnimo do trabalhador brasileiro,os resultados deste estudo podem, nesse sentido, evidenciar nÃo somente o comportamento de preÃos bÃsicos do mercado, mas tambÃm da tendÃncia e do comportamento do salÃrio mÃnimo, alÃm das relaÃÃes causais e de transmissÃo de preÃos entre as cidades. Nesse contexto, reveste-se de importÃncia estudos que buscam verificar a integraÃÃo espacial entre os preÃos da cesta bÃsica, aplicado Ãs capitais do Brasil. O presente trabalho abrange sÃries temporais mensais dos preÃos da cesta bÃsica das capitais do nordeste brasileiro AracajÃ, Fortaleza, Natal, JoÃo Pessoa, Recife e Salvador e taxas do mercado financeiro (taxa de juros, taxa de inflaÃÃo e taxa de cÃmbio) compreendendo do perÃodo de julho de 1994 a dezembro de 2013. A pesquisa tem como hipÃtese central os preÃos dos alimentos que compÃem a cesta bÃsica do Decreto-Lei 399/38 entre as capitais da RegiÃo Nordeste do Brasil sÃo integrados e, como objetivo geral verificar a integraÃÃo entre os mercados da cesta bÃsica nas principais capitais do Nordeste do Brasil e objetivos especÃficos analisar a causalidade e transmissÃo de preÃos entre a cesta bÃsica das seis capitais do Nordeste do Brasil e avaliar a causalidade entre as taxa de juros, taxa de inflaÃÃo, taxa de cÃmbio e os preÃos da cesta bÃsica das seis capitais do Nordeste do Brasil. A pesquisa trabalhou anÃlise bivariada e multivariada com metodologias de causalidade e transmissÃo de preÃos avaliando em princÃpio a estacionariedade com os testes ADF e KPSS, co-integraÃÃo com o teste de Engle e Granger baseado em Johansen, transmissÃo de preÃos atravÃs do vetor de correÃÃo de erros (VEC), conforme necessÃrio, por fim o teste de causalidade de Granger. Os resultados para uma anÃlise bivariada mostraram que as sÃries sÃo estacionÃrias, possuindo co-integraÃÃo de ordem (I), mostrando atravÃs da anÃlise multivariada a transmissÃo de preÃos entre as capitais Salvador e Fortaleza para com Aracaju, Natal, Recife e JoÃo Pessoa. Para o teste de causalidade os mercados que mostraram ter uma relaÃÃo de causa e efeito foi Aracajà x Salvador e, para as taxas de mercado financeiro, a taxa de juros possui intensa transmissÃo de informaÃÃes e operaÃÃes arbitrÃrias, a taxa de cÃmbio nenhuma relaÃÃo significativa e a taxa de inflaÃÃo relaÃÃo causal proporcional entre intensidade das informaÃÃes. / The cost of the basic food basket influences the minimum wage of the Brazilian worker, the results of this study may, in these terms, reflect not only the behavior of basic market prices, but also the trend and behavior of the minimum wage, in addition to causal relationships and the transmission of prices between cities.Highlighting, in this context, the importance of studies that seek to verify the spatial integration between prices of basic food baskets, applied in the capitalsof Brazil.This study covers a monthly time-series of prices of the basic food baskets in the capitalsof the northeast of Brazil:AracajÃ, Fortaleza, Natal, JoÃo Pessoa, Recife and Salvador and the financial market rates (interest rate, inflation rate and exchange rate) in the July 1994 to December 2013 period.The study has as central hypothesis to verify if the prices of foodstuffs, which compose the basic food basket according to Decree-Law 399/38, are integrated between the capitals in the Northeast Region of Brazil, as general objective to verifythe integration between markets of the basic food basket in the main capitals in the Northeast of Brazil, and as specific objectives to analyze causality and transmission of prices of the basic food basket in the six capitals in the Northeast of Brazil and assess causality between interest rates, inflation rates, exchange rates and prices of the basic food baskets in the six capitals in the Northeast of Brazil. The study used bivariate and multivariate analysis with causality and transmission of price methods;initially assessing stationarity with ADF and KPSS tests, co-integration with the Engle-Granger test based on Johansen, price transmission using vector error correction (VEC) models, as necessary, and finally the Granger causality test.The results from the bivariate analysis showed that the series are stationary, with the co-integration of order (I), showing the transmission of prices, through multivariate analysis, between the capitals:Salvador and Fortaleza to Aracaju, Natal, Recife andJoÃo Pessoa. For the causality test the markets that presented a cause-effect relationship were Aracajà x Salvador, and for financial market rates, the interest rate has an intense transmission of information and arbitrary operations, the exchange rate has no significant relationship and the inflation rate has causal relationship proportional to the intensity of information
3

Analysis of the distribution of macronutrients of food baskets delivered by municipalities during the Covid-19 pandemic in Peru / Análisis de la distribución de macronutrientes en canastas alimentarias entregadas por las municipalidades durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en Perú

Morales-Cahuancama, Bladimir, Dolores-Maldonado, Gandy, Hinojosa-Mamani, Paul, Bautista-Olortegui, William, Quispe-Gala, Cinthia, Huamán-Espino, Lucio, Aparco, Juan Pablo 01 January 2022 (has links)
Objectives. Evaluate and compare the macronutrient distribution of the food baskets delivered by Peruvian municipalities during the COVID-19 pandemic according to the geographic domain and assigned budget level. Materials and methods. Secondary analysis of the database “Consultation of Acquisition and distribution of basic necessities of the basic family basket” of the General Comptroller of the Republic. Stratified probability sampling was carried out. The distribution of caloric intake was calculated according to macronutrients and compared with the Acceptable Intervals of Macronutrient Distribution (IADM) of the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) and the National Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI). Results. At the national level, the median caloric intake of proteins was 7.7%; carbohydrates 62.5%; and fats 28.1%. The proportion of municipalities with a protein deficit was 84%; Municipalities with excess carbohydrates ranged from 16.5% (according to INCAP) to 35.9% (according to INDECI), and with excess fat, it was 61.6% (according to INCAP) and 20.2% (according to INDECI). According to INDECI, nationally only 9.2% of municipalities delivered baskets with an adequate distribution of macronutrients; Metropolitan Lima stands out with the highest proportions of adequate baskets, while in the Jungle this percentage was less than 5%. Conclusions. Most of the baskets delivered did not have adequate macronutrient distribution. Especially the baskets of municipalities outside of Metropolitan Lima or that had a smaller budget. Carbohydrates and fats were the nutrients that were included in excess, while proteins were deficient. / Objetivos. Evaluar y comparar la distribución de macronutrientes de las canastas alimentarias entregadas por las municipalidades peruanas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 según dominio geográfico y nivel de presupuesto asignado. Materiales y métodos. Análisis secundario de la base de datos «Consulta de adquisición y distribución de bienes de primera necesidad de la canasta básica familiar» de la Contraloría General de la República. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Se calculó la distribución del aporte calórico según macronutrientes y se comparó con los intervalos aceptables de distribución de macronutrientes (IADM) del Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP) y del Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil (INDECI). Resultados. A nivel nacional la mediana del aporte calórico de las proteínas fue 7,7%; carbohidratos 62,5%, y grasas 28,1%. La proporción de municipalidades con canastas con déficit de proteínas fue de 84%. Las municipalidades con canastas con exceso de carbohidratos variaron de 16,5% (según INCAP) a 35,9% (según INDECI) y con exceso de grasas fue 61,6 % (según INCAP) y 20,2% (según INDECI). Según INDECI, a nivel nacional solo el 9,2% de municipalidades entregaron canastas con distribución adecuada de macronutrientes, aquí destaca Lima Metropolitana con las proporciones más altas; mientras que en la selva este porcentaje fue menor del 5%. Conclusiones. La mayoría de las canastas entregadas no tuvieron distribución adecuada de macronutrientes, en especial las canastas de municipalidades fuera de Lima Metropolitana o las que contaban con menor presupuesto. Los carbohidratos y las grasas fueron los nutrientes que se incluyeron en exceso, mientras que las proteínas tuvieron déficit. / Revisión por pares
4

Nutritional Content of Supplemental Food Baskets Distributed by Charitable Agencies in Northeast Tennessee.

Aliata, Lillian Khalili 01 May 2004 (has links) (PDF)
The purpose of this study was to determine if the nutritional needs of high-risk community members are met by supplemental food baskets distributed by charitable groups in northeast Tennessee. Hunger is a real problem among the area's elderly population, as 14.3% of the populations live at or below the poverty level. Data were collected using observation interviews at the food bank. A nutrient analysis tool was used to analyze the nutrient content of food items in a standard food basket. The findings were compared to the recommended dietary allowance for the elderly population. The supplemental food basket was adequate in calories but deficient in some nutrients especially calcium. In order to improve the quality of supplemental food baskets, organizations should solicit for highly nutritious foods that can better meet the nutritional needs of the elderly population.
5

Sledování nutriční kvality školních obědů a hodnocení pestrosti jídelního lístku na vybrané základní škole / Nutritional quality of school dinners and evaluation of menu variety at choice elementary school

PLOJHAROVÁ, Anna January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
6

Carga tributária indireta sobre o custo do cesto básico da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre

Santos, Everson Vieira dos January 2011 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho é estimar a participação dos principais tributos indiretos e contribuições (IPI, ICMS, PIS e COFINS) incidentes sobre os preços de dezembro de 2008, dos cinquenta e quatro produtos que formam o Cesto Básico calculado mensalmente pelo Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa Econômicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Assim, estimou-se a participação individual e total dos tributos indiretos e contribuições na formação do preço de cada um dos produtos do referido cesto. Estudou-se, ainda, a carga tributária brasileira no período de 1994 a 2008, bem como a sua relação com o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), estabelecendo-se comparações com o cenário internacional. Apresenta-se a participação dos tributos diretos e indiretos na formação da carga tributária brasileira, com base nos princípios tributários constitucionais de justiça social e equidade fiscal. Ainda, com este foco de discussão, são tratadas as bases econômicas da tributação, considerando os principais tributos diretos e indiretos da estrutura tributária brasileira. Finalizando, apresentam-se a teoria econômica acerca da tributação e de equilíbrio de mercado, as incidências dos tributos indiretos e os grupos de produtos estudados. / The objective of the present paper is to estimate the share of the main indirect taxes (IPI, ICMS, PIS and COFINS) levied over the December 2008 prices of the fifty-four products that make up the Basic Food Basket, calculated monthly by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Center for Economic Studies and Research. Then, we estimated the individual and total share of the indirect taxes in making up the price of each one of the products that make up that basket. We studied the Brazilian tax load in the period between 1994 and 2008, as well as its relationship to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), making comparisons against the international scenario. We present the role of direct and indirect taxes in the make-up of the Brazilian tax load based on the constitutional tax principles of social justice and fiscal equity. Still focused on this discussion, we address the economic bases of taxation considering the main direct and indirect Brazilian taxes. Concluding, we present the economic theory of taxation and market balance, the indirect levied and the groups of product studied.
7

Carga tributária indireta sobre o custo do cesto básico da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre

Santos, Everson Vieira dos January 2011 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho é estimar a participação dos principais tributos indiretos e contribuições (IPI, ICMS, PIS e COFINS) incidentes sobre os preços de dezembro de 2008, dos cinquenta e quatro produtos que formam o Cesto Básico calculado mensalmente pelo Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa Econômicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Assim, estimou-se a participação individual e total dos tributos indiretos e contribuições na formação do preço de cada um dos produtos do referido cesto. Estudou-se, ainda, a carga tributária brasileira no período de 1994 a 2008, bem como a sua relação com o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), estabelecendo-se comparações com o cenário internacional. Apresenta-se a participação dos tributos diretos e indiretos na formação da carga tributária brasileira, com base nos princípios tributários constitucionais de justiça social e equidade fiscal. Ainda, com este foco de discussão, são tratadas as bases econômicas da tributação, considerando os principais tributos diretos e indiretos da estrutura tributária brasileira. Finalizando, apresentam-se a teoria econômica acerca da tributação e de equilíbrio de mercado, as incidências dos tributos indiretos e os grupos de produtos estudados. / The objective of the present paper is to estimate the share of the main indirect taxes (IPI, ICMS, PIS and COFINS) levied over the December 2008 prices of the fifty-four products that make up the Basic Food Basket, calculated monthly by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Center for Economic Studies and Research. Then, we estimated the individual and total share of the indirect taxes in making up the price of each one of the products that make up that basket. We studied the Brazilian tax load in the period between 1994 and 2008, as well as its relationship to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), making comparisons against the international scenario. We present the role of direct and indirect taxes in the make-up of the Brazilian tax load based on the constitutional tax principles of social justice and fiscal equity. Still focused on this discussion, we address the economic bases of taxation considering the main direct and indirect Brazilian taxes. Concluding, we present the economic theory of taxation and market balance, the indirect levied and the groups of product studied.
8

Carga tributária indireta sobre o custo do cesto básico da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre

Santos, Everson Vieira dos January 2011 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho é estimar a participação dos principais tributos indiretos e contribuições (IPI, ICMS, PIS e COFINS) incidentes sobre os preços de dezembro de 2008, dos cinquenta e quatro produtos que formam o Cesto Básico calculado mensalmente pelo Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa Econômicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Assim, estimou-se a participação individual e total dos tributos indiretos e contribuições na formação do preço de cada um dos produtos do referido cesto. Estudou-se, ainda, a carga tributária brasileira no período de 1994 a 2008, bem como a sua relação com o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), estabelecendo-se comparações com o cenário internacional. Apresenta-se a participação dos tributos diretos e indiretos na formação da carga tributária brasileira, com base nos princípios tributários constitucionais de justiça social e equidade fiscal. Ainda, com este foco de discussão, são tratadas as bases econômicas da tributação, considerando os principais tributos diretos e indiretos da estrutura tributária brasileira. Finalizando, apresentam-se a teoria econômica acerca da tributação e de equilíbrio de mercado, as incidências dos tributos indiretos e os grupos de produtos estudados. / The objective of the present paper is to estimate the share of the main indirect taxes (IPI, ICMS, PIS and COFINS) levied over the December 2008 prices of the fifty-four products that make up the Basic Food Basket, calculated monthly by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Center for Economic Studies and Research. Then, we estimated the individual and total share of the indirect taxes in making up the price of each one of the products that make up that basket. We studied the Brazilian tax load in the period between 1994 and 2008, as well as its relationship to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), making comparisons against the international scenario. We present the role of direct and indirect taxes in the make-up of the Brazilian tax load based on the constitutional tax principles of social justice and fiscal equity. Still focused on this discussion, we address the economic bases of taxation considering the main direct and indirect Brazilian taxes. Concluding, we present the economic theory of taxation and market balance, the indirect levied and the groups of product studied.
9

Efeitos da renda sobre atributos da alimentação no Brasil: Uma análise da influência de medidas associadas ao salário mínimo sobre dimensões da segurança alimentar e nutricional / Effects of income on food attributes in Brazil: An analysis of the influence of measures associated to the minimum wage on food and nutritional security dimensions

Santana, André Bento Chaves 21 September 2018 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar adequação do uso do salário mínimo, em comparação com outras medidas de renda, na investigação de aspectos de segurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil; especialmente quanto à representatividade do poder aquisitivo, à qualidade nutricional do padrão alimentar da população e às alternativas para solução de situações de insegurança alimentar. A partir de dados disponibilizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e pelo Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Econômicos (DIEESE), foram conduzidas análises sobre: (1) evolução do poder aquisitivo do salário mínimo desde sua criação até atualmente, em comparação ao valor monetário necessário para aquisição dos itens alimentares inicialmente previstos na cesta básica utilizada para seu cálculo; (2) adequação nutricional da cesta básica de alimentos em relação às recomendações nutricionais vigentes na atualidade; (3) qualidade nutricional do consumo alimentar da população brasileira em comparação à dieta baseada em itens da cesta básica pela aplicação do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado; (4) caracterização de domicílios brasileiros em situação de insegurança alimentar para mapeamento das atitudes adotadas em resposta à escassez de alimentos. Os resultados obtidos indicaram deterioração da relevância do salário mínimo no contexto alimentar e nutricional, devido à ausência de atualizações monetárias de valor em períodos críticos da inflação brasileira e à mudança nas recomendações nutricionais em decorrência da evolução do conhecimento na área, sem correspondente revisão da composição da cesta de alimentos originalmente proposta como base para cálculo do salário mínimo. O padrão de consumo alimentar da população brasileira e a dieta baseada no consumo dos itens da cesta básica de alimentos foram caracterizados por baixo consumo de frutas, vegetais e cereais, além de excesso de ingestão energética proveniente de gorduras e açúcar. Em relação à insegurança alimentar, observou-se preferência por atitudes de redistribuição intradomiciliar de alimentos ou busca de apoio em rede social proximal dos indivíduos em situação de insegurança alimentar. Programas governamentais raramente são mencionados como parte das ações principais para mitigar problemas de escassez de alimentos no contexto domiciliar. A partir do conjunto de evidências analisadas, conclui-se que políticas de reajuste do salário mínimo e de distribuição de renda apresentam baixa efetividade em termos de promoção de um melhor padrão alimentar para população brasileira. Determinados programas governamentais direcionados à promoção da segurança alimentar e nutricional possivelmente apresentam insuficiência na cobertura ou baixa divulgação entre segmentos populacionais de menor renda, colocando em risco a garantia do acesso à alimentação adequada no Brasil. / The objective of the study was to assess the adequacy of the use of minimum wage in the investigation of aspects related to food and nutrition security in Brazil, in comparison to other income measures; especially referring to its characteristics in representing purchase power, nutritional quality of food consumption patterns at population level and alternatives for solution of food insecurity situations. Using data from the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Brazilian Interunion Department for Statistics and Economic Studies (DIEESE), a set of analysis was performed in relation to: (1) evolution of purchase power of the Brazilian minimum wage from its inception until nowadays, in comparison to the monetary value required to acquisition of the food items originally proposed in the basic food basket used for its calculation; (2) nutritional adequacy of the Brazilian basic food basket in comparison to recent nutritional recommendations; (3) nutritional quality of the food consumption patterns from the Brazilian population in comparison to a diet based on items of the basic food basket, using the Healthy Eating Index Revised adapted for Brazil; (4) characterization of Brazilian households under food insecurity in order to map attitudes adopted to deal with food scarcity. The results showed deterioration of the relevance of the Brazilian minimum wage in the food and nutrition context, due to the absence of updates in its monetary value during periods of high inflation in Brazil, and due to changes in nutritional recommendations derived from advances in knowledge without revision of the composition of the basic food basket originally proposed for estimation of the minimum wage. The Brazilian population dietary pattern nowadays and the diet based on the basic food basket were marked by low proportion of fruits, vegetables and cereals; and excess of calories from fats, oils and sugar. In relation to food insecurity, results pointed to preference for adoption of attitudes related to intra-household food redistribution and support of social networks in order to deal with lack of food. Government programs were rarely mentioned as potential solutions for reducing the impacts of food scarcity in the household context. The evidences analyzed in the study indicated that policies for adjustment of the minimum wage and programs for income distribution in Brazil had low effectiveness for promotion of improvements in food consumption patterns among the Brazilian population. Certain government programs directed towards promotion of food security probably present insufficient coverage or low dissemination among low income segments of the population, compromising the assurance of adequate access to food in Brazil.
10

Iodine status of pregnant women and children aged 6 to 12 years feeding from the same basket in Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Mabasa, Eric 26 February 2015 (has links)
MSCPNT / Department of Nutrition

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