Orientador: Maria Jacira Silva Simões / Banca: Rodolpho Telarolli Júnior / Banca: Leonor de castro Monteiro Loffredo / Resumo: Com base nas informações obtidas referentes à importância do diagnóstico precoce de possíveis distúrbios nutricionais, este estudo foi proposto com o objetivo de avaliar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar de escolares com idade entre 7 e 9 anos, da rede municipal de ensino de Mogi Guaçu/SP. Participaram da pesquisa 261 escolares matriculados no 2º ciclo de alfabetização e nos 1º e 2º ciclos intermediários do Ensino Fundamental. O delineamento amostral adotado foi o probabilístico estratificado, segundo o número de escolares matriculados em cada instituição de ensino e série. Os dados foram obtidos mediante avaliação antropométrica dos escolares, determinando peso e altura para classificação do estado nutricional, circunferência da cintura e avaliação qualitativa do consumo alimentar por meio da aplicação de um questionário específico para esta população. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva das variáveis e determinadas as associações por meio do teste qui-quadrado de aderência. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, 65,9% dos escolares encontram-se eutróficos, 15,71% apresentam sobrepeso e 12,26% obesidade, sendo 5,37% obesidade grave e 0,38% foram diagnosticados com magreza e magreza acentuada. Esses dados revelam a necessidade de estratégias de orientação nutricional, as quais contribuirão para um adequado estado de saúde e prevenção de doenças, na vida adulta / Abstract: With base in the information obtained regarding the importance of the precocious diagnosis of possible nutritional disturbances, this study was proposed with the objective of evaluating the nutritional state and the scholars' alimentary consumption with age between 7 and 9 years, of the municipal net of teaching of Mogi Guaçu/SP. Participated in the research 261 scholars enrolled in the 2nd literacy cycle and in the 1st and 2nd intermediate cycles of the Fundamental Teaching. The delineation sample adopted was the stratified probabilistic, according to the number of scholars enrolled in each teaching institution and series. The data were obtained by the scholars' evaluation anthropometric, determining weight and height for classification of the nutritional state, circumference of the waist and qualitative evaluation of the alimentary consumption through the application of a specific questionnaire for this population. Descriptive statistical analysis of the variables was accomplished and certain the associations through the test qui-square of adherence. In agreement with the results obtained, 65,9% of the scholars are eutrophic, 15,71% present overweight, 12,26% obesity, 5,37% serious obesity and 0,38% were diagnosed with thinness and accentuated thinness. Those data reveal the need of strategies of nutritional orientation, which will contribute to an appropriate health condition and prevention of diseases in the adult life / Mestre

O presente estudo inserido na linha de Pesquisa Fundamentos e Estratégias Educacionais no Ensino de Ciências e Matemática, diz respeito à percepção aos hábitos alimentares dos estudantes da turma D do Programa Mais Educação dos hábitos na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental General Osório de Vacaria (RS). Dessa forma fazendo o uso do método de Ensino com Projetos foram realizadas várias atividades envolvendo os alunos da Educação Integral, familiares dos educandos, equipe gestora e professores da Escola. Foram propostos vários objetivos entre eles, conhecer a realidade alimentar de cada estudante do Programa Mais Educação. Este trabalho teve como suporte teórico pesquisadores que contribuíram para estruturação de uma proposta de ensino com projetos que levasse à mudança de hábitos, atitudes e reflexão no que tange a escolha de alimentos e bebidas por parte dos educandos participantes da Educação Integral na E.M.E.F. General Osório. É imprescindível considerar as contribuições de autores como Freire, que destaca a necessidade de o aluno jamais assumir uma postura passiva, mas sim assumir uma posição curiosa e crítica. Assim como a concepção de Peruzzo de que o nosso corpo precisa de energia e nutrientes para se manter vivo e saudável, neste sentido e no contexto da educação formal, uma abordagem inovadora que leve à mudança de atitudes na escolha dos alimentos é muito desejável. Desta forma, a pesquisa apresentou-se significativa por viabilizar reflexão sobre os hábitos alimentares dos estudantes, por eles mesmos, haja vista que a escola tem função essencial na construção de hábitos em seus alunos referente a uma alimentação saudável, pois de acordo com Freire, desafiar os educandos ao que parece certo é um dever do educador, logo o estudo realizado permitiu outras possibilidades de reflexão e análise em especial à alimentação. / The present study, which is part of the Research Fundamentals and Educational Strategies research line in Science and Mathematics Education, concerns the perception of the eating habits of the students of class D of the More Education Program of Habits in the Municipal School of General Education Osório of the Vacaria (RS). Thus, by using the method of Teaching with Projects, several activities were carried out involving the students of Integral Education, the families of the students, the management team and the teachers of the School. Several objectives were proposed among them, to know the food reality of each student of the More Education Program. This work had as theoretical support researchers who contributed to the structuring of a teaching proposal with projects that lead to the change of habits, attitudes and reflection regarding the choice of foods and beverages by the students participating in Integral Education in E.M.E.F. General Osório. It is imperative to consider the contributions of authors such as Freire, that highlights the need for the student to never assume a passive posture, but rather to assume a curious and critical position. Like Peruzzo's conception that our body needs energy and nutrients to stay alive and healthy, in this sense and in the context of formal education, an innovative approach that leads to changing attitudes in the choice of food is very desirable. In this way, the research was significant to enable reflection on the eating habits of the students themselves, given that the school has an essential role in the construction of habits in its students regarding healthy eating, because according to Freire, Challenging learners to what seems right is a duty of the educator, so the study carried out allowed other possibilities of reflection and analysis in particular to food.

D.Ed. (Education Management) / The link between dietary practices and the prevalance as well as the prevention of various diseases have been proven beyond any doubt; the guidelines of the Prudent Diet were subsequently put forward to reduce many of these nutrition-related risk factors. Due to inadequate numbers, qualified nutrition educators cannot target their efforts to reach all vulnerable groups and everybody is thus not in a position to glean sound nutrition knowledge, enabling them to plan -healthy diets. Teachers could fill this gap, provided they are well versed in nutritional matters. Eating habits are usually formed in chidhood but the establishment of sound practices is a dynamic life-long process. Exposure to accurate and convincing information could benefit eating behaviour, but incorrect nutrition messages may have a confusing and detrimental influence upon people's choice of foods. Magazines and parents are reported as the major sources of nutrition information as well as misinformation for school children and students. School subjects are seldom singled out as being of significant value. These findings suggest the dire need for teachers to be properly trained in nutrition. Since students are notoriously ignorant on nutrition related issues and tend to follow a typical but often poor diet, this study aimed at determining the effect of a nonformal consumer orientated nutrition education programme on the nutrition knowledge and eating habits of student teachers at the Rand Afrikaans University (RAU). All the students in the 1993 Didactics class (representative of the student teachers at this university) were selected as an appropriate target audience. Nutrition education can only be effective and efficient if the particular needs of the target group are addressed by means of a popular and acceptable teaching strategy. A nutrition education programme based on the guidelines of the Prudent Diet and similar in format to magazine articles, seemed to be an appropriate teaching method. Questionnaires were developed to collect and compare pre- and post-test information on nutrition knowledge, levels of interest, eating habits and individual queries or comments. Test questions were based on common misconceptions as responded in the literature, and food frequency questionnaires included 20 items of which prudent lowered or increased intakes are recommended. Actual and perceived nutrition and consumer knowledge scores were analyzed for sex, age, residence, sports activities, personal opinions and sources of information by means of paired t-tests. These data contributed towards interpreting the test results, assessing knowledge needs, gauging interest and formulating the contents and format of the learning material.

Background: The Navajo population experiences high rates of food insecurity, contributing to high rates of chronic disease. We conducted in-depth interviews with Navajo tribal members in order to understand food insecurity in this community and inform the design of an intervention to improve access to healthy foods. Methods: Thirty individuals were interviewed over a three-month period, including Chapter House officials, Community Health Representatives and heads of households living in the Crownpoint Service Unit in Navajo Nation. Data was coded, grouped into analytical categories and integrated into a thematic framework. Results: Food insecurity in Navajo Nation demonstrates variability at the structural, community, and individual and household levels. Income, transportation, vendors, Chapter Houses, social support and health literacy were the main factors contributing to participants’ access to healthy foods. Responses to food insecurity were explored through coping strategies as well as through food purchasing strategies such as price, proximity, shelf life, family preferences, and ease of preparation. Lastly, participants discussed their endorsement for a proposed intervention to increase access to healthy foods. Conclusion: Food insecurity in Navajo Nation is a complex issue, influenced by the dynamic relationship between determinants of individual behavior and the broader environmental context in which they are embedded. A community-based multi-level intervention is necessary in order to achieve sustainable improvement in access to healthy foods.

North American cities consist of a variety of different ethnic groups. Many of these groups are minority communities who live in clearly defined areas of the cities and maintain many of the habits and traditions of their homelands. This leads them to live in a way which is often quite distinctive from the dominant Anglo-American culture prevalent in most Canadian or American cities. The present study is concerned with one such community. More particularly, this study examines the food habits of Greek immigrants in Vancouver, and attempts to show that the food habits maintained by this group differ from those of the 'average' Canadian. Spatially, such differences are manifested in a distinctive pattern of food shopping behaviour. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

The "hyperphagic syndrome" consists of a number of behavioral changes which normally occur along with the increased weight gain following VMH lesions in the rat. The present study explored the possibility of separating these behavioral changes from the increased weight gain. The behavioral dimensions sampled were activity, tendency to work for food and reactivity to diet adulteration. Three different methods were employed to produce the increased weight gain: electrolytic VMH lesions, cuts lateral to the VMH, and cuts anterior to the VMH. The results confirmed the decreased activity, decreased tendency to work for food, and increased reactivity to taste manipulation previously reported for VMH-lesioned animals. Cuts lateral to the VMH were indistinguishable from lesions on each of these measures. Cuts anterior to the VMH resulted in no change in normal activity level or in the tendency to work for food but did result in increased reactivity to taste manipulation. The results are consistent with the notion of a medial-lateral system controlling some facit of energy balance and of an anterior system underlying a sex dependent part of the weight gain in female rats. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

Recent reports indicate that the nutritional status of native Indians is poorer than that of the general population. The culture of native Canadians is currently in a state of transition, with many factors affecting traditional life patterns, producing rapid changes in lifestyles. The present study was undertaken in order to gain fuller understanding of those problems related to food intake and the influence of social and cultural factors. By use of a 24-hour recall, the nutrient content of diets of 144 individuals living at three reserves adjacent to urban centres was compared with diets of 105 individuals at four relatively isolated Indian reserves. Interviews were conducted with 92 women from the seven reserves and information regarding food beliefs, shopping habits, meal planning, food practices, as well as selected socio-economic and family variables, was collected. In addition, data on food prices and foods available in local stores was gathered. Analysis of nutrient intake data showed that low intakes were frequent for calories, calcium, iron and vitamin C. Low caloric intakes were observed for adolescents and most adults, regardless of reserve location. Calcium intakes were lowest on isolated reserves, while iron status was poorest in non-isolated communities. Vitamin C intakes on isolated reserves were considerably lower than on non-isolated reserves. Rank correlation coefficients using Kendall's tau beta demonstrated that several independent variables were related to the dependent variable, food practices of the female household head. These included the location of the reserve, education of respondents, the women's attitudes toward nutrition, household size, and the level reached on the household facilities scale. The most significant factor related to food consumption was isolation (p<.001), with diets in urban areas being more adequate than those in rural areas. Overall food selection was poorest in isolated reserves, notably Babine and Fort Ware. The items most often in short supply were dairy products, fresh meats and fresh fruits and vegetables. Food costs were also highest in the most isolated reserves. It was concluded that food practices of native Indians are poorer at isolated reserves than at those adjacent to urban centres. Indications are that this is a consequence of the interaction of a number of factors: high food prices, poor selection, unemployment, inadequate housing and household facilities, depleting natural food resources, a lack of food/nutrition information, as well as a lack of involvement in health-related programmes. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Background and Objectives: Childhood obesity and its comorbidities are an emerging health problem among the Kuwaiti population and their neighboring countries. The food environment and parental role are among the key determinates of eating behavior in children. Parents influence their children's eating through both their food parenting styles (FPS) during meal and snack times, and their goal-directed food parenting practices (FPP). The majority of studies have examined nuclear families; however, with the increased cost of daily living and women in the workforce, many mothers are feeding their children in multigenerational or extended family households. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of FPS and FPP among Kuwaiti mothers with school-age children and the demographic variables associated with them; and to further explore the mothers' benefits, challenges, and strategies of child feeding between those who live with their in-laws, those who live independently, and during Zwara the weekly family gatherings. Methods: Using a sequential explanatory design, this mixed-methods study consisted of two distinct phases. Phase 1 (quantitative): 1625 Kuwaiti mothers with children aged 6 to 12 years completed a cross-sectional electronic survey including the Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ), five constructs from the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) and a range of socioeconomic and living situations. Phase 2 (qualitative): 32 mothers took part in a follow-up in-person semi-structured interview about benefits, challenges, and strategies of child feeding within two groups - 16 living with in-laws, and 16 living independently; each group consisted of equal numbers of Authoritative and Indulgent feeding styles. Conclusion: Phase 1: The mother's perception of child weight was the only factor associated with both FPSs and FPPs, indicating that it as a key influential factor. The mother's education level and childbirth order were associated with FPPs, implying their direct influence on specific goal-directed practices of child-eating. Whereas, living arrangements, number of hired help, living district, and child age were associated with FPSs, suggesting their indirect influence on the parent-child interaction. Phase 2: The benefits, challenges, and strategies of child feeding differed between the living arrangements, and the Indulgent and Authoritative feeding styles differed only by the strategies used. Also, the Kuwaiti mothers were more prone to follow the Indulgent style during the weekend gatherings, despite being more likely to use the Authoritative style during the weekday. Likewise, Kuwaiti Grandparents were perceived to have Indulgent feeding styles tendencies with Grandchild, which has been linked with higher child weight in other studies. These differences in usage of FPPs and FPSs in different settings suggest that there is a need to develop and implement nutrition interventions to improve maternal feeding practices based on their household arrangements.

"Nutrition is fast becoming a popular science among many age groups. Young people, especially athletes, are becoming more aware of the correlation between diet and health. Also, with such a great amount of emphasis placed on physical beauty, more people are interested in the study of nutrition for vanity purposes"--Introduction. / "August, 1978." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Department of Home Economics Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Advisor: Jane Gatewood White, Major Professor. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-42).

The cerebellum is well-known for its ability to integrate diverse internal and external stimuli, forming associations which serve as a basis for the construction of predictive models. Though traditionally studied in the context of motor learning, mounting evidence indicates that cerebellar learning may play an analogous role in many non-motor functions, including autonomic regulation and reward processing. Using combinatorial approaches of neuroanatomical tracing, electrophysiology, and behavioral studies, we investigated whether cerebellar learning extends to the domains of feeding behavior and gastrointestinal regulation, wherein prediction is critical for optimally timing food seeking and digestion in order to maximize nutrient acquisition while minimizing risk and energetic cost. Our results show direct anatomical connections between the cerebellum and known feeding centers, including the lateral hypothalamus, nucleus of the solitary tract, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. In addition, a localized area of the rostral cerebellum was found to respond to gastric distension and drive gastric emptying. Finally, we show that cerebellar activation drives robust, short-latency ingestive responses in awake, sated mice. Collectively, our results implicate the specific, interconnected cerebellar regions of Lobules II & III and the rostral fastigial nucleus, which we believe may represent one or more microzones devoted to integrating pre-and post-ingestive signals for control of feeding and digestion.