Magister Legum - LLM / The objective of this study is to analyse the law relating to exploration and production of oil and gas in Tanzania in relation to the protection of FDI. The analysis will be based on the international standards for the protection of FDI. Some of these standards are contained in international instruments and some of them have attained the status of customary international law. Examples of such standards include: Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET), Full Protection and Security (FPS), non-arbitrariness and non-discrimination, among others. Some international instruments to be referred to include the 1992 World Bank Guidelines on Treatment of FDI and the CERDS.

The topic of the this thesis is the analysis of further action of the companies located in Industrial zone "Karviná -- Nové Pole". There is made an analysis using the criteria of individual companies operating in industrial zone "Nové Pole" which are threatened by expansion of coal mining in the case of breaking the existing limits. The introductory part deals with basic terminology related to industrial zones, different types of zones and legislation associated with their construction. The theoretical part also focuses on support the development of industrial zones and the systém of investment incentives on the Moravian-Silesian Region. Practical part is about the evaluation of current situation of particular companies and the result is that companies will be more or less interested in staying in industrial zone "Nové Pole".

A shift in economic power from the developed world to emerging markets has seen the BRICS countries becoming the new growth centre of the world. In 2010, half of the total global foreign direct investment (FDI) flows went to emerging economies. A large portion of these FDI flows goes to the manufacturing industry with a quarter of the global GDP being generated by the production processes of multinational manufacturing enterprises (MMEs). The challenge for the BRICS countries will be to sustain their trend in FDI inflow. Previous studies on this topic focused on the determinants of FDI at country level as opposed to an industry specific focus. The outcome of this study assists MMEs in their entering decisions and policy makers in developing policies that create an enabling environment that will attract foreign capital.This research analyses the BRICS countries as potential destinations for FDI in the manufacturing industry. The analyses followed a three phased approach. The first phase identified the potential determinants of FDI to the manufacturing industry of the BRICS countries. The second phase either validated or disproved investor perceptions about the factors that would impact on the performance of an investment. In the third and final phase of the analysis, the competitiveness of the BRICS countries in attracting FDI to the manufacturing industry was assessed.The analysis of the three hypotheses contributed to the overarching theme of evaluating the BRICS countries as potential destinations for MMEs. The outcome of the analysis highlights that countries are unique and that investor perceptions about a country’s conditions and how this will impact on the performance of an investment are not always valid. In the overall analysis of the BRICS countries as potential destinations for FDI, the majority of the BRICS countries, with the exception of South Africa, are found to be competitive destinations for attracting FDI to the manufacturing industry. On the basis of the outcome of the analysis and the methodology followed in this study, a general model that can be used in future FDI research is suggested. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a source that improves the competiveness of the host country which can be further utilised to develop the country’s own resources and capabilities. In addition, non-affiliated local firms that do not have a foreign partner improve their performance due to the spillover effects gained either through the sharing of resources, learnings or due to the increase in competition. As such, FDI is seen as an important economic growth driver in developing economies since these economies struggle to compete in the global economy.The objective of this research is to determine whether foreign ownership in a developing economy is beneficial in terms of national competiveness; reducing the income gaps; improving employment opportunities; improving the financial performance of an acquired local firm and if the foreign parent introduces new technologies into the economy. Due to the mining- and manufacturing sector being the main recipients of FDI in South Africa and both having similar operations specifically being high capital and labour intensive, these sectors were chosen for the purpose of this research. The data sample was analysed using multiple regression as it is a flexible method of data analysis that may be appropriate whenever a quantitative dependent variable needs to be examined to find a relationship with two or more independent or explanatory variables.The results indicate significant benefits for the host economy in attracting FDI into the country. The benefits seemingly outweigh the costs and the presence of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in South Africa will help it in elevating some of the socio-economic challengers like high unemployment rate and the shortage of skills through resource sharing with the MNCs. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

The purpose of this essay is to find how Location specific factors affect the FDI of MNEs.This is done through the use of Dunning's eclectic paradigm, mainly the L-factor of OLI. TheL-factor is then combined with market agglomeration and unexploited markets as aframework to find location as a motivator for companies´ FDI. We also use Dunning’s fourmotivations for FDI when trying to find how Location affected FDI.Three companies are interviewed in semi-structured interviews to ensure their views on thesubject can transpire but still keep them within the subject at hand. We found that all thecompanies we interviewed mainly looked for agglomerated markets, access to markets,customers and access to competent people within the markets when deciding which market tosettle in. We also found that unexploited markets were not something the companies weinterviewed were searching for nor valued highly in their investment decision. This has to dowith the fact that we only interviewed three companies and did not interview in a wideenough range of industries to be able to conclude our findings.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is played a vital role for boosting up the economies of developing countries. Hence, it is necessary to know the factors that determines the flows of FDI in the developing countries. This study has attempted to investigate how different factors affect the inflow of foreign direct investment in South Asian Countries. To attain the objective this study has collected data on the respective variables for 45 years and considered seven countries. The relationship between different economic variables and their overall impact on FDI inflows have been examined through various panel models like basic pooled OLS estimation, entity fixed effect model, time fixed effect estimation and random effect model. The outcome of this study is that GDP of the country is the main factor behind the FDI inflows in South Asian countries.

South Africa is in need of foreign direct investment (FDI) to increase economic growth and alleviate unemployment and poverty. To succeed in obtaining this FDI, South Africa must compete with the rest of the world for the available FDI. The global economic outlook is currently still uncertain and the growth of advanced economies are slowing down while Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa continue to grow at a steady pace. South Africa, as part of Sub-Saharan Africa, should take advantage of this growth on the African continent as well as internationally. Although studies have been performed to ascertain the tax policies of countries, the role of taxation applied by countries and the effects of taxation on FDI, there have been few studies on the tax policies specifically in respect of withholding taxes on interest. The new South African withholding tax on interest, applicable to South African source interest payments to non-residents, has been proposed to be included in terms of sections 49A to 49H in the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962) and will become effective from 1 January 2015. These sections have been introduced to align the said withholding tax and the section 10(1)(h) interest exemption, applicable to normal income tax in respect of non-residents, to the withholding taxes on interest and interest exemptions applied globally. Attention should be focused on whether the aforementioned global alignment will be achieved with the introduction of this legislation as South Africa had previously applied a similar legislation called non-residents’ tax on interest (NRTI) which appeared to be unsuccessful. Determining whether this legislation has been aligned with global practice will provide useful insight into whether this new legislation will promote, stagnate or be indifferent to FDI in South Africa, while at the same time not eroding the tax base with overly generous exemptions. This study reviews and compares the taxes implemented globally specifically in relation to withholding taxes on interest in a selection of countries, namely the developing countries Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mozambique and Namibia and the developed countries Germany and Denmark. Other determinants which will also have an impact on the comparisons of these withholding taxes are, for example, normal and withholding tax interest exemptions and repo rates – all of which have been incorporated into this comparative study. Based on the literature reviewed and the comparative analysis, the study concludes that the South African withholding tax on interest is effectively designed to keep attracting foreign lending in order to remain competitive in international markets. It is further shown that the South African legislation in respect of the section 10(1)(h) blanket interest exemption is aligned to that of global practice. / MCom (South African and International Taxation), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

South Africa is in need of foreign direct investment (FDI) to increase economic growth and alleviate unemployment and poverty. To succeed in obtaining this FDI, South Africa must compete with the rest of the world for the available FDI. The global economic outlook is currently still uncertain and the growth of advanced economies are slowing down while Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa continue to grow at a steady pace. South Africa, as part of Sub-Saharan Africa, should take advantage of this growth on the African continent as well as internationally. Although studies have been performed to ascertain the tax policies of countries, the role of taxation applied by countries and the effects of taxation on FDI, there have been few studies on the tax policies specifically in respect of withholding taxes on interest. The new South African withholding tax on interest, applicable to South African source interest payments to non-residents, has been proposed to be included in terms of sections 49A to 49H in the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962) and will become effective from 1 January 2015. These sections have been introduced to align the said withholding tax and the section 10(1)(h) interest exemption, applicable to normal income tax in respect of non-residents, to the withholding taxes on interest and interest exemptions applied globally. Attention should be focused on whether the aforementioned global alignment will be achieved with the introduction of this legislation as South Africa had previously applied a similar legislation called non-residents’ tax on interest (NRTI) which appeared to be unsuccessful. Determining whether this legislation has been aligned with global practice will provide useful insight into whether this new legislation will promote, stagnate or be indifferent to FDI in South Africa, while at the same time not eroding the tax base with overly generous exemptions. This study reviews and compares the taxes implemented globally specifically in relation to withholding taxes on interest in a selection of countries, namely the developing countries Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mozambique and Namibia and the developed countries Germany and Denmark. Other determinants which will also have an impact on the comparisons of these withholding taxes are, for example, normal and withholding tax interest exemptions and repo rates – all of which have been incorporated into this comparative study. Based on the literature reviewed and the comparative analysis, the study concludes that the South African withholding tax on interest is effectively designed to keep attracting foreign lending in order to remain competitive in international markets. It is further shown that the South African legislation in respect of the section 10(1)(h) blanket interest exemption is aligned to that of global practice. / MCom (South African and International Taxation), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This thesis complements current studies by focusing on developed OECD countries as they are the major sources and recipients of world FDI and current studies relating to developed countries using aggregate country FDI data are limited. This study empirically tests the determinants of FDI inflows and outflows and their relationship with economic growth using 2SLS simultaneous equations model between 1981 and 2008 for a sample of 20 developed OECD countries. The empirical findings suggest that FDI inflows do not contribute to economic growth in the host country and economic growth positively affects FDI inflows. In addition, trade openness and flexible employment protection legislation in the host country attract FDI inflows. In terms of FDI outflows, the results show that FDI outflows reduce economic growth in the home country, while economic growth in the home country increases FDI outflows. Moreover, high past level of outward FDI stock, trade openness, low labour cost and currency depreciation in the home country provide incentives for domestic firms to invest abroad. Therefore, this study does not support offering special incentives to foreign investors to attract FDI inflows or offering promotional policies to domestic firms to encourage FDI outflows. Instead, government should provide incentives for domestic investment and other sound policies to increase economic growth, which in itself provides a good environment to attract FDI inflows and to encourage FDI outflows. Keywords: FDI inflows, FDI outflows, two stage least squares simultaneous equations, economic growth, labour market flexibility.

This Bachelor thesis focuses on examining the Ghanaian state's policies regarding inward Foreign Direct Investments and furthermore the policy implementation to attract and receive FDI, the question asked is What policy choices have been implemented by Ghana to attract Chinese FDI? This thesis employs a single case study design with a qualitative approach as it seeks to draw upon Liberal IPE and RAM to understand the policy choices in attracting FDI, more specifically how Ghana has shaped their policies. When conducting the analysis, the thesis assembles documents, both primary and secondary data to be able to answer the research question. The documents used for gathering data is from Ghana's government as well as governmental organisations, governmental policies and official statistics to peer reviewed articles and organisational data. This enables the thesis to find empirical evidence to support the aims of the conducted research. Moreover, secondary data will be used to situate, contextualize and present the findings. The main problem seen is how the policy behaviour of governments is conducted to receive FDI in this trudge. The solution to the problem is presented to be the policy decision taken to open markets and welcoming Foreign Direct Investment, through reforms aimed at both domestic companies and market as well as to the global markets and actors.